大学英语专业综合教程4unit-13-Marriage课件.ppt

1、 By 昆明理工大学外文院昆明理工大学外文院 1Content Pre-reading activities Text comprehension Further enhancement2 What is marriage？Marriage is a social union or legal contract between individuals that creates kinship.People get married for such reasons as legal,social,emotional and economical;for public declaration of

2、 love;or for the lawful foundation of a family.3The items you should know in the marriage A.Think seriously before marriageB.Konw the ways to keep marriage heathierC.Cherish the benefits of marriage 4 The divorce rate is more than 50%Desire for freedom American take themselves as a center Divorce in

3、 America5 Brainstorm Money In-laws Common interests in life6 Money Money is a sensitive area and your household finances need to be properly structured.You and your spouse should define your core values.Try to come to an understanding about what you both care the most about spending money on.7 The i

4、n-laws It is not uncommon for some mothers-or fathers-in law to overstep their boundaries and interfere with their childs marriage.If your in-laws are causing difficulties in your marriage,you and your spouse will then need to set boundaries with your parents.8 The way they spend their time together

5、 Of course,you and your spouse have individual needs and interests.However,you and your spouse should focus on the time you spend together,instead of the activity itself.9The authors purpose of writing(attitude)A、To present all kinds of opinions on marriage and conclude that marriage is full of diff

6、iculties.B、To argue that the difficulties in marriage are something long-standing,existing from the moment when God created man and woman.C、To tell people what is the right attitude towards the difficulties of marriage.10Structural analysis The text falls into three parts:Part I:(Paragraph 1):The au

7、thor,after quoting Russell on the subject,puts forward his own argument that difficulties in regard to marriage have been an old issue for centuries.Part II:(Paragraphs 2 7):The author analyzes the roots of such difficulties by listing quotations from famous literary works and famous people.11Part I

8、II:(Paragraphs 8 9):The author assigns the causes of unhappy marriages to the excessive consciousness of difficulties in human beings,and encourages people to face the difficulties in marriage bravely.12Text comprehension Part I Part II Part III13Paragraph 1 Question Cultural background Difficult se

9、ntence Important words and express14What attitude did people in the Victorian era have towards marriage?(Paragraph 1)Even people in the Victorian era,which was a period renowned for its emphasis on social duties rather than rights,did not have expectations for a difficulty-free marriage.15Bertrand R

10、ussell Bertrand Arthur William Russell(18721970)was a British philosopher,logician,essayist and social critic.In 1950,he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.Contributions:Principles of mathematics Russells paradox(罗素悖论）Principia Mathematica Russells Theory of Definite Descriptions A contributi

11、on to metaphysics(形而上学）and Epistemology（认识论）Defense of neutral monism Womens rights Anti-war16Adam and Eve In Genesis,the first book of the Bible,God made Adam from dust and breathed the breath of life into his nostrils.God then created animals so that Adam would not be alone.He put him in a beautif

12、ul garden,the Garden of Eden.Here Adam lived in peace with all the animals.However,God saw that Adam was lonely in the garden,so God took a rib from Adam when he was asleep one night.From Adams rib,God made Eve17Victorian era The Victorian era of British history(and that of the British Empire)was th

13、e period of Queen Victorias reign from 20 June 1837 until her death,on 22 January 1901.It was a long period of peace,prosperity,refined sensibilities and national self-confidence for Britain.18Sentence:Their cynical attitude to marriage may be gathered from the enthusiastic reception(they gave to Pu

14、nchs advice(to those about to marry)“Dont.”)Paraphrase:From the way they enthusiastically received the“Dont”advice given in the magazine Punch,we can tell that they adopted a skeptical attitude to marriage.19 In regard to:concerning/about 关于 Sb cant help doing sth=sb cant help but do sth:someone is

15、unable to change their behavior or feelings,or to prevent themselves from doing something.某人忍不住做某事 Be beset with：If you are beset with difficulties,problems,fears,etc.,there are so many of them or they are difficult for you to deal with.饱受困扰。Under no illusion：holding no false belief不抱任何幻想。20Paragrap

16、h 2Difficult sentences21Sentence:The humor was crude;but it went home to the honest Victorian heart.go home to ones heart:deeply touch or grieve sbParaphrase:Although the humor might sound offensively rude,it was readily accepted by people in the Victorian era.22 Sentence:It would seem a hell(mainly

17、 populated by twins and leech-like mothers-in-law)Paraphrase:marriage would seem a place full of miseries where life is same and boring day by day and is interfered by mean mothers-in-law.23Paragraph 5-7 Cultural background and quotations 24Socrates Socrates(469 BC 399 BC)was a classical Greek philo

18、sopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy.contributions:Socratic method Socratic paradoxes The father of political philosophy,ethics or moral philosophy Important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology25“苏格拉底方法,”自始至终是以师生问答的形式进行的，所以又叫“问答法问答法”。苏格拉底在教学生获得某种概念时，不是把这种概念

19、直接告诉学生，而是先向学生提出问题，让学生回答，如果学生回答错了，他也不直接纠正，而是提出另外的问题引导学生思考，从而一步一步得出正确的结论。它为启发式教学奠定了基础。26Michel Eyquem de Montaigne Michel Eyquem de Montaigne(French:mil ekm d mt;28 February 1533 13 September 1592)was one of the most influential writers of the French Renaissance,known for popularizing the essay as a l

20、iterary genre(文学体裁).Contributions:Essais 蒙田随笔 Montaignes Influence on Psychology Education on children（in a variety of ways.a student had to take the information and make it their own.）27Quotation It happens as one sees in cages.The birds outside despair of ever getting in;those inside are equally d

21、esirous of getting out.”婚姻好比鸟笼，外面的鸟想进进不去；里面的鸟儿想出出不来。蒙田 28 钱锺书的围城 婚姻是一座围城，城外的人想进去，城里的人想出来。29Francis Bacon Francis Bacon(22 January 1561 9 April 1626),was an English philosopher,statesman,scientist,jurist,orator,essayist,and author.He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England.Cont

22、ributions:学术的进展，1605年 新工具论，1620年 培根人生论 培根随笔30Quotation He was reputed one of the wise men(that made answer to the question when a man should marry:A young man not yet;an elder man not at all.”他同时借用了另一位先哲的言论来回答一个人应该什么时候结婚：年轻人不必急于结婚,年老人则根本 不该结婚。31Sir Richard Francis Burton Sir Richard Francis Burton (

23、19 March 1821 20 October 1890)was an English geographer,explorer,translator,writer，soldier,spy,linguist,poet.He was known for his travels and explorations within Asia,Africa and the Americas.According to one count,he spoke 29 European,Asian and African languages.Contributions:Personal Narrative of a

24、 Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and MeccahThe Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night32Quotation “One was never married,and thats his hell;another is,and thats his plague.”一个人从未 结婚,这是他的痛苦;另一个结了婚,这是他的灾难。33Samuel Pepys Samuel Pepys(February 1633 26 May 1703)was an English naval administrator and Member of P

25、arliament who is now most famous for his diary。He was the Chief Secretary to the Admiralty under both King Charles II and subsequently King James II.Contribution：佩皮斯日记(the Great Plague of London,the Great Fire of London）34Quotation Strange to say(what delight(we married people have)to see these poor

26、 folk decoyed into our condition.”我很奇怪当看到普通人被引诱着结婚而进入我现在的状况时，是什么使我们结过婚的人能高兴起来。35Jeremy Taylor Jeremy Taylor(1613 1667)was a cleric in the Church of England.He is sometimes known as the Shakespeare of Divines for his poetic style of expression.He is remembered in the Church of Englands calendar of sa

27、ints with a Lesser Festival on 13 August.Contributions:The Rule and Exercise of Holy Living 活得圣洁 The Rule and Exercise of Holy Dying死得崇高 36Quotation “Marriage,”he declared,“hath in it less of beauty and more of safety than the single life it hath more care but less danger;it is more merry and more s

28、ad;it is fuller of sorrows and fuller of joys.”与单身生活相比,婚姻里，美变少了，安全感增多了。互相的关心增多了，危险变少了。快乐和悲伤一样变多了，并且充满了悲痛和欢乐。37Sir Richard Steele Sir Richard Steele(12 March 1672 1 September 1729)was an Irish writer and politician,remembered as co-founder of the magazine The Spectator旁观者旁观者.Contributions：The Christi

29、an Hero The Funeral.The Tatler 闲谈者38Quotation The marriage state,(with and without the affection suitable to it),is the completest image of Heaven and Hell(we are capable of receiving in this life).”Paraphrase：The marriage state,whether there is love involved or not,is a combination of the happiness

30、 and misery we may encounter in life.39Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau(28 June 1712 2 July 1778)was a Genevan philosopher,writer,and composer of the 18th century.His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution as well as the overall development of modern political,sociological,

31、and educational thought.Contributions：On the Social Contract 社会契约论 mile爱弥儿 Confessions 忏悔录、Discourse on the Origin of Inequality 论不平等的起源40Quotation I have often thought,”he wrote,“that if only one could prolong the joy of love in marriage/we should have paradise on earth.That is a thing(which has ne

32、ver been)hitherto.”“我经常想如果有人可以把在婚姻里的爱的欢乐延长，那么我们在地球上就能享受天堂的快乐。但是这件事迄今为止都没有实现”41Samuel Johnson Samuel Johnson(18 September 1709 13 December 1784),was an English writer.Johnson was a devout Anglican and committed Tory(保守党员）保守党员）,and has been described as arguably the most distinguished man of letters i

33、n English history.He is the subject of the most famous single work of biographical art in the whole of literature:Contributions:The Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望的虚幻 A Dictionary of the English Language英语大辞典 A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland 苏格兰西部诸岛纪游 Lives of the Poets诗人传 Preface to the Play

34、s of William Shakespeare42“Sir,”he declared,“it is so far from being natural for a man and woman to live in a state of marriage that we find all the motives(which they have for remaining in that connexion)and the restraints(which civilised society imposes to prevent separation)are hardly sufficient

35、to keep them together.”“对于男女来说，结婚一点都不合适，而且我们发现，所有用来维系婚姻的动机和文明社会用来避免离婚的制约都不能使他们在一起”43How did the novelists and playwrights describe marriage in their works?(Paragraphs 8)The conventional novelists of the nineteenth century seldom described marriage after the wedding.Even when married people did appea

36、r in plays and novels later on,they usually seemed more and more miserable.44What attitudes do social reformers and thinkers and aesthetes hold towards marriage?Why?(Paragraphs 8)Social reformers tend to take an optimistic view towards marriage,while thinkers and aesthetes are on the pessimistic sid

37、e,thinking of marriage as full of miseries.Social reformers usually encourage people to get married by convincing them of the happiness of marriage,since marriage and family are the cornerstones of a stable society;while thinkers tend to analyze both the positive and negative sides of marriage,and a

38、esthetes strive for the perfection of marriage,so they focus more on its miserable side.45views on love and marriage46Victorian era By the Victorian era,the concept of pater familias,meaning the husband as head of the household and moral leader of his family,was firmly entrenched in British culture.

39、a.the angle in the house Virginia Woolf said killing the Angel in the House was part of the occupation of a woman writerb.the household general47 While some writers and artists showed sympathy towards womens subjugation to this double-standard,some works were didactic and reinforced the cultural nor

40、m.In the Victorian Era sex was something that was not discussed openly and honestly,public discussion of sexual encounters and matters were met with ignorance,embarrassment and fear.A public opinion of womens sexual desires was that they were not very troubled by sexual urges.Even if womens desires

41、were lurking,sexual experiences came with consequences for women and families.48 Limiting family sizes resulted in resisting sexual desires,except when a husband had desires which as a wife women were contracted to fulfill.Many people within the Victorian Era were“factually uninformed and emotionall

42、y frigid about sexual matters”.To discourage pre-marital sexual relations the New Poor Law argued that“women bear financial responsibilities for out-of-wedlock pregnancies”.In 1834 women were made legally and financially supportive of their illegitimate children.Sexual relations for women could not

43、just be about desire and feelings like men had the luxury of,the consequences that were associated with sexual interactions for women took away the physical desires that women could possess49Women were expected to have sex with only one man,their husband.However,it was acceptable for men to have mul

44、tiple partners in their life.;husbands participated in lengthy affairs with other women while women stayed with their husbands on the grounds that divorce was not an option.If women did have sexual contact with another man,they were seen as ruined or fallen.Victorian literature and art was full of e

45、xamples of women paying dearly for straying from moral expectations.Adulteresses met tragic ends in novels such as Anna Karenina by Tolstoy,Madame Bovary by Flaubert,while in Tess of the dUrbervilles,Thomas Hardy depicts a heroine punished by her community for losing her virginity before marriage(th

46、e novel is deliberately ambiguous as to whether the encounter was consensual or a rape).50 Rights and privileges of Victorian women were limited,and both single and married women had hardships and disadvantages they had to live with.Victorian women had disadvantages both financially and sexually,end

47、uring inequalities within their marriages and social statuses,distinct differences in men and womens rights took place during this Era.Providing men with more stability,financial status and power over their homes and women.Marriages for Victorian women became contracts,one which was extremely diffic

48、ult if not impossible to get out of during the Victorian era.Womens rights groups fought for equality and over time made strides to change rights and privileges,however,many Victorian women endured their husbands control,cruelty targeted against their wives;including sexual violence,verbal abuse and

49、 economic deprivation 5 and were given no way out.While husbands participated in affairs with other women wives endured infidelity as they had no rights to divorce on these grounds and their divorce was considered to be a social taboo51nowadays1.no marriage2.same-sex marriage52Same-sex marriageMarri

50、age equality53 Same-sex marriage(also known as gay marriage)is marriage between two people of the same biological sex and/or gender identity.Legal recognition of same-sex marriage or the possibility to perform a same-sex marriage is sometimes referred to as marriage equality or equal marriage,partic