大学生英语四六级翻译课件.ppt

1、大学英语六级翻译部分h主要内容主要内容n1.综述综述n2.样题分析样题分析n3.三大考点三大考点h综述综述n考试的最后一个阶段是翻译，考试的最后一个阶段是翻译，5 5分钟处理分钟处理5 5个句子。个句子。特点是：特点是：n一，考题只考查汉译英，没有英译汉。一，考题只考查汉译英，没有英译汉。n二，内容单纯，只是一般的短句翻译，没有大主二，内容单纯，只是一般的短句翻译，没有大主题语境，不需要专业理论知识。题语境，不需要专业理论知识。n三，名为翻译，实为补全句子，考查语法结构和三，名为翻译，实为补全句子，考查语法结构和词组运用知识。每句只涉及词组运用知识。每句只涉及1515个左右的英语词，个左右的英

2、语词，需添入的部分也只有需添入的部分也只有3 3到到8 8个单词，其中隐含着四个单词，其中隐含着四级水平考生应当掌握的句型、语法、词组知识点。级水平考生应当掌握的句型、语法、词组知识点。h样题分析样题分析187.The substance does not dissolve in water _（不管是否加热）。（不管是否加热）。n考查重点：考查重点：n从句知识：尤其让步状语从句，注意复习从句知识：尤其让步状语从句，注意复习whether or,though,no matter how等表法。等表法。n分词用法：注意辨别现在分词和过去分词，分词用法：注意辨别现在分词和过去分词，同时考虑动词被动

3、语态的运用。同时考虑动词被动语态的运用。h样题分析样题分析2n88.Not only _（他向我收（他向我收费过高），费过高），but he didnt do a good repair job either.n考查重点：考查重点：倒装句结构中的否定词前置现象。类似的知倒装句结构中的否定词前置现象。类似的知识点还要注意识点还要注意Never/Neither/Hardly/Scarcely等等否定词在句首的倒装情况。否定词在句首的倒装情况。h样题分析样题分析3n89.Your losses in trade this year are nothing _（与我的相比）。（与我的相比）。n考查重点

4、：考查重点：类似类似compare with以及名词形式以及名词形式in comparison with的词组或短语，其中固定搭配的词组或短语，其中固定搭配需要使用的介词副词非常重要。需要使用的介词副词非常重要。n分词形式：在句子中做修饰成分与前者构成分词形式：在句子中做修饰成分与前者构成主动被动关系至关重要。主动被动关系至关重要。h样题分析样题分析4n90.On average,it is said,visitors spend only _（一半的钱）（一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London.n考查重点：考查重点：比较结构：本句考查同级比较比较结构：本句考查

5、同级比较中的倍数关系，类似表达还有中的倍数关系，类似表达还有twice as much（many）ash样题分析样题分析5n91.By contrast,American mothers were more likely_（把孩子的成（把孩子的成功归因于）功归因于）natural talent.n考查重点：考查重点：动词词组，表示因果关系的动词词组，表示因果关系的attribute to。类似的词组。类似的词组contribute to表示表示有助于，对有助于，对做出贡献做出贡献.n类似的还有类似的还有lead to,result in,result from,be to blame for,

6、be responsible fon此外，不要忽略此外，不要忽略be likely to 表示表示容易容易、可能可能等意义，稍不小心就会把等意义，稍不小心就会把to漏掉。漏掉。h结论：结论：n 根据近几年的翻译真题来看，针对根据近几年的翻译真题来看，针对某项语某项语法重复考察率法重复考察率比较高，所以对曾经考察过比较高，所以对曾经考察过的语法点依然不可松懈。的语法点依然不可松懈。n以下就这些以下就这些重点语法项目重点语法项目分类归纳。分类归纳。h三大考点：三大考点：nI.I.语法结构语法结构(grammar)(grammar)nII.II.固定搭配固定搭配(set structures)(se

7、t structures)nIII.III.重点单词重点单词(key words)(key words)hI.I.语法结构语法结构(grammar)(grammar)n考察的语法点：考察的语法点：nA.倒装句型和强调句倒装句型和强调句nB.虚拟语气虚拟语气nC.非谓语动词（分词、动名词、不定式）非谓语动词（分词、动名词、不定式）nD.从句从句(状语从句、定语从句、主语从句状语从句、定语从句、主语从句)nE.比较结构（比较级，比较状语从句）比较结构（比较级，比较状语从句）nF.情态动词和将来完成时情态动词和将来完成时 nG.被动语态被动语态hA.倒装句型倒装句型n(4级级2008.6)n91：_

8、(直到他完成使命直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.n91.Not until he accomplished/finished the mission n(4级级2010.6)n88.The manager never laughed;neither _(她也从来没有发过脾气她也从来没有发过脾气)88.did she lose temperh常用句型（以倒装方式给出）常用句型（以倒装方式给出）n 以此类推，掌握如下以此类推，掌握如下 Not only.but also So(Such)that.Not until.Neither.

9、nor.Hardly.when.No sooner than.Only by/through/in.,.hA.倒装句型和强调句倒装句型和强调句(语法）语法）n1.当当“only+状语状语”位于句首表示强调时位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。nOnly when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.nOnly in this way can we catch up with the worlds adva

10、nced levels in science and technology.hA.倒装句型倒装句型(语法）语法）n真题：真题：(6级级07.6)83.Only in the small town _(他才感到安全和他才感到安全和放松放松).n其他如：其他如：nonly then；n only once；nonly in AmericaChinanonly after the accident等。等。hn2.never等具有否定意义的词等具有否定意义的词或词组或词组居于句首时居于句首时用倒装。用倒装。nNot only was Churchill a statesman,but also a p

11、oet.nNever in all my life have I heard such nonsense.n（6级级2007.12）The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不应该对法庭说谎他都不应该对法庭说谎)nshould he lie to the court.h（6级级2006.12）_(直到截止日他才寄出直到截止日他才寄出)his application form.nNot until the deadline did he send(out)n这类词或词组常用的有：这类词或词组常用的有：nnever,seldom,ra

12、rely,little,hardly,scarcely,not until,by no means,under no circumstances,under no condition,in no way(决不决不),in no case(决不决不),neither(nor),no sooner(than),hardly(when),barely(仅仅仅，几乎不仅，几乎不),on no account,in no circumstances(决不决不),not a bit,nowhere,not onlybut also等。等。hn3.the more,the more结构中的倒装。结构中的倒装

13、。nThe more knowledge students have about the school,the easier it will be for them to adapt to the new environment.n真题：真题：（2006.6）90.nThe more you explain,_(我愈糊涂我愈糊涂).nthe more confused I amhn强调句强调句n(6级级2007.1）_(直到截止日他才寄直到截止日他才寄出出)his application form.nIt was not until the deadline that he sent(out)

14、nIt is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that/whon这个结构，需要注意以下几点：这个结构，需要注意以下几点：n强调句中的系动词除强调句中的系动词除isis和和waswas之外，没有其他形式之外，没有其他形式变化变化;n被强调部分如果是人，可以用被强调部分如果是人，可以用who,who,也可以用也可以用that,that,其他情况用其他情况用that(that(常识性知识，一般不能作为考点常识性知识，一般不能作为考点)。n在在notuntilnotuntil句型里，如果强调由句型里，如果强调由untiluntil所引导的所引导的时间状语时，时间状语时，notnot须跟在须跟在until

15、until之前，即构成之前，即构成It is It is not untilthatnot untilthat结构。结构。h强调句强调句nIt is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation.nIt is because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.n注意：注意：强调的如果是强调的如果是原因状语从句，只能由原因状语从句，只能由because引导引导，不能由，不能由s

16、ince,as或或why引导。引导。nIt was not until the second year that he has adapted himself to the college life.h6级真题练习级真题练习n（6级样题）级样题）76.The customer complained that no sooner _(他刚试着使用这台机器他刚试着使用这台机器,它就不运转了它就不运转了).n76.had he tried to use the machine than it stopped workingn（6级级06.12)76._(直到截止日他才寄出直到截止日他才寄出)his

17、application form.n76.Not until the deadline did he send out n(6级级07.6)83.Only in the small town _(他才他才感到安全和放松感到安全和放松).n83.does he feel secure and relaxedh6级真题练习级真题练习n（6级级07.12）86.The witness was told that under no circumstances _(他都不应该对法庭说谎他都不应该对法庭说谎).n86.should he lie to the court/is he allowed to

18、lie to the courtn(08.66级级)85.Never once _(老老两口互相争吵两口互相争吵)since they were married 40 years ago.n have the old couple quarreled with each otherh6级真题练习级真题练习n（6级级09.12）86.Much _(我感到遗我感到遗憾憾),I was unable to finish the work on time.n86.regretful did I feeln（6级级10.6）84.He assured his friend that under no c

19、ircumstances _(他会违他会违背还钱的承诺背还钱的承诺).n84.would he break his promise to pay the money back.hB.虚拟语气虚拟语气n虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：n1.(should)+动词原形的情形动词原形的情形n2.if或或but for等引导的条件句等引导的条件句n3.wish,if onlyn4.it is time的用法的用法hn在表示在表示“命令命令”、“建议建议”、“要求要求”动词后的宾语从句中动词后的宾语从句中。n要求：要求：ask,desire,request,demand,requ

20、ire,begn提议、劝告、建议：提议、劝告、建议：propose,suggest,recommend,advise,n决定、命令：决定、命令：decide,ordern主张：主张：maintain,urgen同意、坚持：同意、坚持：consent,insistnShe insisted that the seats(should)be booked in advance.nHe advised that the doctor(should)be sent for.虚拟语气虚拟语气-1.hn真题真题n（4级级2006.6）nThe professor required that _(我们交研我

21、们交研究报告究报告)。nwe hand in our research report(s)n(4级级10.6)90.nIt is suggested that the air conditioner _(要安装在窗户旁要安装在窗户旁)。n90.be installed near the window虚拟语气虚拟语气-1.h虚拟语气虚拟语气-2.n在在advice,demand,order,necessity,resolution,decision,proposal,requirement,suggestion,idea,recommendation,request,plan,等名词后等名词后的

22、的同位语从句或表语从句同位语从句或表语从句中（上面中（上面v.对应的对应的n.)nHe issued the order that the troops(should)withdraw at once.nI make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.hn在形容词在形容词important,necessary,imperative,natural,urgent,essential,appropriate,desirable,vital,advisable,preferable,incredible以及短语以及短语no wond

23、er,a pity等可以构成等可以构成“It is+形容词（名词）形容词（名词）+that”句型中句型中。nIt is necessary that some immediate effort(should)be made.n真题真题n(10.6)90 It is suggested that the air conditioner _(要安装在窗户旁要安装在窗户旁)。n90.be installed near the windown（6级级2007.6）It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利被剥夺了受教育的权利).nT

24、hese children(should)be deprived of the right to receive education.虚拟语气虚拟语气-3.hn在在for fear that,in case,lest引导的目的状语从句中，引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气，从句谓语为若用虚拟语气，从句谓语为 should+动词原形动词原形,且且 should不能省略不能省略.nShe examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.nHe started out earlier lest he should be lat

25、e.n真题（真题（4级）级）n(08.12)89.Youd better take a sweater with you_(以防天气变冷以防天气变冷)n 89.in case it(should)turn cold.虚拟语气虚拟语气-4.h虚拟语气虚拟语气-5.nif或或but for等引导的条件句等引导的条件句 条件从句条件从句结果主句结果主句与现在事实相与现在事实相反反动词过去式动词过去式(be(be动词用动词用were)were)would+would+动词原形动词原形与过去事实相与过去事实相反反had+had+过去分词过去分词(had(had done)done)would have

26、donewould have done与将来事实相与将来事实相反反一般过去时一般过去时/were+/were+不定不定式式/should+/should+动词原形动词原形would/should+would/should+动动词原形词原形hnHe wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.(.(与现与现在事实相反）在事实相反）nThe conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations.(.(与过去事实相反）与过去事实相反）nIf it snow

27、ed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow,I should(would)stay at home.(与将来事实相反与将来事实相反)nbut for=if it were not for/if it had not been forlnBut for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.虚拟语气虚拟语气-5.h虚拟语气虚拟语气-6.n动词动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气后的宾语从句用虚拟语气 nI wish she were here.nI wish you would go with

28、 us tomorrow.nI wish she had taken my advice.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反werewere或动词的一般过去式或动词的一般过去式与过去事实相反与过去事实相反had donehad done或或would/could have would/could have donedone将来没有把握或不太可能实现将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望的愿望would/should(could,might)+would/should(could,might)+动词原形动词原形h虚拟语气虚拟语气-7.nif only后用虚拟语气（要是后用虚拟语气（要是就太好了）就太好了）n

29、If only she had known where to find you.nIf only I could speak several foreign languages!现在没有实现的愿望现在没有实现的愿望一般过去式一般过去式过去没有实现的愿望过去没有实现的愿望过去完成式过去完成式hnIt is(high/about)time that+主语主语+动词的过去动词的过去式式/should+动词原形动词原形，表示，表示“早该做某事了早该做某事了”。nIt is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.nIt is high tim

30、e you should go to work.n真题练习真题练习虚拟语气虚拟语气-8.hn（6级级08.6）83.Mary couldnt have received my letter,_.（否则她上周就该回信了）。（否则她上周就该回信了）。n83.otherwise,she would have replied to me last weekn(6级级09.12)84.The manager _(本可以本可以亲自参加会议亲自参加会议),but he was called away for some urgent business abroad.n84.could have attende

31、d the meeting in person(by himself)n（6级级10.6）85.Most educators advise that kids _(不要沉溺于电脑游戏不要沉溺于电脑游戏).85.should not be absorbed in PC games.虚拟语气虚拟语气-6级真题级真题h虚拟语气虚拟语气-6级真题级真题n(6级样题级样题)72.It was essential that _(我们在月我们在月底前签订合同底前签订合同).n72.we sign the contract before the end of the monthn（6级级06.12）72.If

32、 you had _(听从了我的听从了我的忠告忠告,你就不会陷入麻烦你就不会陷入麻烦).n72.followed my advice/suggestion,you would not have been/put yourself in trouble.n（6级级07.12）82 But for mobile phones,_(我们我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便).n82.our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient.hC.非谓语动词非谓语动词n分词分词四级真题四级真题4个个n（0

33、6.6）87 Having spent some time in the city,he had no trouble _(找到去历史博物找到去历史博物馆的路馆的路).n87.finding the way to the history museumn(08.6)90_,（与我成长的地方相比），（与我成长的地方相比），this town is more prosperous and exciting.n90.Compared with the place where I grew upn注意注意:答案中除过去分词（答案中除过去分词（compared with）做）做伴随外，还含有伴随外，还含有

34、where引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。h分词分词六级真题六级真题2个个（6级级07.6）82.The auto manufacturers found themselves _(正在同外国公司竞争市正在同外国公司竞争市场的份额场的份额)peting with overseas/foreign companies for market sharen（6级级10.6）86.Business major as he is,he has _(从未考虑过从事推销员工作从未考虑过从事推销员工作).n86.never considered working as a salesman/to do sale

35、s work.h动名词动名词真题真题2题题n（6级级09.6）83._(保持幽默有助于保持幽默有助于)reduce stress and promote creative thinking in todays competitive society.n83.Keeping a sense of humor helpshn（6级样题）级样题）75.The workmen think _(遵守遵守安全规则很重要安全规则很重要).n75.it very important to comply withfollow the safety regulations（形式宾语）（形式宾语）n（6级级09.6

36、）86.She has decided to go on a diet,but finds _(很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑).n86.it hard to resist the temptation of ice cream（形式（形式宾语）宾语）n（6级级09.12）83.The theory he advanced has proved _(对许多传统概念的一种挑战对许多传统概念的一种挑战).n83.to be a challenge to many traditional concepts 不定式不定式六级真题六级真题3个个hD.从句从句na.定语从句定语从句nb.状语从句

37、状语从句nc.主语从句主语从句nd.其他从句其他从句ha.定语从句定语从句6级真题级真题3个个n(08.6)82.We can say a lot of things about those_（毕生致力于诗歌的人毕生致力于诗歌的人）;they are passionate,impulsive,and unique.n82.who dedicate/devote/contribute their whole life to poemsn(08.12)83.It was very dark,but Mary seemed to _(本能地知道该走哪条路。本能地知道该走哪条路。)n83.know w

38、hich way to take instinctively.n（10.6）83.Before you take any action,please remember to _(权衡你的决定会产生的后果权衡你的决定会产生的后果).83.weigh and consider the consequences which your action may produce.hb.状语从句状语从句4级真题级真题n（07.12）89.I am going to pursue this course,_(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(no matter引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语

39、从句)nno matter at what expense(cost)/nNo matter what sacrifice I have to pay/makenno matter what I have to sacrifice(pay)/would have to sacrifice(pay)n(08.6）89.Leaving ones job,_,（不管是什么工作不管是什么工作）,is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring.n89.whatever job it is/no matter what j

40、ob it ishc.（语法）主语从句（语法）主语从句n主要由主要由that,what,whether,howthat,what,whether,how以及其它词引导，还有以及其它词引导，还有就是由代词就是由代词itit作形式主语。作形式主语。That he survived the accident is a miracle.注意注意：尽管尽管thatthat并没有实际含义，但是他起到引导主并没有实际含义，但是他起到引导主语从句的功能，语从句的功能，在这里不可或缺。在这里不可或缺。What he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no valu

41、e or importance.How he managed to finish the job is of interest to us all.Whether the results will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towards it.注意注意：whetherwhether引导的主语从句位于句首时，引导的主语从句位于句首时，whetherwhether不能由不能由ifif代替。代替。真题真题hc.主语从句主语从句4级真题级真题2个个n(08.12)88._(大多数父母所关心的大多数父母所关心的)is proving the

42、 best education possible for their children.n88.What most parents concernn（09.6）90._(很多人所没有意识到的很多人所没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports,and football in particular。n90：What most people havent realizedhn（6级级08.12）86.nYour resume should attract a would-be bosss attention by demonstrating _(为为什么你是某

43、个特定职位的最佳人选什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选)。n86.why you would be the best candidate.n（6级级09.12）82.nHow long does a jacket like this last?_(这要看你多长时间穿一次这要看你多长时间穿一次).82.It depends on how often you wear itc.其他从句其他从句4级真题级真题2个个hn（6级级07.12）83.In handling an embarrassing situation,_(没有什么比幽默更有帮助的了没有什么比幽默更有帮助的了).n83.nothing i

44、s more helpful than humor/a sense of humorn（6级级07.12）85.Human behavior is mostly a product of learning,_(而动物的行为主要依靠本能而动物的行为主要依靠本能).n85.while animal behavior depends mainly upon(或或on)their instinct(s)（比较状语从句）（比较状语从句）n(6级级08.12)85.Older adults who have a high level of daily activities have more energy

45、 and _(与不那么活跃的人相比死亡率要低与不那么活跃的人相比死亡率要低)。n85.a lower death rate compared with relatively inactive people E.比较结构比较结构-6级真题级真题3题题hn（6级级08.6）84.Nancy is supposed to_（做完化学实验）（做完化学实验）at least two weeks ago.n84.have finished the chemistry experimentn（6级级09.6）85.When people say,“I can feel my ears burning,”it

46、 means they think _(一定有人在说他们坏话一定有人在说他们坏话).n85.there must be someone who is speaking ill of themF.情态动词和将来完成时情态动词和将来完成时6级级2个个hG.被动语态被动语态n（06.6）91.Though a skilled worker,_(他被公司解雇了他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.n 91.he was fired by the companyn(6级级06.12)73.With tears on her face,the l

47、ady _(看着她受伤的儿看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室子被送进手术室).n73.watched her injured son being sent into the surgery/operation room.hG.被动语态被动语态n(6级级06.12)74.After the terrorist attack,tourists _(被劝告暂时不被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游要去该国旅游).n 74.were(have been)suggested/advised not to travel to that country at the moment.（跟（跟双宾语动词的被动语态）双宾语动词的被

48、动语态）n（6级级07.6）84.It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教被剥夺了受教育的权利育的权利).n84.be deprived of the right to receive education/be denied the right to receive educationhII.II.固定搭配固定搭配(set structures)(set structures)n尤其是动介词词组，如尤其是动介词词组，如adapt to.,have trouble doing，be likely to do.,attribute t

49、o.等类似样等类似样式。式。真题真题n(06.12)87.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to_(适应不同文化中的生活适应不同文化中的生活)n87.adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures.n(06.12)91The nations population continues to rise_(以每年以每年12001200万人的速度万人的速度)n91.at a speed/rate of 12 million per year/nat an ann

50、ual speed of 12 millionhn(6级大纲样题级大纲样题)73.To our delight,she_(进大学一个月就适应了校园生活进大学一个月就适应了校园生活).n73.adapted(herself)to campus life a month after entering collegen74.The new government was accused_(未实现其降低失业率的承诺未实现其降低失业率的承诺).n74.of failure to fulfill its promise to reduce the unemployment raten（6级级06.12）75