医学词汇构词法iV课件.ppt

1、 By Wang Lanying Foreign Language DepartmentThe Formation of Medical Vocabulary医学词汇构词法iV1 A Course of Learning English for Medical PurposesI.Target1.Mastering medical language:vocabulary and discourse level learning2.Practical application of medical communication:speaking and writing with ML医学词汇构词法i

2、V2I.Target3.Nurture the sense of stylistic researchII.Methodology 1.Acquire the knowledge of word formation2.Understand the medical language traits through reading3.Observe and summarize the stylistic features4.Active and energetic learning under the teachers guide医学词汇构词法iV3III.Course Arrangement1.7

3、2 Teaching periods,4/week2.Eight Units this term3.Required course and exam4.Term achievements:based on assignments,quiz,class response,and final exam dynamically医学词汇构词法iV4 Davi-Ellen Chamber says:Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language.The words at first sound strange and c

4、omplicated although they may stand for commonly known English terms.The words gastralgia,meaning“stomach ache”,and ophthalmologist,meaning e y e d o c t o r ,a r e e x a m p l e s.The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term,complex or simple,can be broken down into its basic comp

5、onent parts and then understood.What is medical language?医学词汇构词法iV5Basic elements of medical wordsMost medical words are made from a combination of the following elements:the part of the word that we shall call the base(root/stem)because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word,prefixes

6、 and suffixes,and vowels(o/a)that join all these parts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45letters)医学词汇构词法iV6Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust.医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptoms include hyperventilation

7、,coughing,dysphonia(发声困难),anorexia(厌食),chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis 医学词汇构词法iV7Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology.1.To analyze words structurally.Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots,suffixes,prefixes,combining vowels,

8、and combining forms.gastr /o/enter/o/logyrootrootsuffixCombining form医学词汇构词法iV8Electr/o/cardi/o/gramrootrootroot心电图医学词汇构词法iV9Combining formsprefixessuffixescyt/o :cellderm/o :skinbi/o :lifeaden/o :glandarthr/o:jointnephr/o :kidneyhepat/o:liverleuk/o :whiteoste/o:boneepi-:abovemulti-:manypoly-:manyex

9、-:outendo-:insidetrans-:acrosshyper-:excessivehypo-:deficient-emia :blood condition-ectomy:excision-gram:record-cyte:cell-scope:instrument fro visually exam-itis:inflammation-ist:person specialized in-logy:process of study-oma:tumor-osis:abnormal condition-tomy:cutting医学词汇构词法iV102.To correlate an un

10、derstanding of word elements with the basic anatomy,physiology,and disease processes of the human body.Such as hemat/o/logy means the study of the blood.3.To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems.Hepatoma:tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤Hematoma:blood tumor 血肿医学词汇构词法iV11OncologyNephrolo

11、gyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy:process of cutting upgastrectomy:removal of the stomacharthrotomy:incision of a jointleukemia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白细胞增多Necrosis 坏死Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多The Roles of Pronunciation医学词汇构词法iV12Medical Termin

12、ology Systems Organs Tissues CellsEndocrine syst.Reproductive syst.Mastery of Medical Words医学词汇构词法iV13OrgansTissuesCells医学词汇构词法iV14Distribution of vocabulary in medical literatureEssential voc.Popular science voc.Medical terms医学词汇构词法iV15The 2nd category(15%):hepatitis,appendicitis,encephalopathy,imm

13、unodeficiency syndromeThe 3rd category(15%):distill,dilute,dissolve,filtration,magnetization,dynamics,meteorology,pigmentation The 1st category 70%:comment,investigate,studyDistribution of vocabulary医学词汇构词法iV16Medical Terminology I.Conversion II.derivativeIII.Compoundingopportunist 条件致病菌physiology/-

14、ist/-gic asymptoma atic antivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis 放射免疫电泳医学词汇构词法iV17 I.Conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇；opportunist;sympathetic block 交感神经阻滞术,sympathetic nerve,sympathomimetic 拟交感神经药；capsule 胶囊药,被膜 Reservoir 贮主(zhu)To protect trachea from collapsing the uncompromised host 不易受感染的宿主 space occupyi

15、ng lesion 占位性病变医学词汇构词法iV18Derivatives Prefix:ir-il-im-mis-irregularity,irresistable illegal,illiterate immature immobile immodest immorality misbehavior mislead misfortune misstate mismanage医学词汇构词法iV19 Prefix Dis/dys-dishonest dysphonia disorder dyspnea disease in-inexperienced insufficiency inadequ

16、ate inactivated医学词汇构词法iV20un-unconditioned reflex 非条件反射undifferentiated cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸unstable angina 不稳定型心绞痛 医学词汇构词法iV21 none-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstress testnonulcer dyspepsianonspecific immunitynonsense mutationnonself 非抽烟者 非电解质

17、 无应激实验 非溃疡性消化不良 非特异性免疫 无义突变 非自我的医学词汇构词法iV22 ex-exclusion excretion exhale ex-president ex-wife exclude 排斥 排泄 呼气 前总统 前妻 排除在外医学词汇构词法iV23 Suffix:n.reliance resistance existence coldness consciousness decision collision inclusion treatment encouragement Adj.generous continuous miscellaneous congenital c

18、onspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially 医学词汇构词法iV24 V.-en.(a.+en)whiten widen fasten(tie)lengthen shorten worsen weaken brighten lighten -al n.survival refusal arrival proposal withdrawal removal(but not:compose,compromise)医学词汇构词法iV25Compounds Roots Organs and their rootsliver

19、hepato/a-lung pulmono-kidney reno-/nephro-heart cardio-nerve neuro-spleen splen(o)brain cerebro-head cephal(o)eye ophthalm/skin dermo-ear oto-(otology)chest thorac/o-arteri/o artery vaso vessel医学词汇构词法iV26 nose naso-/nasoantritis 鼻上颌窦炎 throat laryngo-Laryngitis 喉炎 Pharynx 咽 Pharyng(o)-Pharyngectomy 咽

20、切除 描述人体器官方位：Anterior anterior band of colon 结肠前带 posterior posterior teeth 后牙 superior superior vena cava 上腔静脉 inferior inferior thyroid artery 甲状腺下动脉医学词汇构词法iV27 inter-(between)interatrial 房间的 intra-(inside)intracellular endo-(intra-)endocarditis poly-(many,much)polyarthritis multi-(many,much)-multi

21、cuspid 多尖的 hyper-(high,extra)hypertension hypo-(low,less)hypotension homo-(same)homolateral同侧的 homograft hetero-(different)heteroantigen 异种抗原 dys-(not)dysplasia发育不良医学词汇构词法iV28 dyspnea 呼吸困难 dysphonia 发声困难 counter-对抗，抑制 countercurrent 逆流 counterbalance 等衡 psycho-精神/心理 psychology psychiatry psychobiolo

22、gy thrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎Thromboendocarditis血栓性心内膜炎 meningo-脑膜，脑脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis 脑脊膜脑脊髓炎医学词汇构词法iV29 lympho-lymphocytopenia 淋巴细胞减少 radio-radionuclide-angiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影术 immuno-immunosuppression electro-electrosynthesis 电合成 staphylo-葡萄，悬雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素 staphy

23、loplasty 悬雍垂成形术医学词汇构词法iV30 Strepto-Streptococcus Streptomycin Osteo bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤 Lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lumbocostal 腰肋的 Suffix:-itis(inflammation)hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis endocarditis panarthritis 多发性关节炎 医学词汇构词法iV31-ectomy(removal)splenectomy

24、 appendectomy pharyngectomy-graphy（照像术）cephalography 测颅术 cardiography 心动描记法-gram 照片 cardiogram 心动图-scope(glass)ophthalmoscope stethoscope microscope telescope microscope telescope医学词汇构词法iV32-cyte(cell)leukocyte myocyte-coccus 球菌球菌 staphylococci 葡萄球菌 meningococci pneumococci streptococci-logy(science

25、)Psychology Sociology Pathology Pharmacology -ist (scientist)Physiologist-cian physician,pediatrician technician医学词汇构词法iV33 clinician-oma(neoplasm)瘤 hepatoarcinoma adenoma 腺瘤-emia-imia血症 leukemia lipidemia 脂血症 erythroblastemia 成红细胞血症 -pathy(disease)pathophysiology myopathy 肌病-osis 异常，增多 leukocytosis

26、 erythroblastosis 成红细胞增多 -ia (condition)otitis media otoneuralgia 耳神经痛医学词汇构词法iV34 hypogammaglobulinemia cytomegalovirus mononuclear leukocytosis osteomyelitis encephalitis meningitis 低丙种球蛋白血症 细胞巨化病毒 单核细胞增多 白细胞增多,骨髓炎 脑炎 脑膜炎Test Yourselves医学词汇构词法iV35PoliomyelitisImmunocytochemistryImmunosuppressionLymphoproliferative syndromesLymphoangiologyLymphangiotomylymphangiosarcoma 脊髓灰质炎 免疫细胞化学 免疫抑制 淋巴细胞增生性 综合症 淋巴管学 淋巴管切开术 淋巴管肉瘤医学词汇构词法iV36Thank you for your attention !医学词汇构词法iV37