医学英语疾病介绍-gastriccarcinoma胃癌课件.ppt

1、医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌1IntroductionDescription 概述概述Classification 分类分类Causes 病因病因Symptoms 症状症状Pathlogical Changes 病变病变Exams and Tests临床检查临床检查Treatment 治疗治疗Outlook(Prognosis)预后预后Prevention 预防预防医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌2 Gastric Cancer refers to cancer arising from any part of the stomach.Stomach

2、 cancer causes about 800,000 deaths worldwide per year.Gastric Carcinoma is the most common cause of death in malignant tumors of alimentary system in China.Description-Definitioncarcinomak:sinum n.carcinomak:sinum n.癌癌malignantmalignantmlinnt adj.mlinnt adj.恶性的恶性的alimentarylimentri adj.alimentaryli

3、mentri adj.消化的消化的医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌3 Location:mainly along the gastric lesser curvature side(80.3%),predominantly in the antrum(56.4%)A higher incidence in males than females with a ratio of 2:13:1.It usually appears in fourth and sixth decade of life.This form of gastric cancer is very comm

4、on in Japan,Chile,and Iceland.Description-Features gastric lesser curvature(gastric lesser curvature(k:vt,-t k:vt,-t)side)side 胃小弯侧胃小弯侧predominantlypredominantlyprdmnntl adv.prdmnntl adv.大部分，多半大部分，多半AntrumAntrumntrm n.ntrm n.窦，腔，房窦，腔，房incidenceinsidns n.incidenceinsidns n.发病率发病率 医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarci

5、noma胃癌4Stomach cancer world map-Death WHO(世界卫生组织)2004Age-standardised death rates(年龄标准化死亡率)from Stomach cancer by country(per 100,000 inhabitants(居民).Description-Features医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌5Several different types of cancer can occur in the stomach.The most common type is called adenocarcinom

6、a,which starts from one of the common cell types found in the lining of the stomach.Classificationadenocarcinomaadenocarcinomadinudinuk:sinum n.k:sinum n.腺癌腺癌the lining(the lining(衬里衬里,内层内层)of)of the stomach:the stomach:胃壁胃壁MesenchymalmesekimMesenchymalmesekiml adj.l adj.间叶细胞的间叶细胞的,间充质间充质的的 Gastric

7、cancer胃恶性肿瘤Gastric carcinoma(Adenocarcinoma)95%(arising from the epithelium来源于上皮组织)胃腺癌Gastric sarcoma5%(Arising from Mesenchymal tissue来源于间叶组织)胃肉瘤（教材未提及）医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌6 Adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a common cancer of the digestive tract worldwide,The rate of most types of gastric ade

8、nocarcinoma has gone down over the years.Experts think the decrease may be because people are eating less salted,cured,and smoked foods.ClassificationDigestive tractDigestive tract：消化道：消化道SaltedSalted：盐腌的：盐腌的CuredCured：熟化的，熏制的：熟化的，熏制的SmokedSmoked：烟熏过的：烟熏过的医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌7CausesYou are mor

9、e likely to get gastric cancer if you:Have a family history of gastric cancer Have an infection of the stomach by bacteria called Helicobacter pylori Had a polyp larger than 2 centimeters in your stomach Bacteria:Bacteria:bktiri n.bktiri n.细菌细菌HelicobacterHelicobacterhelikbkt helikbkt【医医】缠绕杆菌属缠绕杆菌属

10、pylori pail:rai n.pylori pail:rai n.幽门幽门 -Helicobacter pylori:Helicobacter pylori:幽门螺杆菌幽门螺杆菌PolypPolypplip n.plip n.息肉息肉 医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌8 Have inflammation and swelling of the stomach for a long time(chronic atrophic gastritis)Have pernicious anemia SmokeCausesInflammation:Inflammation:nf

11、lmen n.nflmen n.医医 炎症炎症Swelling:Swelling:swel n.swel n.肿胀肿胀 chronic atrophicchronic atrophictrfik trfik gastritis gastritisgstrats gstrats:慢性萎缩性胃炎慢性萎缩性胃炎perniciousperniciouspns pns anemia anemiani:mi:ni:mi:恶性贫血恶性贫血医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌9 Abdominal fullness(腹胀)or pain(疼痛),which may occur after ea

12、t a small meal Dark stools(黑便)Difficulty swallowing(吞咽困难),which becomes worse over time Excessive belching(嗳气/打嗝儿过度)General decline in health(全身健康机能减退)SymptomsAbdominal:Abdominal:bdmnl adj.bdmnl adj.腹部的腹部的 Belch:Belch:belt v.belt v.打嗝，嗳气打嗝，嗳气Decline:Decline:diklain n.diklain n.衰退衰退 嗳嗳 i:打嗝儿，胃里的气从嘴里出

13、来，并发出声音。打嗝儿，胃里的气从嘴里出来，并发出声音。医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌10 Loss of appetite(食欲缺乏)Nausea(恶心)Vomiting,which may contain blood(呕血)Weakness or fatigue(疲劳)Weight loss(体重减轻)SymptomsAppetite:Appetite:pitait n.pitait n.胃口，食欲胃口，食欲Nausea:Nausea:n:zi:,-,-si:,-n.n:zi:,-,-si:,-n.作呕；作呕；恶心；恶心；反胃反胃 Vomit:Vomit:vmit v

14、t.&vi.vmit vt.&vi.呕吐呕吐 Fatigue:Fatigue:fti:g n.fti:g n.疲劳疲劳 医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌11Early gastric cancer:早期胃癌 The cancer have not invaded the muscularis propria(肌层)and are therefore limited to the mucosa(黏膜层)and submucosa(黏膜下层).Advance gastric carcinoma:进展期胃癌 The cancer have invaded the muscular

15、is propria or even further and beyond the mucosa and submucosa.Pathlogical ChangesInvadeInvade:inveid vt.&vi.:inveid vt.&vi.侵入侵入 MuscularisMuscularis:mskjulris:mskjulris肌层肌层 MucosaMucosa:mju:kus n.:mju:kus n.黏膜层黏膜层 PropriaPropria:固有层固有层 医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌12 Protruded type(型 隆起型)Superficial t

16、ype(型 表浅型)Superficial elevated type (a型 表浅隆起型)Superficial flat type (b型 表浅平坦型)Superficial depressed type (c型 表浅凹陷型)Excavated type(型 凹陷型)Pathlogical ChangesProtrude:prtru:d vt.Protrude:prtru:d vt.使突出使突出 Superficial:sju:pfil adj.Superficial:sju:pfil adj.表面（上）的表面（上）的 Excavate:ekskvet vt.Excavate:ekskve

17、t vt.挖掘；挖掘；开凿开凿 医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌13(1)息肉型或蕈伞型 polypoid or fungating type(2)溃疡型 Ulcerative type(3)浸润型 Infiltrating type进展期胃癌进展期胃癌大体类型大体类型 Pathlogical ChangesPolypoid:plipidPolypoid:plipid息肉样息肉样 Fungating:fngeit Fungating:fngeit 医医 真菌样生长真菌样生长 Ulcerative:lsrtiv adj.Ulcerative:lsrtiv adj.溃疡（性）的

18、溃疡（性）的 Infiltrating:nfltret v.Infiltrating:nfltret v.（使）渗透（使）渗透 医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌14A suspicious stomach ulcer that was ultimately diagnosed as cancer on biopsy(baipsi 活检)and resected(ri(:)sektid 切除).The surgical specimen(spesimn 外科手术样本)was subsequently(sbsikwntli 随后，后来)kept for educational

19、purposes.Pathlogical ChangesAdenocarcinoma of the stomach (dinuk:sinum 腺癌)隶属溃疡型进展期胃癌，伴有溃疡形成的胃癌有时需与消化性溃疡鉴别医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌15Endoscopic(endskpik 内窥镜)image of linitis(linaitis胃蜂窝织炎)plastica(plstik 塑料的),a type of stomach cancer where the entire stomach is invaded,leading to a leather(le 皮革)bot

20、tle-like appearance with blood coming out of it.Pathlogical ChangesLinitis plastica Linitis plastica 革囊胃革囊胃 隶属浸润型进展期胃癌医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌16 Diagnosis is often delayed(被推迟)because symptoms may not occur in the early stages of the disease(疾病早期阶段).Or,patients may self-treat symptoms(自己治疗出现的一些症状)

21、that gastric cancer has in common with other,less serious gastrointestinal disorders(相对不那么严重的胃肠道疾病)(bloating(胃气胀),heartburn(胃灼热),and a sense of fullness(腹胀感).Exams and TestsGastrointestinalGastrointestinalgstruintestnl gstruintestnl disordersdisorders胃肠道病症胃肠道病症BloatingBloatingbltblt胃气胀胃气胀HeartburnHe

22、artburnh:tb:nh:tb:n胃灼热胃灼热医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌17The following tests can help diagnose gastric cancer:Complete blood count(CBC)to check for anemia Esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)with biopsy to examine the stomach tissue Stool test to check for blood in the stoolsExams and TestsComplete blood cou

23、nt(CBC)to check for anemia:Complete blood count(CBC)to check for anemia:贫血时检查全血细胞计数贫血时检查全血细胞计数EsophagoEsophagoasfg asfg/gastrogastrogstr gstr/duodenoduodenodju:udi:n dju:udi:n/scopy(EGD):/scopy(EGD):食道、胃、十二指肠镜检查食道、胃、十二指肠镜检查Stool test to check for blood in the stools:Stool test to check for blood in

24、the stools:大便中带血时检查粪便大便中带血时检查粪便医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌18Surgery to remove the stomach(gastrectomy)is the only treatment that can cure the condition.Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may help.For many patients,chemotherapy and radiation therapy after surgery may improve the chance of a cure(提高治愈的

25、可能性).For patients who cannot have surgery,chemotherapy or radiation can improve symptoms and may prolong survival(延长生存时间),but will likely not cure the cancer.For some patients,a surgical bypass procedure(外科旁路手术)may relieve symptoms(减轻症状).TreatmentGastrectomy:Gastrectomy:strektmi strektmi 胃切除术胃切除术Rad

26、iationRadiationreidiein reidiein therapy:therapy:放疗放疗ChemotherapyChemotherapykemuerpi kemuerpi:化疗化疗医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌19The outlook varies(预后情况).Tumors in the lower stomach(胃下部的肿瘤)are cured more often than those in the higher stomach-gastric cardia(胃贲门)or gastroesophageal junction(食管胃连接).How

27、far the tumor invades the stomach wall(肿瘤侵袭胃壁的程度)and whether lymph nodes(淋巴结)are involved(是否已发生淋巴道转移)when the patient is diagnosed affect the chances of a cure(影响治愈的可能性).When the tumor has spread outside the stomach(肿瘤已经扩散到胃外时),a cure is not possible(治愈已经不可能了)and the goal of treatment is to improve

28、symptoms(使症状好转).Outlook(Prognosis)gastric cardiagastric cardiak:di k:di 胃贲门胃贲门GastroesophagealGastroesophagealstruisfdi:l struisfdi:l 食管胃的食管胃的lymphlymphlmf lmf nodes nodesnudz nudz 淋巴结淋巴结医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌20 Mass screening programs(疾病普查程序疾病普查程序)have been successful at detecting disease in th

29、e early stages(疾病早期探测)in Japan,where the risk of gastric cancer(胃癌带来的危害)is much higher than in the United States.The value of screening(这种普查的价值)in the United States and other countries with lower rates of gastric cancer(美国以及胃癌发病率较低的其它国家)is not clear(尚不明确).Prevention医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌21The fo

30、llowing may help reduce your risk of gastric cancer:Dont smoke Eat a healthy,balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables Take a medication to treat reflux disease,if you have itPreventionrefluxrefluxri:flks ri:flks disease:disease:胃食管反流病胃食管反流病（简称（简称GERDGERD）是指胃）是指胃 十二指肠内容物反十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起的以烧心流入食管引起的以烧心 反酸为主要特征的临床综合征反酸为主要特征的临床综合征 医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌22医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌23