医学英语汉译英培训课件.ppt

1、医学英语汉译英医学英语汉译英1.adj.+n.2.in+abstract noun3.one stem,and two branches4.adjectives used to express degree5.“a set of adjectives+the same noun”6.predicate adjective+prep.Useful structures in Translation医学英语汉译英27.of phrase8.on a basis9.n.+infinite10.n+be+infinite 11.The morethe more(less)12.participle p

2、hrase医学英语汉译英31.adj.+n.“发病率高”（n.+adj.）“high incidence”（adj.+n.）e.g.伤口血肿差不多都是由止血不完善所致。Wound hematoma is almost always caused by imperfect hemostasis.医学英语汉译英4 如果婴儿的饮食中维生素D含量不足就会引起佝偻病。Rickets will result if there is an insufficient amount of vitamin D in the diet of an infant.我们的研究显示20例这类儿童中有8例神经系统预后不良。

3、Our study reported that 8 of 20 such children had poor neurological outcomes.医学英语汉译英5 口臭可由口腔卫生不好和脓溢或者由扁桃体、腺样组织以及鼻腔黏膜的慢性感染而引起。An odorous breath may result from improper oral hygiene and pyorrhea or from chronic infection of the tonsils,adenoid or nasal mucosa.医学英语汉译英6 血气恶化可能表示心血管功能下降，而不是肺疾病的恶化。Deteri

4、orating blood gases may indicate decreasing cardiovascular function rather than a progression of the pulmonary disease.医学英语汉译英7 例1：这些药物的成分是不同的 The composition of these pills are different These pills are different in composition 例2：白细胞的数量比红细胞少得多，数量之比约为1：600 The white cells are much fewer in number t

5、han the red cells,about one to 600.2.in+abstract noun医学英语汉译英8 例3：无论是酸性、碱性还是中性，多数药物主要是从小肠吸收的。Most drugs,whether acidic,basic,or neutral in character,are absorbed mainly from the small intestine.例例4：人眼的结构和功用很像一个照相机。：人眼的结构和功用很像一个照相机。The eye is much like a camera in structure and action.医学英语汉译英9 每条染色体上的

6、基因成对地排列，有每条染色体上的基因成对地排列，有严格的次序，每一个基因占据特定的严格的次序，每一个基因占据特定的位置位置（又称基因座）。（又称基因座）。The genes on each chromosome are arranged in pairs and in strict order,with each gene occupying a specific location or locus.医学英语汉译英103.One stem,and two branches 以名词为中心词，后面跟两个介词短语。第一个介词往往时of，第二个是其他介词，两个介词短语都修饰中心名词，综合起来构成一个复

7、杂的概念。写作中运用这种结构，可以使得句子语言简洁，突出概念，言简意赅。医学英语汉译英11 例1：感染物吸入到肺是肺脓肿的最常见病因。Aspiration of infectious material into the lung is the most common cause of lung abscess.例2：像呕吐一样，腹泻也是身体防止中毒的一种自然保护作用。Like vomiting,diarrhea is a natural protection of the body against poisoning.医学英语汉译英12 例3：将小鼠短期暴露于苯（的蒸汽中）能引起其体内粒细胞总

8、数增加，包括粒细胞的祖代细胞和循环中的粒细胞。Short-term exposure of mice to benzene led to an increase in the total number of granulocyte,including progenitor cells and circulating granulocytes.医学英语汉译英13 例4：治疗无排卵子宫出血的首要目标应是将增生型的子宫内膜转化为分泌型的子宫内膜。The treatment of anovulatory bleeding s h o u l d h a v e a s i t s f i r s t

9、a i m t h e transformation of proliferative(endometrium)into secretory endometrium.医学英语汉译英14 有时，名词后面可有三个介词短语。有时，名词后面可有三个介词短语。这种损伤导致体液从血液向组织渗漏。Such damage results in the leakage of fluid from the blood into the tissues.第 二 个 短 语 也 可 以 是 不 定 式 短 语肾小管对这些物质的吸收能力不是无限的。The capacity of the tubules to absor

10、b these substances is not unlimited.医学英语汉译英15 The body need nutrition.The need of body for nutrition医学英语汉译英164.Adjectives used to express degree 尿中出现可以检测到的（一定量的）葡萄糖称为糖尿。The presence of appreciable amounts of glucose in the urine is known as glycosuria.血液中出现了尿酸的明显增多。There has been an appreciable incr

11、ease of uric acid in the blood.医学英语汉译英17 Appreciable Considerable Marked Significant appreciable/considerable/marked/significant increase医学英语汉译英18 这种药（依地酸钙钠）对急性和慢性铅中毒是有效的，它可引起明显增加的尿铅排出。The drug(sodium calcium edetate)is effective in acute and chronic lead poisoning;it produces a marked increase in t

12、he urinary excretion of lead.医学英语汉译英19 骨盆检查显示外阴有明显的炎症。Pelvic examination shows that there is considerable inflammation of the vulva.AD患者血浆中P物质浓度相对于对照组有显著增加(P0.01);Patients with AD had significant increase in plasma level of Substance P compared with controls(P0.01).医学英语汉译英20 如果血液被过多摄入的液体所稀释，尿的排出就会增加

13、。If the blood is diluted by an excessive intake of fluids the output of urine is increased.医学英语汉译英21 普萘洛尔确实有效，它可较大程度地增加很多患者的运动耐受性。Propranolol does have a demonstrable effect,and in many patients it will increase exercise tolerance considerably.demonstrable医学英语汉译英22 先天畸形可引起相当比例的婴儿死亡。Congenital abnorm

14、alities cause a fair proportion of infant deaths.fair 这种有轻微麻醉作用的药物在腹部手术中是有价值的。The drug is of value,with light anesthesia,in obtaining greater relation in abdominal surgery.light医学英语汉译英23 大出血必须及时加以控制，否则就需进行手术。Massive bleeding must be brought under control immediately,otherwise an operation is indicat

15、ed.Massive医学英语汉译英24 当你剧烈运动时，体内产生废物，这些物质对于神经系统具有轻度的毒性。When you exercise vigorously,waste products which act as mild poisons to the nervous system are formed.mild(slight)医学英语汉译英25 除了主动脉反流，如果还存在有一定程度的主动脉狭窄，通常会出现（左心室）中度扩张。If considerable aortic stenosis exists along with regurgitation,moderate enlargeme

16、nt is the rule.moderate医学英语汉译英26 普萘洛尔在降低动脉血压上也有适当的作用。Propranolol also has a modest effect in reducing arterial blood pressure.Modest医学英语汉译英27 这些事实几乎结论性地表明吸烟习惯与随后发生的冠状动脉疾病之间的紧密联系。These almost conclusively indicate a strong association between the habit of cigarette smoking and the subsequent developm

17、ent of coronary artery disease.Strong医学英语汉译英285.“a set of adjectives+the same noun”to differentiate various degrees.a small(limited)number of a certain number of a large number of an enormous(vast)number of A number of 少数少数 有一些有一些 很多很多 极多极多医学英语汉译英29 Minimum amount of an insufficient amount of Minor(

18、small)amounts of appreciable amounts of vast amounts of a very large amount ofA(an)amount of/amounts of 最低量最低量 不足量的不足量的 少量少量 一定数量一定数量 大量大量 超大量的超大量的医学英语汉译英30Of importance 没什么重要没什么重要 of little(no)importance 不太重要不太重要 of minor importance 十分重要十分重要 of major importance 极其重要极其重要 of essential(fundamental/gre

19、at)importance医学英语汉译英31 格外重要格外重要 of particular importance 至关重要至关重要 of vital importance 最为重要最为重要 of first(prime/primary/utmost/paramount)importance医学英语汉译英32 有深远意义有深远意义 of profound importance 有治疗意义有治疗意义 of therapeutic importance 压倒一切的重要意义压倒一切的重要意义 of overriding importance医学英语汉译英33Of value 作用不大 of littl

20、e value 极大的价值 of great(most/considerable)value 有无价值，是有争议的 of debatable value医学英语汉译英34 e.g.患风湿热时经常发生的这些临床特征，具有很小的诊断价值。These clinical features frequently occurring in rheumatic fever are of minor diagnostic value.医学英语汉译英35At intervals 交替，间隔交替，间隔 有规律地交替出现 at regular intervals 例：疟疾是一种慢性、复发性的感染，以规律交替出现寒战

21、和高热为其特征。Malaria is a chronic,relapsing infection characterized by chills and high fever at regular intervals.例：每4小时重复一次 At 4 hour intervals/at intervals of 4 hours医学英语汉译英36 Pay attention to 应有的注意应有的注意 相当地注意相当地注意 充分关注充分关注 非常重视非常重视 密切注意密切注意 Particular attention must be given to pay due attention to pa

22、y considerable attention to pay adequate attention to pay great attention to pay close attention to 医学英语汉译英376.predicate adjective+prep.adj.+forbe available for 有效的例：人工自动免疫对白喉、麻疹、腮腺炎、脊髓灰质炎、狂犬病、落基山斑疹热、猩红热、破伤风、伤寒和百日咳等疾病均有效。Artificial active immunization is available for diphtheria,measles,mumps,poliom

23、yelitis,rabies,Rocky Mountain spotted fever,scarlet fever,tetanus,typhoid fever,and whooping cough.医学英语汉译英38 be critical for be effective for be suitable for医学英语汉译英39 adj.+inbe deficient in 缺乏的例：因为机体主要缺乏水和电解质，而不是缺血或血浆，所以补液主要以盐水溶液为主。Since the body is deficient chiefly in water and electrolytes,rather

24、 than blood or plasma,fluid replacement should consist mainly of saline solutions.be inadequate in 不足的医学英语汉译英40adj.+of be characteristic of 以为特征be conscious of 意识到be devoid of 不受影响例：没有副作用 be devoid of side effects be devoid of side effects be independent of 不受影响或支配be ignorant of 不清楚be indicative of

25、是的预兆医学英语汉译英41 be suggestive of 提示提示 例：一般说来，以干燥性鳞屑红斑类型为表现的手癣提示红色毛癣菌感染。Generally tinea manum of dry scaly and erythematous type is suggestive of Trichophyton rubrum infection.医学英语汉译英42adj.+to be central to 成为的中心环节be detrimental to 对有害be deleterious to 对有害be vulnerable to 易受的损伤医学英语汉译英43 be susceptible

26、to 易受到损伤的，易发病的 例：本研究指出，抑郁者更易心脏病发作。Our study has indicated that people with depression are more susceptible to heart attacks.医学英语汉译英44adj.+withbe compatible with 与相符合be contiguous with 与接触，与相连be isotonic with 与等渗的be synchronous with 与一致（同步）的医学英语汉译英45 例：该婴儿的临床表现与宫内感染是相符合的。This infants clinical picture

27、 is compatible with an intrauterine infection.例：子宫的杂音与母体的脉搏是一致的。The uterine souffl is synchronous with the maternal pulse.医学英语汉译英46 在入院的64例患者中，35人接受了手术治疗，29人接受了药物治疗。Of the 64 patients admitted,35 were treated surgically and 29 medically.医学英语汉译英48 (Of短语也可以用在后面)有64例患者住进我们医院，其中35人接受了手术治疗，其余29人接受了药物治疗。S

28、ixty-four cases were admitted to our hospital,of whom 35 were treated surgically and the remaining 29 medically.医学英语汉译英498.On a basis此短语的功能相当于形容词或名词的副词形式所起的状语作用。on a regular basis=regularly on a moment-to-moment basisfrom moment to moment必须对患者进行仔细的体格检查并且定期复查。A meticulous physical examination must be

29、 performed and repeated on a regular basis.医学英语汉译英50 对患者进行逐个分析时，病损大小在10mm及以上者（总数为63），其空气对比钡剂灌肠敏感度为48，CT结肠造影为59，结肠镜检率为98。When analyzed on a per-patient basis,for lesions 10mm or larger in size(n=63),the sensitivity of air contrast barium enema(ACBE)was 48%,computed tomographic c o l o n o g r a p h y

30、 (C T C)5 9%,a n d colonoscopy 98%.医学英语汉译英51 视个体情况而定 on an individual basis=individually 频繁地 on a frequent basis=frequently 实验性质地 on a experimental basis=experimentally 世界范围内地 on a world basis=worldwide医学英语汉译英52 长期地，永远地 on a permanent basis=permanently 不定时偶尔的 on a time-contingent basis=time-continge

31、ntly 每天地 on a daily basis=daily 医学英语汉译英539.n+infinite 名词的后置定语多用介词短语，分词短语或定语从句。但有时不定式也可以，主要限于一些抽象名词。医学英语汉译英54 激光影像镜检最突出的一点是能使手术操作创伤性小而又省钱。The most remarkable thing about videolaseroscopy is its potential to make the procedures less invasive and costly.手术消毒所需的时间取决于被消毒物品的性质。The time of operation to ach

32、ieve sterility depends on the nature of the material being sterilized.医学英语汉译英5510.n+be+infinite 40岁以上的患者近期开始出现消化不良的症状时，首先应排除的是胃癌。When confronted with dyspeptic symptoms of recent origin in a patient over 40 years the first necessity is to exclude gastric cancer.医学英语汉译英5611.The morethe more(less)胎膜破裂

33、的时间越长，宫内感染发生的可能性就越大。The longer the membranes are ruptured,the greater the likelihood of intrauterine infection(is).医学英语汉译英5712.participle phrase 写作中句子语言结构的变化还表现在对分词短语的运用上，其定语和状语功能都有助于我们提升句子的结构和紧密性。医学英语汉译英58分词短语位于句首分词短语位于句首：对句中的谓语起状语作用，表示时间或原因。该研究的作者们在3月24日出版的科学杂志中报道说，这种方法可能能够消灭感染人卵巢癌细胞的小鼠的肿瘤。Reporti

34、ng in the March 24 issue of Science,the studys authors say the approach appeared to kill off tumors in mice infected with human ovarian cancer cells.医学英语汉译英59 分词短语位于句末分词短语位于句末：起方式伴随状语的作用，也可表示结果（分词前加thus等词）发病率增加的最值得注意的具体例子是妇女肺癌发病率，平均每年增加9吸烟的直接结果。The most significant specific increase was lung cancer

35、in women,averaging 9 per year a direct result of cigarette smoking.医学英语汉译英60 急诊超声心动图检查可迅速诊断心包积液，从而避免盲目进行心包穿刺。Emergency echocardiography can rapidly identify pericardial effusions,thus a v o i d i n g t h e n e e d f o r b l i n d pericardiocentesis.医学英语汉译英61分词独立结构：分词独立结构：分词前面有名词做为逻辑上的主语（非语法上的主语），构成分词独立结构，对句子谓语起方式伴随作用。为缓解神经痛的症状而进行的治疗有时疗效极小，许多病例对采取的各种措施都无反应。Treatment for relief of symptoms of neuralgia is sometimes of little use,many cases proving refractory to all measures.医学英语汉译英62 放射性被发现后，我们在医学方面取得很大进展。Radioactivity discovered,we made great progress in medicine.医学英语汉译英63医学英语汉译英64