2023学年初高中英语衔接构课件：词法.pptx

1、构词法Without vocabulary,Without vocabulary,nothing can be nothing can be conveyed.conveyed.网络流行语猜猜猜disclose ones secret吐槽Microblog微博gelivable/ungelivable给力/不给力网络流行语猜猜猜envious,jealous,and hatefulgroup purchasingiron lady羡慕嫉妒恨团购女汉子disclose ones secretMicrobloggelivable/ungelivableenvious,jealous,and hat

2、efulgroup purchasingiron lady前缀前缀后缀后缀合成合成前缀：一般只改变词义，不改变词性后缀：一般只改变词性，不引起词义变化合成：把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词。派生法转化法拼缀法合成法02030401CONTENT目录截短法首字母缩略法0506ONE合成法Compounding由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。1.合成名词 合成法名词+名词 watermelon 名词动词daybreak 名词动名词handwriting动名词名词reading room名词+及物动词+er/or pain-kill

3、er 动词名词typewriter 现在分词名词flying-fish形容词名词gentleman 代词名词she-wolf 打字机止痛药飞鱼绅士母狼2.合成动词 名词动词sleep-walk形容词动词white-wash 副词动词overcome 梦游粉刷克服3.合成形容词 名词形容snow-white 名词过去分词man-made 数词名词形容词three-year-old形容词现在分词good-looking数词名词second-hand形容词形容词middle-aged雪白的人造的三岁的中年的二手的相貌好看的4.合成副词 形容词名词hotfoot形容词副词everywhere副词副词h

4、owever介词名词beforehand介词副词forever匆忙地到处无论如何事先永远5.合成代词 代词宾格selfherself物主代词+selfmyself形容词名词anything她自己我自己任何事从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词.suitnewfirst troublebestbabyoveremptya.caseb.sellerc.classd.borne.handedf.eatg.sith.free suitcae 行李箱bestseller 畅销书firstclass 一流的newborn 新生儿emptyhanded 两手空空overeat 吃得过多babysit 临

5、时照顾troublefree无故障的Exercise1.my teacher asked me to write a passage about_in English.You can write_passage in English.A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words2.Canada is mainly an_country.A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.Englis

6、h-spokenTW0派生法Derivation派生法 Derivation前缀后缀名词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀动词后缀否定前缀其他前缀happy-unhappylike-dislikeproper-improperformal-informalregular-irregularlegal-illegal1.常见的否定前缀前缀例 子un-unhappy（不高兴）unlock（开锁）dis-dislike（不喜欢）disagree（不同意）im-impossible（不可能的）improper（不合适的）in-informal（非正式的）incorrect（不正确的）ir-irregular（不规

7、则的）irrelevant（不相关的）il-illegal（不合法的）illogical（不合理的）前缀只改变词义，不改变词性给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或im-,构成意思相反的词。1.agree _ plete _3.healthy _4.important _5.able _ 6.cover _ 7.known _ 8.practical _9.tidy _ 10.perfect _disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectExer

8、ciseex-presidentinternettelevisionencourageretellasleep前 缀意 义用 法例 词re-再一次，重新用于动词及派生名词名词、形容词及其它名词前(=again)rebuild 重建reappear 再次出现fore-时间或位置的“在前面”加在动词或名词前(=before)foretell 预言foreknow 预知pre-在前、事先、预先加在名词或形容词前(=before,in front,in advance)preview 复习preface 前言post-时间和顺序的“在后边”加在名词或形容词前(=after,behind)post-wa

9、r 战后的post-graduate 研究生a-在 之上，向，在里加在动词或名词前，构成派生形容词、副词或介词asleep 睡着的alone 孤独的co-联合、共同加在名词或动词前co-worker 同事cooperation 合作inter-”互相”、“在一起”加在名词、形容词前构成动词(=between,among)internet 互联网international 国际的mid-中间加在名词前(=middle)midnight 午夜super-高级、在之上加在名词前(=above,over,upon)superman 超人2.其他前缀Exercise1.Its_to persuade h

10、im to give up smoking.Hes very stubborn.A.possible B.possibly C.impossible D.impossibility2.Dan caught two_birds in the wood last week and they are still_in the cage.A.alive；live B.live；live C.live；alive D.alive；alive3.The doctors advice_him from drinking and smoking.A.encouraged B.couraged C.encour

11、agement D.discouragedscientistmusiciandoctor猜职业illnessshoppingmembership1.名词后缀-构成名词-er,-or teach v.-teacher n.visit v.-visitor n.-ian music n.-musician n.-ist tour n.旅程旅程-tourist n.旅游者旅游者 -ing build v.建立建立-building n.建筑物建筑物 -ment develop v.发展发展-development n.发展发展 -ness happy adj.快乐的快乐的-happiness n.快

12、乐快乐 -th warm adj.温暖的温暖的-warmth n.温暖温暖 -tion invite v.邀请邀请-invitation n.邀请函邀请函 -ty,-ity safe n.-safety n.possible adj.-possibility n.-ship friend n.-friendship n.友谊友谊 后缀改变词性课本课本19页页B2Exercise1.The doctor said that the old mans condition was_and that they had tried their best.A.hope B.hoped C.hopeful

13、D.hopeless2.The child looked at me_.A.stranger B.strangely C.strange D.strangeless3.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.Its of great _.A.valuable B.value C.valueless D.unvaluable4.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a_smile.A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practicedsatisfyfrighte

14、nmodernizebeautifyQueenSnow Whiteeducatefinish 后缀意 义用 法例 词-ate 使成为，成为.，处理，使化合见于外来词，由外来词根组成，不能活用educate教育教育translate翻译翻译-en 变为，使为，变为有，使有加在形容词上，有时加在名词上，通常构成及物动词frighten害怕害怕strengthen加强加强-fy使成为，使.化加在名词或形容词上，构成及物动词和少数不及物动词beautify使美丽使美丽satisfy使满意使满意-ish 使.,令.大多是从法语输入的词，不能构成新词finish完成完成punish惩罚惩罚-ize-ize

15、 使成，变成，.化加在名词或形容词上，构成及物动词或少数不及物动词modernize现代化现代化realize意识到意识到2.动 词 后 缀Exercise1.How_ he is!He is always acting_.He is really a _.A.foolish；foolishly；fool B.fool；foolish；fool C.foolish；fool；fool D.foolishly；foolish；fool2.We stood there_at the_sight.A.frightened；frightful B.frightening frightful C.fri

16、ght；frightening D.frightful；frightcloudyvaluablehomelessexpensivepowerfuldangerous后缀意 义用 法例 词-able可/能的加在名词或及物动词后valuable珍贵的珍贵的-al有.性质的加在名词后natural自然的自然的-ant,-ent.的加在外来动词词干上important重要的重要的-ic,-ical.性质的，与.有关的加在外来词干的名词上basic基本的基本的-ish稍带.的，.气的，.民族的，.语的加在名词或形容词上用于民族国家地名之上English英国的英国的-ive有.倾向的/性质的加在动词上ex

17、pensive昂贵的昂贵的-ful充满.的，引起.的加在名词或少数名词上powerful充满力量的充满力量的-less无/不.的，不能.的加在名词或动词上homeless无家可归的无家可归的-ous充满.的，有.特性的加在名词上dangerous危险的危险的-y有/多.的，想.的加在名词上cloudy多云的多云的-ed有.的，有.特征的加在名词或动词上tired疲倦的疲倦的-en由.构(制)成的加在物质名词上wooden木制的木制的-ern.方的加在表示方位的名词上western西方的西方的-ly有.性质的，.形状的加在名词或形容词上 daily日常的日常的3.形容词后缀-构成形容词课本第课本

18、第5页页B2Exercise1.That man was_enough to tell the manager that he would do the job.A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness2.The child looked_ at his brother who was badly wounded.A.sadly B.sadness C.sad 3.To everyones _,the girl finished the job quite well.A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.

19、satisfactionrain(形容词)_ agree(反义)_nation(形容词)_ farm(人)_recent(副词)_ friend(形容词)_hope(形容词)_ visit(名词)_ home(形容词)_ America(形容词)_ eight(序数词)_ China(形容词)_ 按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlyhomelessChineseExerciseExercise1.He was one of the best _ in yester

20、days football match.A.play B.playing C.player 2.Look!How _ Kate is laughing!A.happy B.happily C.happier3.Edison was a great _.During his life he had many _.A.invent;inventor B.inventor;inventions C.inventions;inventor D.invenor;inventTHREE转化法Conversion转化法是指由一种词性转化为另一种词性。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.动词 名词 ta

21、lk v.讲话 -talk n.交谈，讨论 形容词 名词 green adj.绿色的 -green n.绿色 She is wearing a green dress.(adj.)The girl in green looks very beautiful.(n.)形容词 动词 perfect adj.完美的-perfect v.使完美 She speaks perfect English.(adj.)They tried their best to perfect the system.(v.)名词 动词 water n.水-water v.浇水tastev.尝起来n.味道It has a

22、good taste.It tastes very good.handn.手v.递送wrong adj.错误的n.错的事We always walk hand in hand.Please hand me the book.There is something wrong with the car.He didnt know the difference between right and wrong.cleanadj.干净v.清扫Please keep tidy and clean.You have to clean the blackboard after class.ROUR拼缀法Ble

23、nding拼缀法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。news broadcastnewscast新闻广播television broadcasttelecast电视播送smoke and fogsmog烟雾breakfast lunch brunch 早午餐FIVE截短法Clipping截短法(缩略法)，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。2)去尾mathematicsmaths examinationexam laboratorylab taxicabtaxi3)截头去尾influenzaflurefrigerat

24、orfridge1)截头telephonephone aeroplaneplaneomnibusbus SIX首字母缩略法AcronymVIPSOSWWWVery Important Person贵宾Save Our ShipWorld Wide Web Borrowing words from other languages 外来语来自汉语tatami judo karaoke kimono sushi tsunami canoe Eskimo hurricane salon resume naive souvenir fiance jiaozi Stinky tofu Pinyin paper tiger kungfu Confucius 来自日语来自法语来自印第安语饺子臭豆腐 拼音纸老虎 功夫孔子卡拉OK寿司榻榻米柔道和服海啸独木舟爱斯基摩人飓风沙龙简历天真的纪念品未婚夫THANK YOU