Veterinary-Susceptibility-Testing--BSAC--The-British-Society-兽医药敏试验-BSAC的英国社会课件.ppt
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- Veterinary Susceptibility Testing BSAC The British Society 兽医 试验 英国 社会 课件
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1、Veterinary Susceptibility Testing.Chris Teale,Veterinary Laboratories Agency.B B u u r r y y S S t t E E d d m mu u n n d d s s.W Wi in n c c h h e e s s t te e r r.L L a a n n g g f fo o r r d d.S S u u t tt to o n n B B o o n n i in n g g t to o n n.N Ne e w wc c a a s s t tl le e.T T h h i ir r s
2、 s k k.L L u u d d d d i in n g g t to o n n.S S h h r r e e w ws s b b u u r r y y S S t ta a r r c c r r o o s s s s.T T r r u u r r o o.C Ca a r r m ma a r r t th h e e n n.A Ab b e e r r y y s s t tw wy y t th h.P P r r e e s s t to o n n.P P e e n n r r i it th h.L a s s w a d e We y b r i d g
3、e .V.I.C e n t r eV.I.U n i tC e n.V e t L a b sKey Surveillance Objective.Provide information of value in formulating sound policy to limit the development of resistance in bacteria of animal origin and to control the spread of antimicrobial resistance within the animal population and to man.Survei
4、llance for AntimicrobialResistance at VLASalmonella entericaVeterinary Clinical DiagnosticSubmissions Abattoir Surveillance for Zoonotic and Indicator Organisms.3 main areas of activity:Salmonella enterica Salmonella isolates are tested against a panel of 16 antimicrobials by disc diffusion test.Res
5、ults are reported annually.Isolates originate from veterinary clinical submissions,the abattoir surveys of animals at the point of slaughter and from private laboratories(who are required to submit isolates for testing under statute-the Zoonoses Order).Surveillance for Antimicrobial Resistance in Sa
6、lmonella.Ciprofloxacin MIC is performed on all isolates that are resistant to nalidixic acid in the disc diffusion test.Ceftriaxone(or other third generation cephalosporin)MICs are performed on all isolates that are resistant to either ceftazidime or cefotaxime.Surveillance of Veterinary Clinical Su
7、bmissions at Regional Diagnostic Laboratories.The VLA has 14 Regional Laboratories that are strategically located throughout England and Wales,ensuring coverage of all regions of these countries.Surveillance is achieved through incoming carcase material and specimens.Susceptibility testing is provid
8、ed as part of the laboratory diagnostic service.In general,disc diffusion testing is performed.Veterinary Clinical Submissions.A system has been put in place to collect all of the susceptibility data from tests performed at the Regional Laboratories and this is published annually on the Defra web-si
9、te(http:/defraweb/animalh/diseases/zoonoses/index.htm)Statistically-based Surveillance at Abattoirs.This is essential to complement clinical surveillance,in particular for organisms such as Campylobacter,Enterococcus and E.coli O157,commensal E.coli,both for prevalence studies and to assess the anti
10、microbial resistance of these organisms.Abattoir surveys on pigs,sheep and cattle were performed in 1999/2000 in Great Britain;these are currently being repeated.Harmonisation of Methods.Key objective is harmonisation of medical and veterinary susceptibility testing within the UK.Secondary objective
11、 is harmonisation at the international level.A network of all EU veterinary laboratories is taking this forward within the EU.The first joint medical/veterinary resistance report covering a range of organisms isolated in 2002 has been prepared by HPA/VLA.Disc Diffusion Test.Currently used in most UK
12、 veterinary laboratories.Cut-off zone diameter of 13mm used to discriminate between sensitive and resistant strains.British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy method is being adopted at VLA.Automated zone readers being introduced to allow full implementation.Resistance Monitoring at VLA.Disc dif
13、fusion test.Panels of 8 antimicrobials(6 fixed;2 selected at each Centre)appropriate for animal species and Gram-reaction of organism.Results(S/R)entered into Access database,which both generates practitioner report and saves data.All databases combined and summary data produced annually at VLA Shre
14、wsbury.Disc Diffusion Methods(1)NCCLS US Standard.Confluent inoculum Data for some veterinary pathogens available Mueller-Hinton Used in some Scottish laboratories.Disc Diffusion Methods(2)BSAC Isosensitest agar Semi-confluent inoculum(nudging colonies)UK standard method Currently no specific veteri
15、nary guidelines Harmonisation with medical colleaguesDisc diffusion test-Stokes method.Why is zone size determination useful?Early detection of trends in the emergence of resistance.Elucidation of mechanisms of resistance(and interpretative reading).Linkage of zone size to mic data Improve Quality C
16、ontrol Establishment of robust breakpoints.The relationship between Zone Diameter and MIC.Zone DiameterLog MICThe relationship between Zone Diameter and MIC.Zone DiameterLog MICConcentration reached in animal.The relationship between Zone Diameter and MIC.Zone DiameterLog MICConcentration reached in
17、 animal.Appropriate Zone Diameter.Potential Problems.No breakpoint zone size data available for some veterinary antimicrobials when using Isosensitest agar.Tissue concentration may differ betweena)Different speciesb)Different sites in same animal(eg udder and serum in dairy cattle)Total Numbers of I
18、solates Examined by VLA.050001000015000200001998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003SalmonellaOthersResistance in E.coli from Pigs,1 month old.0102030405060708090199819992000200120022003Ampicillin TetracyclineNeomycinApramycinTMP/SEnrofloxacinSalmonella spp.-nalidixic acid.SALMONELL A-NALIDIXIC ACID05101520253
19、035051015202530Zone Diam ete r(mm)Frequency020212223242526Salmonella spp.-ampicillin.SALMONELLA-AMPICILLIN-5051015202505101520253035Zone diameter(mm)Frequency0142324252627282930BSAC breakpoint R or=17mmThe relationship between Zone Diameter and MIC.Zone DiameterLog MICPlot of Log MIC against Erythro
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