学术英语+医学+Unit课件.ppt

1、Unit 3Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesDespite the progress in medicine,many diseases are still untreatable and incurable.It has been generally agreed that prevention is more cost-effective than the treatment of diseases.Here come some fundamental questions:Which play a more important role in cau

2、sing human diseases,genes or environmental factors?Why do people with good interpersonal relationships live healthier and longer?What are the major steps in developing a new drug?In this unit,we will probably find theanswers to these questions.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesUnit Contents

3、Lead-inText AText BText CListeningSpeakingWritingGet reading for Unit 9Lead-inIssues to be coveredTaskUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesLead-inIssues to be covered The common and special means of treatment and prevention of diseases The different roles of genes and environment in causing di

4、seases The relationship between interpersonal relationship and health The major steps in designing and developing new drugsUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesLead-inYour experience when you fell ill last time Time Visits to doctor Diagnosis TreatmentUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of Disease

5、sLead-inTask:Work in pairs and discuss the causes and treatments you know of the following conditions.DiseaseCausesTreatmentsFluMyopiaHepatitisUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesLead-inTask:Work in pairs and discuss the causes and treatments you know of the following conditions.DiseaseCauses

6、TreatmentsFluvirusesrest,clear fluids,cool damp washcloth to reduce fever,warm blanket to calm chills,cough medicine,antiviral medications,usually no need of antibioticsMyopiaprolonged close work,excessive reading corrective lenses,refractory surgeryHepatitisviral(HBV,HCV,etc.),bacterial,parasitic,f

7、ungal infectionsalcohol,autoimmune,inherited antiviral medicationsUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinking Topics for presentation Knowledge of the subject matter Useful expressionsSuggested answersUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical read

8、ing and thinkingTopics for presentation1.How was Terrys life before she was diagnosed with(Pre.1)loved practicing Tae Kwon Do loved the surge of adrenaline that came with the controlled combat of tournaments competed nationally,even winning a bronze medal in the trials for the Pan American Games att

9、ended medical school,practiced as an internal medicine residency,became an academic general internist married and got a son and a daughterUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation2.How much do you know about MS and autoimmune disease?(Pre.

10、2)Symptoms as mentioned by the author loss of stamina and strength problems with balance bouts of horrific facial pain dips in visual acuityUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation2.How much do you know about MS and autoimmune disease?(Pr

11、e.2)Cause as mentioned by the author the assault of immune cells on the brain,with possible origin in genetic make-up or/and combination of environmental factorsTreatment as mentioned by the author interferon and copolymer-1Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and think

12、ingTopics for presentation3.What did Terry do before she self-experimented?(Pre.3)Picking up basic science such as cellular physiology,biochemistry and neurophysiology Reading articles about new MS drugs in animal models and neurodegeneration of all typesdementia,Parkinsons disease,Huntingtons,and L

13、ou Gehrigs diseaseUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation4.What approaches did Terry mainly use to deal with neurodegeneration?(Pre.4)self-experimentation with various nutrients to slow neurodegeneration based on literature reports on an

14、imal models self-experimentation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation still based on literature online search to identify the sources of micronutrients reduction of food allergy and toxic loadUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation5

15、.One example to illustrate the correlation between toxic load and disease(Pre.5)With 70%to 90%of the risk for diabetes,heart disease,cancer,and autoimmunity being due to environmental factors other than genetics,we can provide the real solution to many health problems and the health care crisis by c

16、hanging our environment,for example,optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic load.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subject matter the surge of adrenaline(P55)medical school(P55)an internal medicine residency(P55)an academic genera

17、l internist(P55)to develop a chronic disease(P55)I had only two options:accommodation and acceptance of deepening disability despite optimal treatment,or increased involvement in my own health care.(P55)Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the s

18、ubject matter My doctor said that genetics accounted for only 10 to 30%of the risk of MS;the rest(?)was due to some combination of unknown environmental factors.(P56)He never told me what I could do to address those unknown factors,only offering interferon and copolymer-1 to reduce the risk of relap

19、se.(P56)It was increasingly apparent that,with time,becoming bedridden due to my illness was inevitable.(P56)Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subject matter I began my own study of the literature,reading article after article on PubMed,k

20、nowing that the seeds for todays clinical care were laid years,sometimes decades earlier in the basic science literature.(P56)At first,I looked for recent articles testing new MS drugs in animal models.(P56)articles concerning neurodegeneration of all typesdementia,Parkinsons disease,Huntingtons,and

21、 Lou Gehrigs disease.(P56)Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subject matter I asked my physical therapist to let me have a test session.(P57)patient autonomy He told me that e-stim(as he called it)was not an approved treatment for MS.(P57)

22、paternalistic approach I returned to the literature.(P57)I turned eventually to Google.(P57)Which is more helpful and to what extent is Google a reliant source of medical information?Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subject matter I next

23、 looked more deeply at the environmental factors associated with poorly explained neurological and psychological symptoms.(P57)Two stood out:food allergies and toxic load.(P57)I returned to the literature.(P57)Food allergies can cause a myriad of neurological and psychological symptoms,typically wit

24、hout any abdominal complaints,decades before diagnosis and are very difficult to identify.(P57)Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingUseful expressions bouts of horrific facial pain When I developed the foot drop,the diagnosis was made:multiple sclerosis(MS).

25、He said that fewer relapses would mean less disability,a greater chance that Id still be walking,working,and living my life as I once knew it ten years later.so I translated mouse-sized doses to human ones However,although my decline had slowed,I was still declining.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment o

26、f DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingUseful expressions there was no guarantee that my brain could talk to these new muscles.so I translated mouse-sized doses to human ones However,although my decline had slowed,I was still declining.there was no guarantee that my brain could talk to these

27、new muscles.It did hurt.A lot.I felt the best Id felt in years.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingUseful expressionsMy therapist implemented a program of e-stim coupled with daily exercise.As good as the article was,it did not list all of the building bloc

28、ks needed for optimal brain health.The medical literature didnt have that information,nor did the registered dieticians with whom I consulted,nor did I see it in the food science literature.But he did let me have a test session.I turned eventually to Google,which did help me,nutrient by nutrient,to

29、understand where various micronutrients I was taking by pill each day were located in the food supply.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingUseful expressions Physician self-experimentation sometimes does not go as anticipated.The unthinkablethe unimaginableh

30、appened,stunning me,my family,and my physicians.As a result,Ive changed how I practice medicine.Three years into my healing,I am again experimenting.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Suggested answersTask 1 OverviewCritical reading and thinking1.D 2.literature,nutrients,stimulation,m

31、icronutrients,environmental Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Task 1/Medical terminology Match each definition with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.EnglishChinese Definition1treatment of disease through the use of drugs2the quality of existing in several differe

32、nt forms3of or relating to an immune response by the body against one of its own tissues,cells,ormolecules4epinephrine,a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla5a polymer of two or more different monomerspharmacotherapy 药物疗法多态性polymorphism自体免疫的autoimmunecopolymer共聚物adrenaline肾上腺素Suggested answersLan

33、guage building-up2Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A EnglishChinese Definition6a substance that improves the chemical activity of an enzyme7a substance that destroys weeds8a specialist in internal medicine9any of various diseases characterized by thickening or hardening10the act or pr

34、ocess of testing,trying,or putting to the proofsclerosis硬化症coenzyme辅酶herbicide除草剂internist内科医生trial试验Task1/Medical terminologyMatch each definition with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.Suggested answers2Language building-upUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Task

35、2/Signpost language SequenceLanguage building-upSuggested answers1.next 2.Then,Ultimately 3.At first,Eventually 4.NowUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Task 2/Signpost language The following sentences are taken from Text A.Fill in the blanks with the signpost language and then compare

36、 your answers with the original sentences in the text.Language building-upSuggested answersUltimately1 Jogging left me first._,standing for any time became difficult._,despite my use of the most current pharmacotherapies,walking and even sitting was tiring,so I needed a tilt-recline wheelchair.(Para

37、.5)2 _,I looked for recent articles testing new MS drugs in animal models._,realizing I could not access those drugs unless I was in a clinical trial,I turned to articles concerning neurodegeneration of all types dementia,Parkinsons disease,Huntingtons,and Lou Gehrigs disease.(Para.8)ThenAt firstEve

38、ntuallyUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Task 2/Signpost language The following sentences are taken from Text A.Fill in the blanks with the signpost language and then compare your answers with the original sentences in the text.Language building-upSuggested answersNow3 Determined to

39、optimize everything I could to help my brain heal,I _ looked more deeply at the environmental factors associated with poorly explained neurological and psychological symptoms.(Para.15)4 _ I focus on teaching my patients how to optimize their nutrition,reduce their toxic load,and reduce their risk of

40、 food allergies.(Para.19)nextUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Task 3/Formal EnglishParaphrase the following sentences from Text A with a less formal style.Language building-upSuggested answers1.Many things have happened since then.I went to a medical school,completed an internal med

41、icine residency,and became a mother of a son and a daughter.2.When I manifested symptoms of the foot drop,I was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.3.He nevertheless allowed me a test session.It did hurt severely as he previously told me.4.I am again experimenting three years after my healing.The only

42、 difference is that this time it is an IRB-approved protocol instead of self-experimentation.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of Diseases Text A Additional activity Group presentationAs an emerging branch of science,Social Neuroscience is unfamiliar and mysterious to many people.Form groups of 4-5 to

43、 find relevant information about it and get ready for a presentation in class.The following prompts may be helpful to you:the definition of Social Neurosciencethe mechanism through which brain-to-brain link worksthe application of social neuroscience to treatment of diseasesthe prospects of Social N

44、euroscienceUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText BCritical reading and thinkingSuggested answersUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText B Critical Reading and Thinking1.the friends relationship with his students(P37)He was not just inspiring in class but taking a genuine interest i

45、n themin their studies,their progress through life,their fears and hopes.A wide circle of former students count themselves among his lifelong friends;He and his wife have always welcomed a steady stream of visitors to their home.Write down the information on the following topics.Then compare your an

46、swers with your partner.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText B Critical Reading and Thinking2.the discovery of mirror neurons(P66)Mirror neurons,a widely dispersed class of brain cells that operate like neural WiFi,track the emotional flow,movement and even intentions of the person we are

47、 with,and replicate this sensed state in our own brain by stirring in our brain the same areas active in the other person.Mirror neurons offer a neural mechanism that explains emotional contagion.Write down the information on the following topics.Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 3 Pr

48、evention and Treatment of DiseasesText B Critical Reading and Thinking3.Diamond and Aspinwalls research(PP 66)Psychologists at the University of Utah Reviewed research data about coordination of emotions,cardiovascular reactions or brain states between mothers with their infants,marital partners arg

49、uing and even among people in meetings in the past few decades.Offered the infelicitous term“a mutually regulating psychobiological unit to describe the merging of two discrete physiologies into a connected circuit.Argue/conclude that emotional closeness allows the biology of one person to influence

50、 that of the other.Write down the information on the following topics.Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText B Critical Reading and Thinking4.significance of Cacioppos research(PP 66)Director of the Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience at