SURVEY-RESEARCH-UMBC调查的研究的项目课件.ppt
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- SURVEY RESEARCH UMBC 调查 研究 项目 课件
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1、SURVEY RESEARCHTopic#1Covered in considerable detail in Weisberg et al.textbookSurvey Research Quantitative study of large human populations using these basic research operations:define the population to be studied;select a representative sample;measure(by means of interview questions)characteristic
2、s of the respondents in the sample;tabulate,crosstabulate,and otherwise analyze the sample data(using SPSS,etc.)to produce various sample statistics;and make inferences from sample statistics to population parameters of interest.Types of Surveys Fake/spurious/recreational polls and surveys:straw/cal
3、l-in/write-in or web based polls propaganda polls(asking“biased”questions)sponsored by advocacy or interest groups political persuasion disguised as polling(“push polls”)commercial selling disguised as pollingTypes of Surveys(cont.)Legitimate commercial surveys Public(results released to the public)
4、syndicated polls(starting in late 1930s)Gallup,Roper,Harris,etc.media polls(starting in the 1960s)pre-election tracking polls exit polls Proprietary(contract research;results not publicly released)market research(starting in 1920s)political consulting/polling for candidates,parties,and advocacy and
5、interest groups(starting in the 1950s)Types of Surveys(cont.)Non-commercial surveys Government(“statistical”)survey research U.S.Census Current Population Survey(CPS)Rotating panel survey of 60,000 households Source of labor force size and unemployment data Voter registration and turnout(but not vot
6、e choices and opinions)Annual Survey of Social Security and Medicare Beneficiaries National Crime Victimization SurveyTypes of Surveys(cont.)Non-commercial surveys(cont.)Academic/scholarly/scientific surveys Voting studies(surveys vs.election data)“Columbia”(sociological)studies(1940s)local samples
7、extended panel surveys emphasizing groups affiliations Index of Political Disposition(IPP)Types of Surveys(cont.)Voting studies(cont.)“Michigan”(political/social psychological)studies National samples Limited(pre-and post-election)panels Occasional extended panels(four years)Emphasize opinions,attit
8、udes,and orientation over group affiliations Party Identification(Student Survey Q1&Q2)American National Election Studies(ANES)Social Science Data Archives Interuniversity Consortium for Social and Political Research(ICPSR)at University of Michigan European Consortium for Political Research at Unive
9、rsity of Essex(UK)IBM Punch CardOther Major(Ongoing)Surveys General Social Survey(GSS),NORC(University of Chicago)Panel Study of Income Dynamics(PSID),University of Michigan SRC Citizen Participation surveys(Sidney Verba and others)Long-Term Political Socialization Panel Study Parent-child pairs int
10、erviewed in 1965,1973,1982,and 2019 British,Canadian,German,etc.,Election StudiesWhat Do(Political)Surveys(Purport to)Measure?voting intentions(and likelihood of voting)attitudes/opinions/preferences specific issues general orientations party ID,ideological placement,political trust/cynicism beliefs
11、/perceptions/predictions/salience information/knowledge reported behavior did you vote?for whom?contribute$?attend meeting?job-seeking activity TV watching crime victimization demographicsPreview of Data Collection Methods Self-administered“paper and pencil”or web-based questionnaires Student Survey
12、 SCEQ Exit polls Telephone interviews Tracking polls Personal interviews ANES CPS,GSS,PSID,etc.Closed-Form vs.Open-Ended Questions Multiple-choice test vs.“blue book”test SCEQ“scan sheets”vs.“blue sheets”Closed-Form Questions(cont.)Multiple-choice format:may be self-administered,telephone,or persona
13、l(ANES)Some people dont pay much attention to political campaigns.How about you?Would you say that you have been VERY MUCH interested,SOMEWHAT interested or NOT MUCH interested in the political campaigns so far this year?1.Very much interested3.Somewhat interested5.Not much interested8.Dont know9.Re
14、fused0.NAClosed-Form Questions(cont.)Agree/Disagree Format(ANES)“This country would have many fewer problems if there were more emphasis on traditional family ties.”Do you AGREE STRONGLY,AGREE SOMEWHAT,NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE,DISAGREE SOMEWHAT,or DISAGREE STRONGLY with this statement?1.Agree stro
15、ngly2.Agree somewhat3.Neither agree nor disagree4.Disagree somewhat5.Disagree strongly8.Dont know9.Refused0.NAClosed-form Questions(cont.)Rating Scale Format(ANES)Some people think the government should provide fewer services even in areas such as health and education in order to reduce spending.Sup
16、pose these people are at one end of a scale,at point 1.Other people feel it is important for the government to provide many more services even if it means an increase in spending.Suppose these people are at the other end,at point 7.And,of course,some other people have opinions somewhere in between,a
17、t points 2,3,4,5 or 6.Where would you place YOURSELF on this scale,or havent you thought much about this?01.Govt should provide many fewer services02.03.04.05.06.07.Govt should provide many more services80.Havent thought much about this88.Dont know89.Refused00.NAClosed-form Questions(cont.)Rating Sc
18、ale Format(cont.)Where would you place GEORGE W.BUSH on this issue?DO NOT PROBE DK1.Government should provide many fewer services2.3.4.5.6.7.Government should provide many more services8.Dont know9.Refused0.NANote:Randomize order of administration for Pres candidatesThermometer ScalePlease look at p
19、age 2 of the booklet.See Weisberg et al.,p.80Id like to get your feelings toward some of our political leaders and other people who are in the news these days.Ill read the name of a person and Id like you to rate that person using something we call the feeling thermometer.Ratings between 50 degrees
20、and 100 degrees mean that you feel favorable and warm toward the person.Ratings between 0 degrees and 50 degrees mean that you dont feel favorable toward the person and that you dont care too much for that person.You would rate the person at the 50 degree mark if you dont feel particularly warm or c
21、old toward the person.If we come to a person whose name you dont recognize,you dont need to rate that person.Just tell me and well move on to the next one.Closed-form Questions(cont.)Indices(composite measures)Trust in government(ANES)Index of respondents trust in government,built from responses to
22、the following questions:(1)How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?(2)Do you think that people in government waste a lot of the money we pay in taxes,waste some of it,or dont waste very much of it?(3)Would you say the government is pretty much
23、 run by a few big interests looking out for themselves or that it is run for the benefit of all the people?(4)Do you think that quite a few of the people running the government are crooked or that not very many of them are?Those who rank low on this index were more likely to select the distrusting p
24、osition for each of these items.1 Low 2 3 4 5 High 9 NAExperimenting with Closed-Form Questions(2019 ANES)IF R SELECTED FOR STANDARD VERSION:In talking to people about elections,we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they werent registered,they were sick,or they just didnt
25、have time.How about you-did you vote in the elections this November?1.Yes,voted5.No,didnt vote8.Dont know9.Refused0.NAIF R SELECTED FOR EXPERIMENTAL VERSION:In talking to people about elections,we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they werent registered,they were sick,or
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