病理学导论医学知识讲座优质课件.ppt
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1、病理学导论医学知识讲座病理学导论医学知识讲座病病 理理 学学 导导 论论 病理学的定义病理学的定义 病理学发展简史病理学发展简史 病理学的分支学科病理学的分支学科 病理学的研究方法病理学的研究方法Definition of PathologyThe word“Pathology”is derived from two Greek word-pathos meaning sufferinglogos meaning studyDefinition of PathologyPathology is scientific study of structure and function of the
2、body in disease.It deals with causes,effects,mechanisms and nature of disease.The knowledge and understanding of pathology is essential for all would-be doctors as well as general practitioners and specialists since unless they know the causes and mechanisms of disease and understand the language sp
3、oken by the pathologist in the form of laboratory reports,they would not be able to institute appropriate treatment or suggest preventive measures to the patient.For the medical student,the discipline of pathology forms a vital bridge between initial learning phase of preclinical science and the fin
4、al phase of clinical subjects.病理学发展简史病理学发展简史 从宗教迷信走向理性探索从宗教迷信走向理性探索(Antiquity to AD 1500)大体病理学时期大体病理学时期(AD 1500 to 1800)细胞病理学时期细胞病理学时期(AD 1800 to 1950s)现代病理学时期现代病理学时期(1950s to dawn of 21st century)从宗教迷信走向理性探索从宗教迷信走向理性探索(Antiquity to AD 1500)Hippocrates(Greece)460-377 BCPermanently dissociated medici
5、ne from religious mysticism.Started study of patients symptoms as method of diagnosis.Stressed moralistic attitude for practice of medicine(Hippocratic oath)Cornelius Celsus(Rome)53 BC-7 ADDescribed 4 cardinal signs of inflammation(redness,heat,swelling,pain)Hippocrates(Greece)460-377 BC大体病理学时期大体病理学
6、时期(AD 1500 to 1800)Giovanni B Morgagni(Italy)1682-1771Introduced clinicopathologic correlation(CPC)in the study of disease(cause,lesions,symptoms,outcome)John Hunter(Scotland)1728-1793Introduced pathology museum in the study of disease.R.T.H.Laennec(France)1781-1826Described several lung diseases su
7、ch as various tuberculous lesions of lungs,bronchiectasis.Described cirrhosis of liver(later called Laennecs cirrhosis).Invented stethoscope.John Hunter(Scotland)1728-1793R.T.H.Laennec(France)1781-1826细胞病理学时期细胞病理学时期(AD 1800 to 1950s)Rudolf Virchow(Germany)1821-1905Father of cellular pathologyIntrodu
8、ced histopathology as a diagnostic branch by his cellular theory George N.Papanicolaou(USA)1883-1962Father of exfoliative cytology Developed Pap smear for detection of cervical cancer in 1930s Rudolf Virchow(Germany)1821-1905George N.Papanicolaou(USA)1883-1962现代病理学时期现代病理学时期(1950s to dawn of 21st cen
9、tury)Watson and Crick 1953Described the structure of DNA Nowell and Hagerford 1960Philadelphia chromosome in CML i.e.t(9;22)Gall and Pardue 1969In Situ Hybridization Kary Mullis 1983Introduced polymerase chain reaction(PCR)著名病理学家著名病理学家 梁伯强教授梁伯强教授 1899-1968 著名病理学家著名病理学家 秦光煜教授秦光煜教授 1902-1969 病理学的分支学科病
10、理学的分支学科 General Pathology-dealing with general principles of disease Systemic Pathology-includes study of diseases pertaining to the specific organs and body systemsGeneral Pathology(总论)(总论)细胞、组织的适应与损伤细胞、组织的适应与损伤 损伤的修复损伤的修复 局部血液循环障碍局部血液循环障碍 炎症炎症 肿瘤肿瘤 免疫性疾病免疫性疾病Systemic Pathology(各论)(各论)心血管系统疾病心血管系统疾
11、病 呼吸系统疾病呼吸系统疾病 消化系统疾病消化系统疾病 淋巴造血系统疾病淋巴造血系统疾病 泌尿系统疾病泌尿系统疾病 生殖系统疾病生殖系统疾病 内分泌系统疾病内分泌系统疾病 神经系统疾病神经系统疾病病理学的分支学科病理学的分支学科 Histo-Pathology Experimental Pathology Molecular Pathology Chemical Pathology Geographic Pathology Immunology Haematology Medical Genetics实验病理学实验病理学Experimental Pathology 1919世纪法国生理学家世纪
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