支气管哮喘过敏鼻炎荨麻疹湿疹参考课件.ppt
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- 支气管哮喘 过敏 鼻炎 荨麻疹 湿疹 参考 课件
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1、n支气管哮喘 n过敏性鼻炎 n荨麻疹 n湿疹Bronchial Asthma支气管哮喘Overview(概述)nAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role.nCells:eosinophil,mast cell,T cell,neutrophil and epithelial cells,etc.支气管哮喘是由多种细胞(如噬酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞、T淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、气道上皮细胞等)和细胞组分参与的气道慢性炎症性疾病
2、。Overview(概述)nChronic inflammation leads to broncho-hy-perreactivity and recurrent episodes of wheezing,breathlessness,chest tightness,and coughing,particularly at night or in the early morning.这种慢性炎症导致气道高反应性的增加,并引起反复发作性的喘息、气急、胸闷或咳嗽等症状,常在夜间或清晨发作、加剧.诊断n气道高反应性为特征n典型的哮喘发作时:胸闷、呼吸困难、伴咳嗽、咯痰等症状。多在夜间发作;肺部听及
3、吹口哨声音,满布哮鸣音。n哮喘发作前几分钟往往有过敏症状:如 鼻痒、眼睛痒、打喷嚏、流涕、流泪和 干咳等。诊断n不典型的哮喘:主要表现为长期反复干咳,咽痒,胸闷不适,常发生在,影响睡眠,一般消炎止咳治疗无效。Understanding of Modern Medicine(Etiology)现代医学的认识(病因)nGenetic Factor(Polygenic Inheritance)遗传因素(多基因遗传)nShooting Factor(Allergic Constitution and External Factors)激发因素(个体过敏体质及外界环境的影响是发病的危险因素)Pathog
4、enesis(发病机制)nImmune-inflammation mechanism 免疫炎症机制nNeural mechanism 神经机制nAirway hyperreactivity mechanism 气道高反应性机制Understanding of TCM(中医的认识)nBronchial asthma belongs to asthma syndrome or dyspnea syndrome of TCM.支气管哮喘属于中医学的“哮证”、“喘证”范畴。nThe name of asthma wao first created by Zhudanxi.He made a speci
5、al articles in the Dan Xi Xin Fa.朱丹溪首创哮喘之名,在丹溪心法一书中作为专篇论述。Related Viscera and Meridians相关的脏腑、经络nThe disease location is in the lung,mainly impact the spleen and kidney.病位在肺,主要关系到脾肾。nRelated meridians(相关的经络):lung meridian 肺经 large intestine meridian 大肠经 heart meridian 心经 kidney meridian 肾经 Liver meri
6、dian 肝经Therapeutic Principle(治疗原则)nTreating the branch in attacking stage,treatment the root in remission stage-the basic therapeutic principle of this disease 发时治标、平时治本是治疗哮喘的最基本原则。Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy(针灸治疗)nAcupuncture treatment of asthma is in a very wide range of clinical applicati
7、ons.the effective rate of the therapy is about 80%in clinical reports.针灸诊疗哮喘在我国临床应用非常广泛,在临床报道中,有效率在80%左右。Needling Methods with Filiform Needle(毫针刺法)nAcute attack:Feishu,Dingchuan,Tiantu,Lieque,Fenglong.急性发作期:肺俞、定喘、天突、列缺、丰隆。In the case of invasion of wind-cold in the lung:add Dazhui,Fengmen.风寒犯肺者,加大椎
8、、风门。In the case of stagnation of phlegm-heat in the lung:add Chize,Yuji,(reducing manipulations)痰热壅肺者,加尺泽、鱼际,针用泻法。Needling Methods with Filiform Needle(毫针刺法)nRemission stage:Gaohuangshu,Feishu,Dingchuan,Guanyuan,Taiyuan.缓解期:膏肓俞、肺俞、定喘、关元、太渊。nLung and spleen qi deficiency:add Pishu,Zusanli.肺脾气虚者,加脾俞、足
9、三里。nYang deficiency of spleen and kidney:add Shenshu,Taixi(reinforcing manipulation).脾肾阳虚者,加肾俞、太溪,针用补法。Three Points-Five Needles-One CupTherapy“三穴五针一罐”疗法nPrinciple Points:Feishu(couple),Fengmen(couple),Dazhui.主穴:肺俞(双)、风门(双)、大椎穴nSupplementary points based on different symptoms 随症配穴nNeutral reinforcin
10、g-reducing manipulation 平补平泻手法nGet cupping after filiform needling 针后加拔火罐 支气管哮喘急性发作n平喘方法:双侧鱼际穴,直刺入1寸,强刺激,得气后留针30min,间隔行针10min,捻转1次,每天治疗1次。(一般30min内可见效)双侧翳风穴,针刺时斜刺或直刺1寸,进针后以提插手法为主,平补平泻,行针3-5min,起针时强刺激,不留针,针刺1min后有效。平喘方法双侧听会穴,双侧均进针后,双手提插捻转,以提插为主,平补平泻,行针1min。大部分病人可见哮喘平息,口唇紫绀转红润,听诊哮鸣音明显减少。组方主配穴n主穴:肺俞、定喘
11、。配穴:脾俞、肾俞、少商。此五穴均有较明显:抗过敏和平喘效果。n操作:用三棱针刺入穴位,深达肌层,上下划拨5-10次,以得起为度,每周2-3次。6-8次为一疗程,连续治疗2-3个疗程。注:此法实为针挑疗法的沿用;少商穴少用,疼痛明显。赖氏经验取穴平喘(4+1)n治则:发时治肺,兼调任脉。n主穴:尺泽双、孔最双、列缺双、鱼际双。配穴:天突、膻中、鸠尾。n操作:主穴(4个)+配穴(1个,任选)。先针主穴,顺序从尺泽鱼际,逆行而治,行捻转提插补泻法,得气后留针30min。中间行针1次,每日1次,6次为1疗程。n此法对于急性、慢性、虚实寒热均可用。本人已适用几十年,疗效显著。赖氏刺血拔罐法+针刺五穴n
12、主穴:大椎、定喘,以三棱针刺血拔罐.配穴:膻中、曲池、三阴交、太溪、复溜。均双侧取穴,以针刺方法得气后平补平泻,留针30min,每天1次,隔5天1次。n治疗支气管哮喘急性发作。挑刺法n主穴:天突、肺俞双、定喘双。配穴:(定喘)鸠尾。n操作:以自制挑刺专用钩针,针尖入穴位时,捻转(80度),进入真皮后以牵拉或抖动的方法挑断白色纤维。每周2次,6次为1疗程。n可收显著的平喘疗效。n注:为已故著名针灸学家司徒铃教授创用。Warming Moxibustion on Three Back-Shu Points温和灸三俞nPrinciple points:Feishu,Pishu.Shenshu 主穴:
13、肺俞、脾俞、肾俞。nSupplementary points:Dazhui,Guanyuan,Zusanli.配穴:大椎、关元、足三里。nPerformance:warming moxibustion(with moxa stick)操作方法:艾条温和灸。nCombining with filiform needling.结合针刺治疗 灸少商穴法n艾炷灸双侧少商穴,每次3-5壮,每日1次,10次为一疗程。n10次后可见明显疗效。赖氏传统三伏天灸法n主穴:肺俞、隔俞(四花穴)+定喘。配穴:大椎(初伏)百劳(中伏)膏肓俞(末伏)足三里(第四次加强)注:四花穴为肺俞、隔俞,为本人导师已故司 徒铃教授
14、几十年经验总结,可交通阴阳,调 理气血;加之定喘为经外奇穴中治疗哮喘的 特效穴,有别于治疗鼻炎等处方。赖氏传统三伏天灸法配穴的方法为赖氏经验天灸方:白芥子、半夏、细辛、元胡、甘遂、斑蝥等适量研末,可用鲜姜汁调成糊状,制成药饼。儿童三伏贴n用“冬病夏治”流传验方:白芥子 21g、细辛 21g、甘遂 12g、延胡索 12g(也有用仙茅)n共研细末,用生姜汁调成糊状,制成药饼;也有另加麝香末,每次0.5g,撒在药饼中。分成三份,在炎热三伏天(初伏、中伏、末伏各贴一次)儿童三伏贴天突、定喘、丰隆;肺俞、中喘;膻中、肾俞、足三里。n或选取背部的百劳、肺俞、膏肓俞三穴(双侧)n每次灸贴时间:婴儿1-2h;
15、学龄儿3-4h;成人4-6h;3次为1疗程,需连续治疗3个疗程。儿童三伏贴n注:敷药后局部有针刺样烧灼感或蚁爬行感。将药取下局部潮红,不久后起小水泡,而后融合成大水泡。3-4天后水泡逐渐吸收、结痂,7-10天结痂脱落,不留瘢痕。一般认为局部起泡者疗效较佳;局部无反应者多无疗效;局部反应快者由于反应慢者;水泡积液多者疗效优于积液少者。n作用机制:tigao迷走神经的兴奋性,还有扶阳固本。Auricular Acupuncture(耳针疗法)nPrinciple points:Qiguan(CO16)trachea,Fei(CO14)lung,Shen(CO10)kidney,Shenshangx
16、ian(TG2p)adrenal gland,Shenmen(TF4).取穴:支气管、肺、肾、神门、肾上腺。(图)nPerformance:Wangbuliuxingzi(Semen Vaccariae)fixed onto the ear acupoints.Advise the patient to press the acupoints many times a day;each time select one ear and change the other side every two days.n操作:用王不留行籽贴压穴位。嘱患者每日按压耳穴数次,2d更换一次,两耳交替。Acupo
17、int Injection(穴位注射)nPrinciple Points:Dingchuan,Feishu,Tiantu,Danzhong,Zhongfu,Kongzui,Fenglong,Shenzhu.n常用穴位:定喘、肺俞、天突、膻中、中府、孔最、丰隆、身柱等穴nCommon Injecta:CCO、Huangqi Injecta.常用注射液:维D2果糖酸钙注射液或黄芪注射液等。Chinese Medicine Therapy(中药治疗)Heat Syndrome(热喘)nTherapeutic Principle:cleaning away heat,resolving phlegm,
18、asthma-relieving.治则:清热化痰定喘nPrescription:Modified Dingchuan Decoction 方药:定喘汤加味nModification:On the base of Dingchuan Decoction:add Chuanbei,Jinqiaomai,Danshen.Add Gualou,Madouling if cough seriously 以原方加川贝、金荞麦、丹参、咯甚加瓜蒌、马兜铃。Cold Syndrome寒喘nTherapeutic Principle:warming the lung,dispelling cold,asthma-
19、relieving.治则:温肺散寒定喘nPrescription:Modified Suzijiangqi Decoction.方药:苏子降气汤加味 nOn the base of Suzijiangqi Decoction:add Baijiezi,Zhimahuang,Danshen,Chuanbei.add Chuanjiao and Ganjiang if the symptom of cold syndrome is serious.以原方加白芥子、炙麻黄、丹参、川贝,寒甚加川椒、干姜。Deficiency Syndrome(虚哮)nTherapeutic Principle:rei
20、nforcing deficiency,asthma-relieving 治则:补虚定喘 nPrescription:self-made Guzhenjiangqi Decoction.n方药:固真降气汤加味(自拟)nIngredient:Renshen,Shudi,Danggui,Shanyurou,Hutaoren,Maidong,Wuweizi,Huainiuxi,Baijiezi,Shengjiang,Placental powder(infused with water).基本药物:人参、熟地、当归、山萸肉、胡桃肉、麦冬、五味子、怀牛膝、白芥子、生姜、胎盘粉(吞服)。Wind Syn
21、drome风哮nTherapeutic Principle:nourishing liver,dispelling wind,asthma-relieving 治则:柔肝祛风定喘nPrescription:modified Guominjian.方药:过敏煎加味 nIngredient:Chaihu,Fangfeng,Wumei,Wuweizi,Huangqin,Sugeng,Gancao,Xingren,Zhimahuang,Dilong.药物:柴胡、防风、乌梅、五味子、黄芩、苏梗、甘草、杏仁、炙麻黄、地龙干。Stasis Syndrome(瘀哮)nTherapeutic principle
22、:activating blood and dissolving stasis 治则:活血化瘀nPrescription:Modified Xuefuzhuyu Decoction 主方:血府逐瘀汤加减Ingredient:Danshen,Honghua,Chuanxiong,Danggui,Chishao,Huainiuxi.On attack stage:add Dilong,Tinglizi.Symptom of stasis syndrome is serious:add hirudo powder.基本药物:丹参、红花、川芎、当归、赤芍、怀牛膝,发作期加地龙干、葶苈子,瘀甚加用水蛭粉
23、。儿童支气管哮喘n发作期 处方:射干、桂枝、五味子、法半夏 各9g,生石膏 30g,生麻黄、细辛(各3g)。水煎内服,日1剂,分3次口服。中西医结合杂志1986(11)儿童支气管哮喘n缓解期 哮喘症状缓解后停用西药,改服中药。处方:党参、黄芪、白术、黄精、沙参、丹参、熟地、五味子、仙灵脾(各15g)。浓煎至200ml,用量:乳儿20ml,幼儿30ml,学龄前(7岁前)40ml,8-16岁50ml。一日两次,口服。4-8周为1疗程。n治疗后1年内不复发20%,总有效率90.6%.Steroid-dependent Asthma激素依赖型哮喘nBelong to deficiency syndro
24、me,commonly appear after high-dose corticosteroids,also can be seen in the process of hormone withdrawal.The therapeutic principle is in favor of reinforcing deficiency,and take into account of eliminating pathogenic factors.激素依赖性哮喘属于虚喘,在大剂量应用激素后常见,在激素撤减过程中也可见到。治则重在补益,兼以祛邪。Steroid-dependent Asthma激素
25、依赖型哮喘nThree sub-syndromes 此型患者有三个亚型:nKidney-yin-deficiency syndrome 肾阴虚nKidney-yang-deficiency syndrome 肾阳虚nKidney-yin-yang-deficiency syndrome 肾阴阳两虚Steroid-dependent Asthma激素依赖型哮喘nKidney-yin-deficiency syndrome 肾阴虚 Shengdi,Shanyurou,Ejiao,Gouqi.以生地、山萸肉、阿胶、枸杞为主nKidney-yang-deficiency syndrome 肾阳虚Fuz
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