2022年北京高考英语阅读C篇分析和答案解析.docx
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1、2022年北京高考英语阅读C篇分析和答案解析如何应对全球挑战,比如achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition?Professor Crystal给出我们需要的答案。(原文)“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” Its a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining
2、 something that isnt part of real lifeand learning how to make it realis a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The resultan approach known as systems thinkingis now seen as essen
3、tial in meeting global challenges.由问题或例子开启一篇抽象的文章,是说明文或议论文常用的手法。本文亦是。笔者在其他文章中谈及问句犹如向导作用。“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” is a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students and they found it hard to answer,关于“如果没有饥饿,这个世界会怎样”的问题,Professor Crystal的学生竟无言而对。背后原因在于imagining some
4、thing that isnt part of real lifeand learning how to make it realis a rare skill that is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists,也即,想象一些不是现实生活中的东西,并学会如何使之成为现实是一项罕见的技能。该技能被传授给了艺术家和工程师,但很少传授给科学家。基于此,Crystal着手改变这种现状,并帮助创建一个全球运动(a global movement)。其结果,an approach known as syst
5、ems thinkingis now seen as essential in meeting global challenges,也即,一种被称之为系统思维的方法,被视为应对全球挑战的关键。这也是作者针对systems thinking或systems approach所做评论。至此,全文关键词systems thinking被作者呈现在读者面前。(原文)Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considerin
6、g the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect (交叉) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food systemor any other networkrequires three things to happen. First, researc
7、hers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.回归the question “What would the world be if there were no hun
8、ger?” asked by Professor Crystal,也即zero hunger(零饥饿),再有better nutrition(更好的营养),而取得这两个目标的关键在于系统思维(systems thinking)。原因在于系统思维要求considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect with human health, the environment, economics and so
9、ciety,也即,考虑事物生产,加工,运输和消费的方式。除此之外,还要看这些(环节)和人类健康,环境,经济与社会间的交叉方式。基于systems thinking,无论是改变食物系统(the food system)还是任何其他的网络,对于研究者而言,皆需发生三件事情:一是identify all the players in that system,找到该体系中的参与者;二是work out how they relate to each other,找出参与者之间的关系;三是understand and quantify the impact of those relationships
10、on each other and on those outside the system,理解和量化这些关系对彼此以及系统之外的影响。此段主讲systems thinking之于zero hunger的作用和以及在systems thinking的指引之下,changing the food system的所需操作。(原文)Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished (营养不良) people in the world has been rising
11、, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets c
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