医学专业英语词汇培训课件.ppt

1、医学专业英语词汇医学专业英语词汇origin of medical English words1.from common English2.from Latin 3.from Greek 4.coinage医学专业英语词汇2l1.words coming from common English:whooping cough百日咳lA highly contagious disease of the respiratory system,usually affecting children,that is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis

2、and is characterized in its advanced stage by spasms of coughing interspersed with deep,noisy inspirations.lAlso called pertussisl 百日咳 医学专业英语词汇3 pinkeye/epidemic keratoconjunctivitis(角膜结膜炎)lknock-knee/genu valgum(膝内翻)lathletes foot/tinea pedis足廯lpiles/hemorrhoids(痔疮)llockjaw/tetanus(破伤风)lfits/convul

3、sion(惊厥）医学专业英语词汇4lFever发热;short-sight近视;lconsumption 肺痨（消耗）nettle rash;风疹lstroke;中风 baldness;lindigestion;消化不良 blister;水疱，砂眼lSwelling肿;measles麻疹lRabies狂犬病;windpipe气管医学专业英语词汇5Words coming from Latinhuman bodyanatomyfunction or statuscerebrum(脑）ala（翼）rigor（寒战）pelvis（骨盆）plexus（丛）stuporcornea（角膜）plica（皱

4、襞）nausea humerus（肱骨）fossa（窝）tonus（肌肉的强直性,强直性痉挛）医学专业英语词汇6lcapita（头）lcervix (颈）lbronchus（支气管）lAbdomen腹部，腹腔lbrachium(臂）laorta（主动脉）los（骨）医学专业英语词汇7lremember them:lcutis（真皮）lfascia（筋膜）corpuslgenu（膝）vertebra（椎骨）llabium（唇）lsinus（窦）医学专业英语词汇8Words coming from Greeklthorax（胸）liris（虹膜）lmetra（子宫）lcolon（结肠）lsteno

5、sis（狭窄）lstasis（停滞）lptosis（下垂）lectopia（异位）医学专业英语词汇9other common medical words from Greeklstoma（口，小空）soma（身体，躯干）glottis（声门）lderma（真皮）llarynx（喉）lnephron（肾单位）lrachis（脊柱）lpharynx（咽）lphalanx（指骨）医学专业英语词汇10coinagelTularemia(Tulare；a place in California)（土拉菌病,兔热病；野兔病）lCushing Disease(first discovered by Harv

6、ey Cushing)lVen De berghs test(to test icterus and liver disease)医学专业英语词汇11some common coinageslAlzheimers disease/presenile dementia l(早老性痴呆）lGravess disease/exophthalmic goiterl（突眼性甲状腺肿）lParkinsons disease/paralysis agitansl（震颤麻痹）lAddisons disease/chronic hypoadrenocorticisml（慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退）lPotts di

7、sease/spinal caries（脊柱骨疽）医学专业英语词汇12basic elements of medical words1.root(base)2.affixes:prefixes suffixes3.Vowels元音 thats join the parts above mentioned医学专业英语词汇13Some examples of roots(bases)Word Root MeaningEpigraphic碑文的graphwritingAtrophy萎缩trophnourishing 医学专业英语词汇14Some examples of roots(bases)Wor

8、d Root MeaningLobotomy额叶切除术Lob(e)A subdivision of a bodily organ or part bounded by fissures,connective tissue,or other structural boundaries.医学专业英语词汇15Word RootMeaningUrology泌尿学ur(ine)waste,fluid,acid product secreted by the kidneysIrotomy虹膜切开术ir(is)pigmented,round,contractile membrane of the eye,p

9、ericardiotomy 心包切开术cardioheart nephrotomy肾切开术 nephrkidney医学专业英语词汇16l The combing vowellFind the combing vowels in the following words:lgeograph y地理lMetropolis大都市lOrthodox正统的lMonotonous单调的lAnthology诗集医学专业英语词汇17loptometrist(验光师)lUrology泌尿学lHydrotherapy水疗法lAuriscope耳镜lCentigrade摄氏lMilimeter毫米lPelvimete

10、r骨盆测量器医学专业英语词汇18en,em(in,into)endemic（地方性的）exo(out of)exocrine（外分泌）hypo(under,below)hypothermia（低温）hypothyroidism（甲状腺机能减退）hyper(over,above)hyperdontia（牙过多）peri (around)pericardium（心包）医学专业英语词汇20para (beside,near)paramedical（准医学的）anti(against)antibiotic（抗生素）antipyretic（退热剂）syn,sym,syl (together,with)s

11、yndrome（综合症）symbiosis（共生）epi(on)epidemic（流行病）医学专业英语词汇21Some common prefixes from Latinin(without)insomnia(失眠）in somnia睡梦 indigestion（消化不良）ante(before)antenatal（出生前的）pre(before)prealveolar（牙槽前的）prediastole（舒张前期）post(after)postmortem（死后）postpartum（产后）intra intracellular（细胞内的）intravenous（静脉内的）医学专业英语词汇2

12、2lextra(outside)extradental(牙外的）l extraoral（口外的）lin(into)inoculation（接种）l invasion（入侵）lex(out of)excretion（排泄）l expiration（呼气；终止）lsub(below,under)subnormal（低于正常的l sublingual（舌下的）linfra(below,beneath)infrasonic（听阈下的）l infrapsychic（精神阈下的）医学专业英语词汇23Some common suffixes from Greeklia （状态）anorexia（厌食）lis

13、m（状态，理论)l autism（孤僻症）l giantism（巨型）losis（状态，增多）l leukocytosis（白细胞增多）医学专业英语词汇24lin （素）l insulin（胰岛素）fibrin（纤维素）lgen,genic,genesisl(原；产生：的；产生）lfibrinogen（纤维蛋白原）llactogenic（乳生成的）ltropic,tropism l（亲：的；促：的）l hydrotropic（向水的）l医学专业英语词汇25lphobia,phobic（恐怖）lhydrophobia（恐水病）lphilia,philiclchromophilia(嗜染性）lph

14、otophilic（嗜光的）医学专业英语词汇26 Competing formslalso called duplication.luse both Greek and Latin as sources for medical word bases.three types of competing forms :l1)those that have the same base but different combing vowels;l2)two forms of the same base;l3)two bases with the same meaning.(one from Greek,

15、one from Latin)医学专业英语词汇271)those that have the same base but different combing vowelsexample:Bronchial支气管的 bronchopneumonia支气管肺炎 Oviduct输卵管 ovoplasm卵浆 医学专业英语词汇28l2)two forms of the same base;l example:lHemorrhage出血 hematology血液学 lIrotomy虹膜切开术 iridomalacia虹膜软化l 医学专业英语词汇29l3)two bases with the same me

16、aning.l(one from Greek,one from Latin)lsynonym:denote the same object,process,condition,or functionl 医学专业英语词汇30example Latin Greek Meaning dentist 牙医 odont olog ist teethlacrimal 泪腺dacry o cysttearoral 口的stomat o pathymouth 医学专业英语词汇31 exerciseslGive the meanings of the words given below:l dentist od

17、ontologist llacrimal dacryocystloral stomatopathy医学专业英语词汇32lhemolhematolhematopoiesis（造血）lhematocyte（血细胞）lhematodynamics（血液动力学）lsanguilsanguification（造血）lsanguineous（血液充足的）lsanguivorous(食血的）lsanguine（面色红润的；充满希望的）lsanguinary（血腥的；嗜血成性的医学专业英语词汇33lsomatolmedical words:lSomatology人体学 common wordlsomaticl

18、corp(corpus)lcorpor(corpora)lcorpselcorporeal lcorporeal punishmentlcorpulent（肥胖的）lcorps（军团）lcorporation医学专业英语词汇34lCl）Greek roots:can combine freely and causally same kinds:oto-rhino-laryngo-logy(耳鼻喉科）psycho-neurotic（精神神经病的）different kinds pan-col-ectomy（全结肠切除术）poly-dys-plas-ia（多种发育障碍）医学专业英语词汇35l）Latin rootslusually combined between the same kinds:lauri-nasallLabio-dental医学专业英语词汇36