2018年高考英语命题规律解读（含英语冲刺题和解析）.docx

1、2018届高考英语冲刺题  2018年高考命题规律解读阅读理解（1）考什么？近几年阅读理解命题的大体格局一致，基本上可以归纳为主旨大意题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、细节理解题和观点态度意图题。从整体来看，细节理解题占多数，推理判断题其次，然后是观点态度意图、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。（2）怎么考？体裁和题材内容：近几年全国卷高考试题阅读理解的文体多为记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文四种。选材贴近实际生活、时代感强、强调实际应用，渗透文化意识、情感态度等人文素养的考查，使学生能够展示个性发展和思维的多样性与开放性、感悟人生价值、弘扬正能量、培养核心素养体系。内容涉及政治、经济、人物、动物、故

2、事、新闻、教育、广告、哲理、生态、环保、科普、史地、节日、社会、卫生等多个领域。相比较来看，社会文化、人物故事、科普知识和时文报道类的语篇所占比例较大。语言特点：所选材料基本都是英文原版材料，能够体现当代英语的特点，用词简练，生动，语句富于变化，长短句搭配得当，常用词的深层或引申意义也处理得比较恰当，既不限于教材原义，又不涉及过于生僻的用法。句子结构几乎囊括了英语句法修辞中的所有语句结构形式，如简单句、复合句、虚拟语气、倒装句、省略句、强调句、插入语等。行文的跳跃程度较大，陈述次序变化起伏，隐含信息较多等。此外，长难句和优美的经典句子、谚语等的增加也是这几年高考英语阅读理解的一大亮点，在今后的

3、高考阅读试题中仍将继续保持这种态势。（3）命题趋势：选材不拘泥特定的规律模式，而是向多元性发展，主要以引导考生在理解文章内容和作者观点态度的基础上弘扬传统文化、关注中国和世界发展大势，深入思考人与自然的关系，体悟和谐发展之道，培养创新精神和人文情怀。考点仍将以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，词义推测仍然以每年一题的形式出现，而主旨大意题、标题归纳题、观点态度题以及代词指代题则是灵活出现。Passage 1    I starts to get creativeMost people nowadays own a device (设备) that features artific

4、ial intelligence (AI), with the likes of Siri always there to greet us with a friendly voice.But Microsofts XiaoIce is different. Launched (投入) in 2014 for the Chinese market, “she” has a creative edge over her competitors.While most AI assistants simply read out information they get online, such as

5、 movie listings or weather forecasts (预报), XiaoIce has a “realness” that the others lack. Indeed, if you asked nicely, she could read you a poem from her new weekly column in West China City Daily.The newspaper has been printing XiaoIces self-penned poetry each week since Aug 19, taken from her own

6、book of poems, The Sunlight that Lost the Glass Window.wTo turn XiaoIce into a master of poetry, Microsoft scientists “fed” her the works of over 500 influential modern poets, including those of Hu Shi, Li Jinfa, Lin Huiyin, Xu Zhimo, and Wen Yiduo, reported China Daily.This led to her figuring out

7、a writing style of her own and creating over 70,000 original poems, with 137 used to produce the book.x Most of the poems are indistinguishable (难区分的) from those written by humans, and XiaoIces book even got good feedback (反馈) from experts.“XiaoIces work carries a strange taste. The more you chew on

8、 it, the more interesting it becomes,” Zhang Zonggang, a literature professor at the Nanjing University of Science and Technology, told the South China Morning Post. But it seems not everyone is a fan.“The poems disgusted me with their slippery (油滑的) tone and rhythm. The sentences were aimless and s

9、uperficial (肤浅的), lacking the inner logic for emotional expression,” Yunnan-based poet Yu Jian told China Youth Daily.This isnt the first AI to attempt poetry. Last year, Googles Parsey McParseface made some poems of its own, although they were branded “miserable (令人不快的)” and “mournful (使人忧郁的) ” by

10、reviewers.While it seems like AI is becoming more “intelligent” and less “artificial” all the time, when it comes to creativity, perhaps this is one job that software should leave to us humans.Choose the answer:1. What advantage does XiaoIce have over most other AI assistants?A. She can greet users

11、with her friendly voice.              B. She is able to read poetry for users.C. She can acquire information online very quickly.     D. She has the ability to create original poems.2. What is the correct description of XiaoIce?A. Her works are welcomed b

12、y many influential modern poets.B. Her poems are comparable to those written by humans.C. She is working on a monthly column in a newspaper.D. Her works dont have a specific writing style.3. What is the problem about XiaoIces poems, according to the text?A. Its quite hard to understand what her work

13、s mean.B. Her poems are sorrowful and lack creativity.C. The tone and rhythm of her poems are questionable.D. The emotional expressions in her poems deserve more attention.Passage 2One step too farScientists have been trying to figure out how to alter the genes of humans for many years now, and it l

14、ooks like theyve finally cracked (破解) the code. But while this may seem like a great step forward in science, some also believe that its one step back when it comes to ethics.wIn August, a group of scientists from the US and South Korea worked together to successfully edit a human embryo and remove

15、a genetic mutation (基因突变) that would have led to heart disease, reported The Guardian.This was achieved with the help of CRISPR, a gene-editing tool that allows scientists to “cut and paste (粘贴)” human DNA.Although this was the first example of an embryos genes being changed successfully, the benefi

16、ts of gene editing have already been tested in living patients.In 2015, a five-month-old girl from the UK was saved after doctors used edited cells to fight off her cancer. As of today, shes alive and well.And in the US last year, scientists managed to remove HIV cells from several patients by editi

17、ng the genes inside their bodies.Some people hope that in the future, diseases or birth defects (缺陷) could simply be “edited out”. However, others believe this could lead to so-called designer babies, giving parents the option to choose everything from eye color to intelligence.“You could find wealt

18、hy parents buying the latest upgrades (升级) for their children, leading to even greater inequality than we already live with,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics, told BBC News.In spite of these ethical concerns, experts say its not possible to create the “perfect” hum

19、an being. Despite the progress scientists have made, we dont understand human genes enough to give an unborn child great brainpower or amazing singing abilities.“Right now, we know nothing about genetic enhancement (提升),” Hank Greely, a director of sciences at Stanford University, US, told The New Y

20、ork Times. “Were never going to be able to say, honestly, This embryo looks like it would score high on the two-part SAT.”So it looks like if we want good exam results, or to impress people with our piano skills, well have to stick with the old fashioned method of plain hard work at least for now.Ch

21、oose the best answer:1. The underlined word “alter” in Paragraph 1 probably means _.A. record         B.change      C. remove      D. increase2.Why do some people consider human gene editing a step backwards?A. They dont think it is an effective way

22、to fight diseases.B. They are concerned that it could lead to genetic mutations.C. They think it could lead to designer babies and increased inequality.D. They worry that it could make parents abandon children with birth defects.3. What was the first successful example of human embryo gene editing?A

23、. A genetic mutation related to heart disease was removed by scientists.B. A newborn baby with cancer was saved by edited cells.C. HIV cells were removed from patients bodies.D. Some birth defects were simply edited out.4. What can we conclude from the text?A. Gene editing is regarded as the perfect

24、 way to treat birth defects.B. There is still a long way to go to fully understand human genes.C. Gene editing could help enhance human intelligence in the near future.D. Scientists are pessimistic about the future of gene editing.Passage 3Studying MandarinUS teenager Thomas Cheatham had planned to

25、study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin (普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin,” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the langu

26、age.He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese-speaking friends.While its a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.“Chinese is a good langu

27、age to know, especially with China becoming a growing power,” he said.Many experts agree that proficiency in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandari

28、n is growing,” said Marty Abbott, executive director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “Were seeing it in all parts of the country.”Abbott estimates that as many as 100,000 students are now studying Mandarin throughout the US, in public and private schools.She said the US

29、 government has designated (指定) Mandarin as a “critical (重要的) needs” language and provides professional development programs for teachers.“Our government wants to increase our language competency (能力) for national security and economic competitiveness,” Abbott said.At the same time, the Chinese gove

30、rnment is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes established in many US states.For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas in Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors (主办) Confucius Classrooms at 21

31、local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.Choose the best answer:1. Thomas Cheatham decided to study Mandarin instead of Latin because he thought _.A. Mandarin was easier to learn than LatinB. Mandarin might help him learn more about Chinese foodC. M

32、andarin could enable him to make more friends onlineD. Mandarin could be advantageous in his future career2. The underlined word “proficiency” in Paragraph 6 probably means _.A. strong interest B. great skillC. lack of practice D. a level of difficulty3. Which of the following statements might Marty

33、 Abbott agree with?A. Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.B. The US governments policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.C. Many Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their national security.D. Those competent at Chinese will be the most competitive in the US

34、 in the future.4. What is the main idea of the article?A. The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.B. The influence of Chinas growing power on American education.C. The benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.D. How Confucius Institutes in the US help promote Mandarin.Pa

35、ssage 4Best place for DisneyHaving a year-round comfortable climate and being close to several European countries, many thought that Paris was the perfect location for Europes first Disneyland. But culturally speaking, Paris was probably the least logical choice. This is because France is known for

36、its reputation of smirking (得意地笑) at anything American an attitude called “anti-Americanism”.Despite this, Disney opened a park in Paris anyway.Opening in 1992, this year marks its 25th anniversary. So how has it managed to survive for so long in a country that some thought may not welcome it?Accord

37、ing to NPR, “America poses (造成) a danger to everything the French hold dear.” For example, France is famous for its fancy cuisine (菜肴) and people there usually spend a long time over meals. But the US fast food hotdogs and hamburgers, to name two introduced a completely different dining style. And i

38、n the film industry, while French culture values low-plot and high-art films, Hollywoods fast-food-style film productions may seem of low taste in the eyes of the French.“In the land of Louis XIVs real Castle of Versailles why do we need the fake one of Sleeping Beauty?” is the reaction of many Fren

39、ch people toward the US theme park, according to The Baltimore Sun newspaper.There used to be doubt over whether the Disney magic would work in France. But this doubt has been proved unnecessary now that the park has being standing for 25 years. And according to The Telegraph, Disneyland Paris was v

40、isited by nearly 15 million people last year, half of whom were French.“France is changing. Slowly, its way of life is beginning to resemble (与相似) that of the country it loves to hate,” commented The Economist.Today, even though French people are still seen as “aloof (冷淡的)” and proud of their own cu

41、lture more than anything, they are already a part of the trend of globalization and there is no getting out of it.“At the core, America gives us the same effect as ice cream,” French journalist Jacqueline Remy once wrote in LExpress magazine. “It makes us sick, but we keep asking for it.”Choose the

42、best answer:1. What is the article mainly about?A. How French people hold an “anti-American” attitude.B. How Paris was the perfect location for Europes first Disneyland.C. The characteristics of French people and their unique culture.D. A look at Frances changing attitude toward US culture.2. The ex

43、amples in Paragraph 4 are used to show that _.A. French people have a better taste in filmsB. France is famous for its cuisine and moviesC. American culture is important to the FrenchD. American culture may threaten French culture3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Disneyland Paris ac

44、cording to the article?A. It was designed to look like the Castle of Versailles.B. Most French people refuse to visit it.C. It is a popular destination for French tourists.D. It mixes American and French culture.4. What can be concluded from the last three paragraphs?A. French people are no longer p

45、roud of their own culture.B. Most French people consider globalization a bad influence.C. American culture is having an influence on French peoples lives.D. French people are completely open to American culture.Passage 5Simple life makes us happyWhat makes us happy?There has long been a notion (观念)

46、that money buys happiness. However, although “we really, really tried that for a couple of generations, it didnt work,” said Francine Jay, author of The Joy of Less, A Minimalist Living Guide: How to Declutter, Organize, and Simplify Your Life.Thanks to a travel-inspired revelation (启发), Jay has bee

47、n happily living a simpler life for 12 years. “I always packed as lightly as possible, and found it exhilarating (令人高兴的) to get by with just a small carry-on bag,” she told CNN. “I thought if it feels this great to travel lightly, how amazing would it be to live this way? I wanted to have that same

48、feeling of freedom in my everyday life.”Jay decided to get rid of all her excess (额外的) possessions and live with just the essentials (必需品). “I wanted to spend my time and energy on experiences, rather than things.”Jay is a follower of a movement called “minimalism (极简主义)”. Growing numbers of people

49、have been attracted to this lifestyle all over the world. They share the same feeling of disappointment with modern life and a desire to live more simply. Minimalists are typically progressive (革新的) and concerned about the environment, Leah Watkins, a lead researcher at Otago University in New Zealand, told Stuff magazine in March.But many simply exper