完形填空解题步骤与技巧课件.ppt

1、解题步骤与技巧解题步骤与技巧完完 形形 填填 空空一、高考完形填空特点一、高考完形填空特点:题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章.内容完整内容完整,逻辑性强逻辑性强,语言结构严谨语言结构严谨.考察近义词语细微差别的辨析考察近义词语细微差别的辨析.考察重点多为实词考察重点多为实词:名名/代代/动词动词/形容形容/副词等副词等.关注语境背景知识关注语境背景知识,侧重上下关联侧重上下关联,暗示判断暗示判断能力能力.侧重于篇章侧重于篇章,体现语用判断和内在逻辑体现语用判断和内在逻辑.v完形填空题是对考生英语完形填空题是对考生英语综合运用能力综合运用能力的考查的考查,既考查考生对

2、既考查考生对语篇的理解能力语篇的理解能力,包括篇章阅读理包括篇章阅读理解解,获取和分析信息的能力获取和分析信息的能力,又又在语篇层面上考在语篇层面上考查学生在一定的语境中准确查学生在一定的语境中准确,恰当恰当,得体运用词得体运用词汇汇的能力。的能力。v对应解题策略对应解题策略:更多从更多从语篇整体语篇整体,语境逻辑语境逻辑和和用用词得体词得体的角度考虑的角度考虑,而不应局限于某一句或只停而不应局限于某一句或只停留于表面意义。留于表面意义。我们做题时存在的主要问题我们做题时存在的主要问题1.做题时的急躁或畏惧心理。做题时的急躁或畏惧心理。很多考生一拿到完形填空题很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择

3、答案，不认真分析通篇文章，就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，单纯求快，忽略单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量的效率。题的质量的效率。2.不注意文章的上下文联系。不注意文章的上下文联系。上下文是营造语境的基础，上下文是营造语境的基础，也是逻辑推理的依据也是逻辑推理的依据。通过分析句与句之间的逻辑关系，。通过分析句与句之间的逻辑关系，根据上下文中对比，根据上下文中对比，因果，转折及用途等线索，前后顺因果，转折及

4、用途等线索，前后顺序及前后文中提示与解释的关系，可猜出文中的生词和缺序及前后文中提示与解释的关系，可猜出文中的生词和缺失的词。失的词。3.同义词用法的辨析不清。同义词用法的辨析不清。4.时间安排不当，时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，导致许多本可在几个选项上过分纠缠，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做的，再考虑较难的。的，再考虑较难的。1.纵观全文，理解大意作联想。纵观全文，理解大意作联想。2.微观推敲，先易后难找联系。微观推敲，先易后难找联系。3.观前顾后，修正核对靠逻辑。观前顾后，修正核对靠逻辑。1.充分利用句

5、首信息充分利用句首信息2.抓住中心意思抓住中心意思-围绕什么话题围绕什么话题 (在文章中出现频率最多的词在文章中出现频率最多的词)3.逻辑推理逻辑推理4.利用上下文线索利用上下文线索5.注意固定的搭配注意固定的搭配6.根据文化背景和生活常识解题根据文化背景和生活常识解题7.注意关连词的重要性注意关连词的重要性(特别是转折、并列、特别是转折、并列、因果等等因果等等)8.借助词汇复现现象解题借助词汇复现现象解题Have a try It was the night of the full moon,a time which always drives Javas young people mad

6、with excitement.Fireworks were lit long before the moon 36.The big noise brought people out 37 the warm night to enjoy the interesting scene.Everywhere,there were the paper remainsof 38 fireworks lying on the ground.Little boys 39 moreand covered their ears as they waited 40 for the explosions.36.A.

7、let out B.gave out C.came out D.set out 37.A.into B.at C.of D.from38.A.burning B.used C.exploding D.broken39.A.lit B.bought C.piled D.removed40.A.patiently B.calmly C.worriedly D.excitedly 1.充分利用首句信息解题充分利用首句信息解题 Every Thursday afternoon,my art history class is not in our usual lecture hall but in ou

8、r university Art museum.We spend our one-hour class discussing two or three of the 1,many of which are by artists that we have already studied in class.The professor begins by selecting one 2 of art.After giving us a quick background on the artist,he will open up for class 3.Everyone is encouraged t

9、o give 4 on the work.1.A.subjects B.paintings C.speeches D.lectures 2.A.book B.passage C.text D.work 3.A.discussion B.activity C.argument D.consideration 4.A.questions B.ideas C.comments D.thoughts2.2.抓住中心意思抓住中心意思-围绕什么话题围绕什么话题 (在文章中出现频率最多的词在文章中出现频率最多的词)3.3.逻辑推理逻辑推理A friend of mine taking an advanced

10、 psychology(心理学)course spends every Saturday working with mentally(智力上)21 children,which,though a little tiring,she found valuable.Her 22 are spent playing with the kids and 23 their sometimes uncontrolled(失控的)behavior.Then in the afternoon she writes a 24 on her observations(观察).21.A.harmed B.hurt

11、C.disabled D.excited22.A.holidays B.mornings C.weekends D.experiments23.A.helping B.preventing C.enjoying D.studying 24.A.story B.diary C.report D.note Students generally appreciate(认可)these special 50 opportunities(机会).They are almost always fun and interesting,and professors 51 them too because st

12、udents learn so much in just a few short months.50.A.working B,living C.teaching D.learning51.A.hold B.like C.dislike D.discoverTry again1).We travel to _ our knowledge of the world in which we live.Knowledge obtained from books alone is not enough.A.take B.touch C.increase D.find4.依据上下文的线索依据上下文的线索3

13、).Not all of these fairies are the friendly,people-loving characters that appear in Disney films,and in some folktales they are 22 and cause much human suffering.A.powerful B.cruel C.frightened D.extraordinary4).To make sure that he was _26_with love and respect,Nobel arranged in his _27_to give the

14、 largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes,which would be awarded to people who made great contributions to the causes of peace,literature,and the sciences.26.A.repaid B.described C.supported D.remembered 27 A.book B.article C.will D.contract5.注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名

15、词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。A young man,wet from 42 to toe,explained that he had 43 out of petrol about 30 km up the road.42.A.finger B.should C.head D.hand43.A.drive B.used C.come D.runfrom head to toe 从头到脚run out of 用完use up6.根据文化背景和生活常识解题根据文化背景和生活常识解题1).(Im

16、mediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.A.animal B.biggest C.plant D.nearest2).Both of us were sitting in the bakers van,which was full of hot _29_with most delicious smell.“hungry?”said the driver.We nodded,and she pulled out a long thin loaf and handed it to us.29.A

17、 coffee B.soup C.water D.bread3).The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world.36(Owning)springs and streams sometimes means control,particularly in the 37 areas like the desert.37 Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 4).In the summer vacation of 2017,I was fixed with a job.I wo

18、rked as a(n)_ at Mr.Breens fruit shop.A.operator B.assistant C.waiter D.secretary5).The ring had been damaged in the great _ of the fire.A.pile B.heat C.power D.pressure7.7.注意关连词的重要性注意关连词的重要性(特别是转折、并列、特别是转折、并列、因果等等）因果等等）1).Hellen was an old teacher with a warm smile and _eyes.A.bursting B.freezing C

19、.friendly D.lively 2).I shrugged my shoulders.I thought my mothersidea was a bad one,but I _A.guessed B.obeyed C.begged D.admitted8.借助词汇复现现象解题借助词汇复现现象解题1)In particular,there was(and perhaps still is)a belief in fairies.Not all of these _21_ are the friendly,people-loving characters that appear in Di

20、sney films,and in some folk-tales they are _22_ and cause much human suffering.21 A.babies B.believes C.fairies D.supermen22.A.powerful B.cruel C.frightened D.extraordinary8.借助词汇复现现象解题借助词汇复现现象解题2）On August 26,2017,New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm.The rain caused the streets to _36_ a

21、nd the subway system almost came to a stop.31.A.break B.flood C.sink D.crash8.借助词汇复现现象解题借助词汇复现现象解题3）Garths email was short,but I learned more from that _51_ message than I ever did from a textbook 51.A accurate B.urgent C.brief D.humorous1.1.多掌握一些固定搭配，包括固定短语多掌握一些固定搭配，包括固定短语和习惯和习惯 用法等。用法等。2.2.词语辨析，表面

22、上是语境中词语的语词语辨析，表面上是语境中词语的语意选意选 择，其实是考查词汇的运用能力。择，其实是考查词汇的运用能力。3.3.熟练的语法知识，尽管近年来单纯考熟练的语法知识，尽管近年来单纯考查语法知识的题很少，但熟练的语法知查语法知识的题很少，但熟练的语法知识不但可以有助于快速理解文章的句子识不但可以有助于快速理解文章的句子结构和大意，对解题也很有助。结构和大意，对解题也很有助。【应试对策应试对策】Tips4.4.注意培养结合全文结构和中心思想，注意培养结合全文结构和中心思想，根据常识和上下文提供的信息进行理解、根据常识和上下文提供的信息进行理解、分析和推理的能力。分析和推理的能力。5.5.要加强对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如要加强对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等，以及对转换词语的运用能力的培养。等，以及对转换词语的运用能力的培养。6.6.坚持每天练一篇完型填空题。坚持每天练一篇完型填空题。