名词性从句和虚拟语气课件.ppt

1、一、相关概念二、种类三、常见引导词四、七大常考考点1.thatwhatwhich 2.it形式主语、宾语的用法3.语序问题 4.同位语从句和定从的区别5.whatwhatever6.ifwhether 7.虚拟语气问题五、2019年高考定语从句和名词性从句考题.相关概念1.名词名词：表示人或事物的名称的词：表示人或事物的名称的词2.名词的句法作用名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作：名词在句中主要作主语主语,宾语宾语,表语和同位语表语和同位语。另外还可以作。另外还可以作定语定语,状语状语。3.名词性从句名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的充当的主主 语

2、语、宾语宾语、表语表语和和同位语同位语，由，由一个句子来充当一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫这个句子就叫:名词性从句。名词性从句。1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3.My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句二、二、名名词性从句的种类词性从句的种类（动词、介词、

3、形容词之后的宾从）（动词、介词、形容词之后的宾从）1）从属连词）从属连词that只引导，本身无意义，仅起只引导，本身无意义，仅起引导作用。（引导宾语从句时引导作用。（引导宾语从句时省，但是如省，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个）果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个）2）连接代词）连接代词who,whom,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等，有意义，作成分等，有意义，作成分3）连接副词）连接副词where,when,how,why等，有意义，等，有意义，在句中作状语在句中作状语4）从属连词）从属连词if,whether（是否）（是否）(if 只

4、能引导动只能引导动词、形容词之后的宾语从句词、形容词之后的宾语从句)1._he said has nothing to do with you.2._well start tomorrow will be told soon.3._he did such a thing satisfied me.4_ we can protect cultural relics needs to be discussed.whatwhenThatHow 1._ he said it made us angry._ he said at the meeting made us angry.2.A modern

5、city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.whereThatWhat考点考点1：连接词：连接词：that 与与 what 的区别的区别What we cant get seems better than what we have.That(a new teacher will come to our school)is true.that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不 充当任何成分充当任何成分 what 既有连接作用，既有连接作用，又要在从句

6、中作成分又要在从句中作成分（主语，宾语，主语，宾语，表语）表语）(的东西的东西;物物;话话;时间时间;地点地点;人物人物;数目等不同概念数目等不同概念)1.After five hours drive,they reached was the place theyd been dreaming of.2.The other day,my brother drove his car down the street at was a dangerous speed.3.The way he did it was different from we were used to.4._ the eart

7、h is round is known to us all.5.Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.whatwhat whatThatthatB:what(什么什么)/which(表选择表选择,哪哪一个一个)1.-Do you know_Mr Blacks address is?-He may live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street.Im not sure of _.2.I read about it in some book or

8、other,does it matter _ it was?whatwhichwhich1）_ you dont like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 高考题选萃高考题选萃2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter3)Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A.that B.whi

9、ch C.of which D.what 1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_ is a pity.2.他来不来不重要。他来不来不重要。_doesnt matter.It doesnt matter whetherThat he made such a mistakeIt is a pity that考点考点 2：it作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语的用法形式宾语的用法 it 作形式主语作形式主语Whether he will come or not It is well known/reported/thought/said that It is clear/nece

10、ssary/certain/true that It is a pity/a shame/an honor that It doesnt matter whether It seems that It happens that 1._is known to all,Taiwan is only part of China.A.As B.That C.Which D.What 2.It is known to all_ Taiwan is only part of China.A.as B.that C.if D.for 3.It was on Sunday _ I met him.A.that

11、 B.when C.what D.which （非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）（强调句）（强调句）*(2)it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容，指代后面从句所叙述的内容，常用于这些动词后，常用于这些动词后，like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it 后后常跟常跟if 或或when从句从句b.it 作形式宾语作形式宾语*(1)make/find/feel/consider/think it +adj/n +that/to doI hate it when people laugh at the disabled.*(3)depend on it that

12、 1.I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A.this B.that C.it D.one2.You may depend on _ that you parents will help you whenever you need it.A.them B.yourself C.it D.me 1.The photographs will show you _ A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does ou

13、r village look like D.how our village looks like v2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news.vA.how he was excitedvB.how was he excitedvC.how excited he wasvD.he was how excited3.He asked_for a violinA.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 4.What time do y

14、ou think _?A.will Besty come here B.B.Besty will come hereC.C.is Besty coming hereD.D.can Besty get here考点考点4 4 同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句一般跟在名词同位语从句一般跟在名词fact,news,promise,truth,belief,thought,idea,answer,information,knowledge,doubt,hope,law,opinion,plan,suggestion后面后面,用以说用以说明或解释前面的名词的内容明或解释前面

15、的名词的内容.定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用The news that she passed the exam excited her parents.The news that we know from her excited all of us.解释说明；解释说明；that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分但是不能省。但是不能省。修饰限定；修饰限定；that在从句中有成分、在从句中有成分、作宾语时可以省。作宾语时可以省。同位语从句同位语从句定语从定语从句句1.The suggestion that he should not go there is of

16、 great value.2.The suggestion that he made is of great value.3.The fact that he won the first place cant be denied.4.The fact that he told me excited me.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从定语从句句定语从定语从句句注注:1.1.同位语从句多用同位语从句多用that 引导引导2.在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引导同位语从句引导同位语从句.I have no idea where he has gone.I hav

17、e no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.考点5.选择填空（what,whatever,who,whoever)v1._ was said here must be kept secret.v2._we need is more time.v3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.v4._ breaks the law will be punished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverv _等引导的等引导的名词性从句名词性从句不含有疑问意义不含有疑问

18、意义，相，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而当于名词后加一个定语从句，而v_等引导的等引导的名词性从句都名词性从句都含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。whoever,whateverWho,what 请你归纳请你归纳who,whoever/what,whatever?1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever高考题选萃高考题选萃2.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A.anyone B

19、.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who 注：注：wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句又可引导让步状语从句no matter wh-只引导让步状丛只引导让步状丛 3.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 考点考点6.用用if 或或whether 填空填空v1.I dont know _Ill be free tomorrow.v2.It seem

20、ed as if he was indifferent(漠然漠然)_ he could get into a lifeboat.v3.The question is _ this vbook is worth writing.whether/ifwhetherifv4.It depends on _ we will have enough money.v5._ they can do it matters little to us.a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从主语从句、表语从句、同位语从 句、句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用不能用if；b.后面紧跟

21、后面紧跟 or not 时时,用用whetherc.宾语从句是否定结构时只用宾语从句是否定结构时只用ifwhetherWhether 1._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where1.在在order，demand，request，advise，等所接的等所接的宾宾语从句语从句中用中用should 型虚拟语气。型虚拟语气。should 常省略常省略。2.在在order，suggestion等名词后等名词后同位语从句，表同位语从句，表语从句语从句中用中用should 型虚拟语气，可省

22、略型虚拟语气，可省略should3.在在as if，as though引导的引导的表语从句表语从句中，在必要中，在必要的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。4.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有常用的句型有：（1）It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that.（2）It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that.（3）It is suggest

23、ed(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that.如如:It is strange that she(should)think so.1.It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language.A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master 2.His suggestion was that we_another meeting to discuss the question.A hold B would hold C held D holding 5.wish后，从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步，后，从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步，即即 wish that 过去时过去时(跟现在相反跟现在相反)would+v.(跟将来相反跟将来相反)had done(跟过去相反跟过去相反)I wish that I _that film star yesterday.A saw B.had seen C would see D has seen would ranther that sb did sth sb had done