名词与主谓一致课件.pptx

1、二轮复习专题二轮复习专题名词与主谓一致名词与主谓一致【20182018年高考命题预测年高考命题预测】名词是历年高考的重要考点。对名词的考查，主要体现在完名词是历年高考的重要考点。对名词的考查，主要体现在完形填空和短文改错及语法填空等题型中。形填空和短文改错及语法填空等题型中。名词考点主要为：可数名词与不可数名词；抽象名词的具体名词考点主要为：可数名词与不可数名词；抽象名词的具体化；名词的所有格；名词作定语以及名词固定习语；名词与化；名词的所有格；名词作定语以及名词固定习语；名词与主谓一致等。主谓一致等。在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的基本用法，注意一词多义在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的基本用法，

2、注意一词多义和旧词新义。另外要多归纳总结，做题时要结合语境。和旧词新义。另外要多归纳总结，做题时要结合语境。【考点定位考点定位】20182018考纲解读和近几年考点分布考纲解读和近几年考点分布名词部分主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数名词部分主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考查，考查题型在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考

3、查，考查题型以短文改错、完形填空、语法填空为主。以短文改错、完形填空、语法填空为主。体验高考体验高考真题真题1.（2017全国卷全国卷I语法填空语法填空）This trend,has had some unintended side 62._(effect)such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.真题真题2.（2017全国卷全国卷I短文改错短文改错）The instructor kept repeating the word,“Speed up!”“

4、Slow down!”“Turning left!”wordseffects真题真题3(2017全国卷全国卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _(crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.真题真题4(2017全国卷全国卷)She has turned down several _(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her s

5、tudies.crowdedinvitations真题真题5(2016全国卷全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few _(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed,the other is with mum she never suspects.真题真题6(2016四川高考四川高考)Any smell might attract natural _(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.enemiesdaysWhile hig

6、h school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life,college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this41searching process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better:I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语).I never felt an u

7、rge to 43learn any sign language before.My entire family is hearing,and so are all my friends.The 44spoken language were enough in all my interactions(交往).Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL.The 46 began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club 47performing their t

8、ranslation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 attracted me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 .This newness just left me 51wanting more.42.A.progressB.experienceC.majorD.opinion45.A.loveB.concernC.goalD.request46.

9、A.meetingB.tripC.storyD.task48.A.ideaB.amountC.dreamD.reason50.A.endB.pastC.courseD.distance2017年全国卷年全国卷I完形填空完形填空1.可数名词及其单复数可数名词及其单复数名词种类：名词种类：专有名词专有名词普通名词普通名词tree,apple,boy,teacherfamily,class,police,crewiron,oil,light,firevalue,death,happinessChina UN the Great Wall个体名词个体名词集体名词集体名词物质名词物质名词抽象名词抽象名词

10、知识清单（大纲解读）知识清单（大纲解读）可数名词可数名词不可数名不可数名词词构成方法构成方法 例词例词 一般情况在词尾加一般情况在词尾加s catcatsgirlgirlspagepages 以以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词在词尾加结尾的词在词尾加es busbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesbrushbrushes 但有例外：但有例外：stomachstomachs 以以y结尾的专有名词或结尾的专有名词或“元音字母元音字母y”结结尾的名词变复数时，直接在词尾加尾的名词变复数时，直接在词尾加s two Marysthree Henrysmonkeymonkeys holidayh

11、olidays boyboys 以以“辅音字母辅音字母y”结尾的词，把结尾的词，把y变成变成i加加es babybabiescitycitiesfactoryfactories storystories 名词复数构成规则变化名词复数构成规则变化以以“辅音字母辅音字母o”结尾的词，在结尾的词，在词尾加词尾加es tomatotomatoes heroheroespotatopotatoes 但有例外：但有例外：photophotos pianopianos 以以“元音字母元音字母o”结尾的词在词结尾的词在词尾加尾加s radioradios zoozoos 以以f或或fe结尾的词，多数变结尾的词

12、，多数变f或或fe为为v加加es knifekniveswifewiveshalfhalvesleafleaves但仍有例外：但仍有例外：beliefbeliefsroofroofs handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/handkerchieves 名词复数构成规则变化名词复数构成规则变化名词复数构成不规则变化名词复数构成不规则变化2.不可数名词不可数名词只能充当不可数名词的词只能充当不可数名词的词：baggage,luggage,furniture,equipment,information,advice,news,word（消息）（消息）,health,wealth,wea

13、ther,fun,progress,luck，clothing，jewelry，poetry，machinery抽象名词具体化：抽象名词具体化：1.具体的人或物：具体的人或物：surprise,pleasure,shock,success,failure,beauty,honor;2.份数：份数：coffee,tea,drink,death;3.a+adj.+n:rain,snow,wind,fog,fire;4.复数表类别或大量：复数表类别或大量：fruit,difficulty,metal,oil,water根据提示，完成下列短文，在语境中体会名词的用法。Two 1._(月月)ago，I

14、had dinner at 2._(Mr.White)with two 3._(编编辑辑)and three 4._(英雄英雄).During the dinner，White talked a lot about his 5._(experience)in America，where he ran a 6._(magazine)store with his 7._(22岁的岁的)son and they met with many difficulties.He gained his 8._(wealth)by printing works of famous writers.After t

15、he dinner，he made five 9._(tea)for us.In my view，I thought Mr.White focused too much on success because he didnt want to be a 10._ (fail).22yearoldteasfailuremonthsMr.Whiteseditorsheroesexperiencesmagazinewealth名词所有格名词所有格英语名词所有格有两种英语名词所有格有两种：s所有格和所有格和of所有格所有格Marys fatherthe door of the classrooma pi

16、cture of Li Leisome photos of my brothersa friend of mine1s所有格的所有格的构成构成(1)通常在单数名词和不通常在单数名词和不以以-s结尾的复数名词的词尾结尾的复数名词的词尾加加 Jacks books Childrens Day the boys bagmens room Toms dog Joness fathermy brothers books sheeps skin(2)以以-s结尾的复数名词，在词尾结尾的复数名词，在词尾加加 the students books(3)作为一个整体的词组，一般在最后一个词的词尾作为一个整体的词

17、组，一般在最后一个词的词尾加加 s an hour and a halfs walk a month or twos absence所有格的构成所有格的构成(4)以以and连接的两个名词，表示共同所有时，在最后连接的两个名词，表示共同所有时，在最后一个词的词尾一个词的词尾加加sKate and Marys father Kate和和Mary是姐妹是姐妹俩俩表示表示分别所有时，在每个名词后分别加分别所有时，在每个名词后分别加sKates father and Marys father Kate和和Mary不是姐妹不是姐妹俩俩【特别提醒】【特别提醒】不定不定代词后接代词后接else时，其所有格放在

18、时，其所有格放在else之后之后somebody elses bag somebody elses books2s所有格的用法所有格的用法(1)常表示有生命的常表示有生命的东西东西(2)用于表示时间、距离、天体、度量衡与货币价值、国家、城用于表示时间、距离、天体、度量衡与货币价值、国家、城市市等等时间时间：距离距离：Toms birthday the dogs ownera days work todays newspapertwenty minutes ride five minutes walk a miles distance天体：天体：the suns heat,the moons s

19、urface度量衡与货币价值：度量衡与货币价值：ten dollars worth twenty pounds weight国家、城市等：国家、城市等：Chinas industry the citys development the governments plan Chinas development（3）表示表示某人的家或某人的家或店铺店铺at the doctors在在诊所诊所 the tailors裁缝铺裁缝铺the barbers理发店理发店 at my uncles在我叔叔在我叔叔家家3of 所有格所有格的构成的构成the所有物所有物of(this,that，.the,my/th

20、eir.)无生命之物。无生命之物。4of 所有格所有格的用法的用法of 所有格所有格主要用于无生命的事物，也可以用于有生命的主要用于无生命的事物，也可以用于有生命的事物事物 the window of the house a map of Japan the name of the girl standing at the gateDoes anyone know the title of the novel?They have the support of people of the developing countries.5双重所有格双重所有格(1)双重所有格的双重所有格的构成构成 “o

21、fs结构结构”或或“of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词”(2)双重所有格的用法：表示整体中的一个或部分，用于修饰双重所有格的用法：表示整体中的一个或部分，用于修饰of前面的前面的名词名词a friend of my brothers this book of the professors this lovely baby of my auntsDo you know any friend of my husbands?【特别提醒】【特别提醒】双重所有格还可以表示赞赏、厌恶等感情双重所有格还可以表示赞赏、厌恶等感情色彩色彩That car of Peters is very nice.(表示赞赏

22、表示赞赏)The dog of Toms is very fierce.(表示厌恶、不满表示厌恶、不满)名词名词句法句法功能功能 主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语People all over the world fight for peace.We are couch potatoes.We made him monitor of our class.Today we attended an instructive lecture.1.(2015(2015浙江卷浙江卷)One of the most effective ways to reduce _(s

23、tressful)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.2.(2015(2015湖北卷湖北卷)When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his _(balanced)and had a bad fall.3.(20152015安徽卷安徽卷)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some _(think)and then let me know.4.(2015(2015江苏卷江苏卷)Some schools wi

24、ll have to make _(adjust)in agreement with the national soccer reform.单句填空单句填空/改错改错stressbalancethoughtadjustments5.（20152015江苏卷江苏卷)Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.Id like to，but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _(apologize).6.(2016全国卷全国卷)Then,handle the most important tasks first so youll feel

25、 a real sense of _(achieve).7.(2015全国卷全国卷)In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _(able)to“air condition”a house.achievementabilityapology8.(2014福建高考福建高考)The smallest good habits can make a big _(different).9.(2014辽宁高考辽宁高考)Ill stop and take a deep _(brea

26、the).10.(2014湖北高考湖北高考)The police will reward whoever provides useful _(inform)to catch the robber.differencebreathinformation11.(2014全国卷全国卷)For most of us the _(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.12.(2016全国卷全国卷)But for tourists like me,pandas are its top_(attract).13.(2014陕西高考陕西

27、高考)On June 27,2012,the Jiaolong reached a _(deep)of 7,062 metres in the Pacific Ocean.changesattractiondepth14.(2016全国卷全国卷)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.（改错）（改错）15.(2017全国卷全国卷)Besides,they often get some useful informations from the Internet.（改错（改错）16.(2016浙江高考浙江高考)When I w

28、as a very young children,my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.（改错）（改错）17.(2016四川高考四川高考)Mom has a fulltime job,but she has to do most of the houseworks.（改错（改错）honestyinformationchildhousework18.Considering my case,my teacher offered me several detailed approach and advised

29、 me to set a shortterm goal to improve my math.（改错）（改错）19.Now Im feeling regretful and disturbed.Im not sure whether a computers repair shop can get the documents back.（改错）（改错）20.Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around,I ran away immediately.（改错）（改错）approachescomputerneighbors主谓主谓一致一致主谓一

30、致（Agreement）是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are，were，have等；主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is，was，has，works。主谓一致三原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近原则一、谓语动词为单数的情况一、谓语动词为单数的情况1.表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词做主表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词做主语表达一个整体概念时语表达一个整体概念时Twenty years _(is/are)only a short tie in human history.2.2.主语从句、动词不定式或（一个以上）的疑问词加主语从句

31、、动词不定式或（一个以上）的疑问词加不定式、动名词做主语时不定式、动名词做主语时Writing stories and articles _(are/is)what he likes.Whatever was left _(were/was)taken away.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _(have/has)not been decided yet.3.以以-s结尾的单数名词，形复而意单，表示学科、国家、机构、结尾的单数名词，形复而意单，表示学科、国家、机构、书籍书籍、报刊等名词做主语时、报刊等名词做主语时The Unite

32、d States _(are/is)made up of 50 states.The Times _(is/are)a newspaper for the British government.4.a kind of,a pair of,the number of,one and a half 做主语时做主语时One and a half apples_(is/are)left on the table.5.Many a/more than one/each/every/either/neither 做主做主语时语时Many a student_(has/have)seen the film.

33、More than one student _(have/has)seen the film.6.everyand every/each and each/noand no/many a and many a连接两个单数名词作主语连接两个单数名词作主语时时Every desk and every chair _(are/is)made up of wood.Many a boy and many a girl _(has/have)made the same mistake.7.由由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念或成对的名词连接的并列成分指的是同一概念或成对的名词(the n.+and+n

34、.bread and butter,soda and water,coffee and milk,knife and fork)The worker and writer _(are/is)from Wuhan.The worker and the writer _(are/is)from Beijing.Bread and butter_(is/are)a daily food in the West.A knife and fork_(is/are)needed.War and peace_(is/are)a constant theme in history.9.不定代词不定代词any(

35、one,thing,body),some(one,thing,body),every(one,thing,body),no(one,thing,body)作主语作主语Someone_(be)waiting for you.Anybody _(be)to be punished if he/she breaks the rules here.isis二、谓语动词为复数的情况二、谓语动词为复数的情况1.people,police,cattle 等形单意复的集合名词作主语等形单意复的集合名词作主语The police _(are/is)looking for the missing child.2.

36、the+adj./ed 表示一类人；表示一类人；the+姓的复数形式表一家人作姓的复数形式表一家人作主语主语The rich_(are/is)not always happy.The whites _(are/is)going to make a trip to London.The injured _(has/have)been taken to hospital.3.由由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s s结尾的专有名词作主语结尾的专有名词作主语The Olympic games _(are/is)held once every four years.4.A numb

37、er of/quantities of/a group of+名词作主语名词作主语A group of students _(is/are)absent yesterday.三、谓语动词单、复数视情况而定三、谓语动词单、复数视情况而定1.集体名词集体名词class,family,army,team,club,crowd,audience,public,group,government,majority等作主语。强调整体用等作主语。强调整体用单数，指各个成员用复数单数，指各个成员用复数His family _(is/are)a great one.His family _(is/are)musi

38、c lovers.2.means,works,sheep,fish,deer 等单复数同形的词，根据主等单复数同形的词，根据主语表达的概念或其修饰语而定语表达的概念或其修饰语而定The steel works_(is/are)near the village.Every means _(has/have)been tried without any result.All means _(has/have)been tried without any result.3.“some/any/half/most/enough/part/the rest/分数、百分数分数、百分数+of+名词名词”作主

39、语，谓语动词要和作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数一致之后的名词单复数一致The rest of the students _(is/are)watering trees.The rest of the wine _(has/have)gone bad.4.定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于先行词的单复数定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于先行词的单复数He is a boy who _(is/are)hardworking.There are some books which_(is/are)very useful.注意：one of+名词复数+定从+复谓 the only/very/right+o

40、ne of+名词复数+定从+单谓He is one of the few persons who_(has/have)a good knowledge of Italian.He is the very one of the few persons who_(has/have)a good knowledge of Italian.5.What 引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词有单复数两种形式引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词有单复数两种形式What we need_(is/are)more time.What he need_(is/are)books.6.代词代词what,who,which,all

41、,most,more,rest等作主语时，根等作主语时，根据其所指代的意义确定其谓语动词的单复数形式据其所指代的意义确定其谓语动词的单复数形式All_(is/are)here and all_(is/are)ready.What _(is/are)wrong with you?四、就近一致原则四、就近一致原则由由or,either or,neither nor,not but,not only but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的主语保等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的主语保持一致（持一致（there be）Not only he but also I _(is/are/am

42、)invited.Neither my gloves nor my hat _(go/goes)with the dress.注意：注意：n+with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/rather than+n,谓语动词和前一个名词一致The teacher with a number of students _(is/are)in the classroom.Nobody but the students _(is/are)on the playground.随随堂检测堂检测1.On the wall

43、_(hang)two large portraits.2.The number of the people invited_(be)fifty,but a number of them _(be)absent for different reasons.3.When and where to build the new factory _(be)not decided.4.Nothing _(have)been done to stop the lake from being polluted.5.More than one person _(kill)in the accident.6.Mo

44、re questions than one _(have)been asked.7.Two hours_(be)enough for us to finish the work.8.The youth_(be)fond of rock n roll music.hangedwaswereiswashaveisareis9.The professor,including all of his students_(have)gone abroad.10.Each boy and each girl_(be)to finish the work on time.11.What they needed

45、_(be)some water.12.There_(be)some water and stones in the bottle.13.He is the only one of the students that_(have)got full mark.14.Three fours of the teachers_(be)against the plan.15.70%of the surface of the earth _(cover)with water.16.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of whi

46、ch _(save)for other purposes.were savedis covered arehasisishasis17.(2016浙江高考浙江高考)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.(改错）改错）18.(2016全国卷全国卷)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _(be)often acceptable.19.(2014陕西高考陕西高考)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky.(改

47、错改错)20.(2014四川高考四川高考)I am going to talk when a fire alarm go off.(改错改错)wereweregoesis21.(2014全国卷全国卷)The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas.(改错改错)22.(2014辽宁高考辽宁高考)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.(改错改错)23.(2013全国卷全国卷)He say if I decide to do something,it takes him much time to stop me.(改错改错)sayshasmeans