听力的命题规律和测试重点课件.ppt

1、听力的命题规律和测试重点听力的命题规律和测试重点1 A节19听力理解：B节1015听力理解：2解题技巧解题技巧 1.1.对话对话 1 1）提前阅读选项，判断问题所属，从提前阅读选项，判断问题所属，从而集中精力于有关信息而集中精力于有关信息 2 2）注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话人的身份职业等人的身份职业等 3 3）注意加减运算，听到的不是答案注意加减运算，听到的不是答案 4 4）注意记笔记，将人物、地点、时间注意记笔记，将人物、地点、时间等对号入座等对号入座 从语法、短语含义入手，判断隐含之意从语法、短语含义入手，判断隐含之意3听力的命题规律和测试重听力的命题规律

2、和测试重 1 1对话对话 对话部分考查的重点有：对话部分考查的重点有：1 1）地点，职业）地点，职业 根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是英语听力测话中所提事件发生的地点是英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。地点，职业题一般有以下几种：地点，职业题一般有以下几种：9content Calculation Location Occupation Relationship of the speakers Inference negation10(1)(1)根据信息词设题根据信息词设题 W:Dear,I

3、 feel hungry now.How about you?W:Dear,I feel hungry now.How about you?M:So do I.Let me call room service.Hello,room M:So do I.Let me call room service.Hello,room service.Please send a menu to 302 right away.service.Please send a menu to 302 right away.Q:Where are the two speakers?Q:Where are the two

4、 speakers?A.In a hotel.A.In a hotel.B.At a dinner table.B.At a dinner table.C.In the street.C.In the street.D.At the mans house.D.At the mans house.该题通过该题通过hungryhungry和和menumenu来迷惑同学们来迷惑同学们,引导大家选择引导大家选择B,B,其其实实,本题所借助的信息词是本题所借助的信息词是room serviceroom service和和302302这个房间号这个房间号,答案答案是是A A。11 M:Can you st

5、ay for dinner?M:Can you stay for dinner?W:Id love to.But I have to go and send W:Id love to.But I have to go and send some registered mail before picking up the some registered mail before picking up the children from school.children from school.Q:Where will the woman go first?Q:Where will the woman

6、 go first?A.To the school.A.To the school.B.To a friends house.B.To a friends house.C.To the post office.C.To the post office.D.Home D.Home 本题借助本题借助registered mailregistered mail设题设题,答案是答案是C C。但这里。但这里同样也有地点的辨析问题同样也有地点的辨析问题,要求同学们能听出是要求同学们能听出是 首先首先到到地方地方。12M:Excuse me,Im looking for the emergency M:Ex

7、cuse me,Im looking for the emergency room.I thought that it was on the first floor.room.I thought that it was on the first floor.W:This is the basement.Take the elevator W:This is the basement.Take the elevator one flight up and turn left.one flight up and turn left.Q:Where did the conversation most

8、 probably Q:Where did the conversation most probably take place?take place?A.In a library A.In a library B.In a hotel.B.In a hotel.C.In a hospital.C.In a hospital.D.In an elevator D.In an elevator 本题设题所依据的信息词是本题设题所依据的信息词是emergency room,emergency room,只只要考生了解其语域就可判断答案为要考生了解其语域就可判断答案为C C。13(2)(2)借助对话中

9、提到的多个地点设题借助对话中提到的多个地点设题 有时对话中提到的地点不只一个有时对话中提到的地点不只一个,这时这时,一般是将所有的地点一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中。这种情况下都包括在选项之中。这种情况下,同学们不必考虑信息词问题同学们不必考虑信息词问题,只只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。如：要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。如：M:I did not see our boss yesterday.Has he come M:I did not see our boss yesterday.Has he come back?back?W:He was just ba

10、ck from France besides visiting W:He was just back from France besides visiting Britain,Germany,and Spain.Britain,Germany,and Spain.Q:Which country did the woman visit first?Q:Which country did the woman visit first?A.France A.France B.Britain B.Britain C.Germany C.Germany D.Spain D.Spain 四个地点都是访问过的

11、地点四个地点都是访问过的地点,要求同学们能够分清先后。答要求同学们能够分清先后。答案为案为B B。14M:Will Mr.Smith come to the party at the weekend?M:Will Mr.Smith come to the party at the weekend?W:Hell be supposed to,but he wont be back from his W:Hell be supposed to,but he wont be back from his trip until the next week.trip until the next week

12、.Q:Where will Mr.Smith be on Saturday?Q:Where will Mr.Smith be on Saturday?A.At the party A.At the party B.At home B.At home C.Still on his trip C.Still on his trip D.Back from his trip.D.Back from his trip.本题是将地点与时间连在一起本题是将地点与时间连在一起,要求同学们在听的同时注意要求同学们在听的同时注意区别每个事件所发生的时间区别每个事件所发生的时间,答案为答案为C C。15.地点类题

13、提问形式：Wheredoesthisconversation(mostprobably)takeplace?Whereisthisconversation(mostprobably)takingplace?Wheredoestheman/womanplan/wanttogo?Wheredoestheman/womanprefertolive/stay?Whereistheman/womanworking/livingnow?Whatplacedidtheman/womanvisitfirst/last?Wherearethespeakersnow?Whereisfrom?Wherehaveth

14、eybeento?16地点类题解题要领 熟悉世界上主要国家和英、美、加拿大主要城市和名称 抓住与特定场所有关的词、词组和句型，推断暗示的地点。下面是常见的场合中可能出现的词汇和表达，熟悉了这些对应关系，需要时自然就会有对应联想。总之，即便是直接型地点类题，命题人也不会设计成在录音原文中只出现一个地点的情况，而总会提及几个地点，起声东击西的作用，对考生进行思维干扰。因此考生切不可听到什么就选什么，而应加以分析 17 Relationship location key words Teacher-student /school homework,marks,assignment,grades,sc

15、holarship,tuition,credits,make-up exam professor,exam,campus,degree,semester,term,score,paper,labtest,course,credit,freshman,sophomore,junior,senior,required/compulsory course,elective/optional course,registration etc.缺课 缺课原因：（1）get ill 由于生病而缺课（2）oversleep 睡过头了（3）traffic jam 交通堵塞（4）(car)break down 车

16、抛锚 19 borrow,return,fine,renew,due,overdue,periodicals,fiction,journal,take-out service,catalogue,list,latest issue,circulation desk,reference book,library card,publication,call number,stacks etc.price tag,price,on sale,bargain,fashion,pattern,cashier,check-out stand,receipt,expensive,cheap,refund,d

17、iscount,size,color,style,fashion,counter,pay groceries,brand,installment,medium size,tight,out of style,cash or charge etc.WhatcanIdoforyou?IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?Idliketosee买东西(1)supermarket 超级市场：supplies 生活用品，price tag 价格签，special offer/on sale 打折，cart 手推车，vender 售货员，cashier 收银员(2)department

18、store 百货商店：appliance 家用电器,costume 服装,floor 层,mens 男装区,sports goods 体育用品,for sale 热卖中,待售中,discount打折,折头,70%off 三折,produce 农产品,22 Hotel service people-customer/hotel reservation,check in,check out,reception desk,frontdesk,vacantroom,single/doubleroom,twinbed,porter,tip,full,roomservice put ones laundr

19、y in the laundry bag,lobby stewardess,flight,take off,boarding gate claim your luggage,luggage claim area,departure,security,clearance,green/redchannel,boardingpass,checkin,gate wing,boarding card,seat belt,economy class,airway,airline,get ones ticket punched,civil aviation,arrival/departure time,bo

20、oking office,confirm the flight,check-in,non-stop flight,window seat,etc.机场常考思路：（1）票已售完（2）接人（飞机）晚点（3）送人伤感 see somebody off常见线索词：airplane,flight 航班,direct flight 直航，transfer 转机，seat-belt=safety belt 安全带，first class 头等舱，economy class 经济舱，take off 起飞，land 降落，circle 盘旋wing:a.建筑物的附属楼 b.飞机的翅膀 c.鸡翅terminal

21、:a=final station 公交站最后一站站 b.候机大厅domestic terminal 国内候机大厅，international terminal 国际候机大厅25,declare,claim,pay duty on,duty free,free of charge,luggage,fill in the form etc.,alcohol,beverage,Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare?speeding,violate the regulation,fine,license suspend your license,a ticket,traffic pro

22、blem letter address postage,registered mail,airmail,ordinarymail,special delivery,envelope,stamp,parcel,telegram,menu 菜谱,order,tray,paper napkin,bill,tip,wine,change,waiter,drink,soft drink,salad,soup,dessert,roastbeef,steak,cafeteria,buffet,dessert,pizza,apple pie,chef,salt,pepper,soup,whisky,wine,

23、champagne,mushroom,taste,serve,beverage,snack,go Dutch,treat sb.to sth.,take the order,be full,Imfull.goDutch;Areyoureadyto order now?worth the money,etc 餐厅（1）cafeteria 学校饭堂：meal card/ticket 饭卡/饭票，（2）restaurant:,book/reserve 预订，make a reservation 预定上菜顺序：soup汤 main course主菜 salad 沙拉（chef salad招牌沙拉）de

24、ssert甜点(pudding布丁,cheese,fruit)30Plumber sink,dripping faucet,drain,leak,pipe,clog,31 to suffer from,to give an injection,operation room,surgery,wards,physical exam,cough,dizzy,high blood pressure,(hypertension)heart disease,diabetes,obess fever,headache,sore throat,sneeze,symptom,diagnosis,physicia

25、n,surgeon,dentist,appointment,pharmacy,/drugstore/chemists,pill,tablet,capsule,dosage,syrup,pain-killer,tablet,have the prescription filled,cavity,X-ray,etc have ones tooth filled,Whatseemstobethetrouble?医院常考思路：（1）医生难找the doctor is not available（2）病情如何（getting better/worse）（3）有病耽误课 miss the class线索词

26、：treat 治疗（表过程），cure 治疗,治愈（表结果）infirmary/students help center 学校的医院，clinic 诊所，33 hospital,ward 病房，prescribe 开药方，prescription 处方Send him to Ward Three.把他送去3号病房。Send him toward three.把他送到东方去。（因为时钟三点指向东（上北下南左西右东）fill the prescription 按方抓药，refill the prescription 继续按方抓药，cough 咳嗽,fever,influenza(flu)流感TB

27、Tuberculosis Bird flu?avian fluSARS epidemic34 account,cheque,interestrate,cash,tellerswindow,deposit,withdraw some money,dollar,pound,service charge,balance,savings,exchange rate,travelers check,etc openonaccount,cash a check,withdrawsomemoney draw on ones account,area code,busy,signal,directory,ho

28、ld the line,extension,exchange,telephone box/booth,operator,get through etc.insert the coin in the slot,dial,leave a message打电话 常考思路：（1）约人约不到（2）约会去不了sth comes up/Id like to reschedule/Could you fit me in(the doctors schedule)?（3）电话打不通（包括打错电话）线索词：run out of coins（在公共电话亭里）没钱了，cut off 被迫断线，hang up 主动挂断

29、电话，receiver 听筒，slot 电话上的小投币口，yellow pages 黄页，dial 拨电话，operator 接线员打电话步骤：Look up the number in the yellow pages.在黄页里查找电话。Drop the coins in the slot.把硬币投入投币口。Then dial the number you want it.然后拨打你所需要的电话。37 judge,clerk,jury,defendant,witness,case,charge,sentence,death penalty,retire,guilty,innocent,tri

30、al,lawyer,audience criminal,suspected,etc.information desk,platform,track,time table,train conductor,hard sleeper,sleeping car,return ticket,refund etc.Passenger,conductor/on the bus Excuse me,How can I get to?Bus no.34,bus stop,bus terminal,fare,transfer,line,rush hour,traffic jam,change,pick up pa

31、ssengers,stop,conductor,etc.应注意区别一些易混淆时数字，特别是-teen和-ty的区别。e.g.The book cost him 30/13 dollars(titi：n)。注意街道、房间、汽车、电话等号码的习惯表达方法，如320读成threetwenty或threetwozero；电话号码则将数字逐个读出来。注意时间表达上英美的差异，如1：45可读成aquatertotwo或onefortyfive;2：00p.m.可读成twop.m.或fourteenhundredhours.aquater指时间是15分钟，指月份是一季度(三个月)，指百分比为25%。time

32、s,twice,couple,apairof,halfof,double,one third,percentage。late(later),early(earlier),delay,start,aheadof,fast,slow,increase,add等与时间数字有关的词，以帮助理解和计算。E.g.数字类：直接型 W:Do you live in a college dormitory?M:Yes,I do.Its a six-man suite,but at the moment only four of us live there.Q:How many people share the

33、suite now?：Howmany(persons)?Howmanydozensof?Howmanyminutesfast/slow/late?Howmuchdoesspend/save/earn/borrow/lend/pay?Howoldis Howlongdoesittaketo/stayin?Howoften/far?When/Atwhattimebegin/finish?When/Onwhichdayarrive/wanttoleave?时刻的读法 5：15读作 a quarter past/after five或five fifteen 2：45读作a quarter to th

34、ree或 two forty-five 7：30读作 half past seven或seven thirty 9：10读作 ten past nine或 nine ten 8：00读作eight(oclock)sharp 14：00读作 fourteen hundred hours或 two p.m.00：25读作 twenty-five pastafter midnight Sds绝对是假的2003年：two thousand and three 公元前1086年：one thousand and eighty-six BC 前天：the day before yesterday 后天：t

35、he day after tomorrow 每隔一天：every other day或every two days 两星期：a fortnight 10年：a decade 100年：a century 多位数的表达 1,247,862,056：1(billion十亿)，247(million百万)，862(thousand)，056(and fifty-six)one billion two hundred and forty-seven million eight hundred and sixty-two thousand and fifty-six。但是听力中这种长而复杂的数字极少出现

36、。即使出现，也是以整数的形式，如：18 bi11ion，four million，在数序的表达上，中文和英文在某些方面有所不同。中文中某些有数序意义的词，英文中用基数词；而中文中某些没有数序意义的词，英文中则要用序数词。如：第四中学：No4 Middle Schoo1 第五课：Lesson 5(The fifth lesson)第115号房间：Room ll5 数序的表达 小数的读法比较简单，按照数词的顺序逐个读，迟到小数点读作point零读作zero。例如；0.3：zero point three；9.7：nine point seven 1.45：one point four five 4

37、.862：four point eight six two 分数和小数的表达 分子为1的分数，以one为分子，序数词为分母。此外，1/2与1/4两个分数较为特殊，应加以注意。例如 l/2：one half；1/3：one third；1/4：one fourth(或one quarter)1：one and a half；：two and three quarters 分子不是1的分数，分子为基数词，分为序数词并加s。例如：two thirds；：five elevenths；：four and three fifths 货币名称和价格的读法:1美元：one dollar；25美分：quart

38、er；10美分：dime；5美分：nickle 美分便士:centpenny$17.84：seventeen dollars eighty-four cents 其他与数字有关的词 couple(一对)、dozen(一打)、daily(每天)、month1y(每月)、twice(两倍)、double(翻倍)、triple(增加到三倍)等。在时间与数字型题中，还要注意下述两点：1)如果遇到两个相同的数字，口语中常读作double十 数字，零常读成 0h或 zero。如：Room 602 读作 room six oh two；8579906读作 eight five seven double ni

39、ne oh six 罚款 fine校内：library 里面，书过期 overdue各种费用：fare 交通费（车费，船费），fee 杂费，tuition 学费，tuition and fee 学杂费，rent 房租，utilities 水电费，rate 按比例收取的费用，post rate=postage 邮资53关于工作常考思路:(1)找到工作高兴(2)失去工作伤心 a.被解雇 b.离开旧工作(3)拒绝工作令人感到奇怪线索词:找工作的过程:(1)信息来源a.classified ads 分类广告help and wanted section 供求关系栏b.bulletin board 公告

40、栏c.flyer传单(2)make a phone call Is the position still available?工作职位还仍然空缺吗?(3)resume 个人简历certification 学历证,ID 身份证,qualification 资历,recommendation letter 推荐信fill out=fill in=fill up 填表格(4)interview 面试54人性的缺点（1）健忘 forgetful,absent-minded,slip ones mindHes forgetful./Isnt he forgetful?/How forgetful he

41、is!（2）害羞 shy 害羞,embarrassed 尴尬,self-conscious 自信,keep ones mind/thought to oneself=keep to onself55 租房子常考思路（1）房难找（2）房太贵（3）房太嘈线索词for rent 房子出租，house,living-room 厅，rest-room 厕所56理发线索词cut 大剪，trim 小修剪，bang 男生刘海，parting 分头(I want parting to the left.我想要左分头。)plait 辫子，fringe 女生刘海，pigtail 麻花辫，ponytail 马尾辫，r

42、ipple 波浪卷发572 2）职业、身份）职业、身份 根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是听力测试中又一常见题型。根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是听力测试中又一常见题型。该题型的题项设计有两种：该题型的题项设计有两种：(1)(1)说话者自身的身份或职业说话者自身的身份或职业 根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份：根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份：W:Good evening,Professor David.My name is Susan Gray.W:Good evening,Professor David.My name is Susan Gray.Im with the l

43、ocal newspaper.Do you mind if I ask you a few Im with the local newspaper.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?questions?M:Not at all.Go ahead,please.M:Not at all.Go ahead,please.Q:What is Susan Gray?Q:What is Susan Gray?A.A writer.A.A writer.B.A teacher.B.A teacher.C.A reporter.C.A reporter.D.A

44、 student.D.A student.由由local newspaperlocal newspaper可以判断说话者是位记者可以判断说话者是位记者,在采访。在采访。58M:How about the food I ordered?Ive been M:How about the food I ordered?Ive been waiting for 20 minutes already.waiting for 20 minutes already.W:Im very sorry,sir.Ill be back with your W:Im very sorry,sir.Ill be bac

45、k with your order in a minute.order in a minute.Q:Who is the man most probably speaking Q:Who is the man most probably speaking to?to?A.A shop assistant.A.A shop assistant.B.A telephone operator.B.A telephone operator.C.A waitress.C.A waitress.D.A clerk.D.A clerk.与与orderorder有关的自然是有关的自然是waitress,wai

46、tress,答案为答案为A A。59(2)(2)说话双方之间的关系说话双方之间的关系 该题型是上一题型的延伸该题型是上一题型的延伸,要求同学们能判断说话者双方的要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身份身份,问题经常是问题经常是Whats the relationship between the two Whats the relationship between the two speakers?speakers?W:How long will it take you to fix my watch?W:How long will it take you to fix my watch?M:Ill c

47、all you when its ready.But it shouldnt take M:Ill call you when its ready.But it shouldnt take longer than a week.longer than a week.Q:What is the probable relationship between the Q:What is the probable relationship between the speakers?speakers?A.Librarian and student.A.Librarian and student.B.Ope

48、rator and caller.B.Operator and caller.C.Boss and secretary.C.Boss and secretary.D.Customer and repairman.D.Customer and repairman.既然女士让男的既然女士让男的fix my watch,fix my watch,说明对方是说明对方是repairman,repairman,而自而自己是己是customercustomer。60M:Sorry to trouble you.But is there any possibility of M:Sorry to troubl

49、e you.But is there any possibility of borrowing a blanket?I feel cold.borrowing a blanket?I feel cold.W:I think weve got one.Could you wait until after W:I think weve got one.Could you wait until after take-off please?take-off please?Q:What is the probable relationship between the two Q:What is the

50、probable relationship between the two speakers?speakers?A.A guest and a receptionist.A.A guest and a receptionist.B.A passenger and an air hostess.B.A passenger and an air hostess.C.A customer and a shop assistant.C.A customer and a shop assistant.D.A guest and a waitress.D.A guest and a waitress.ta