chapter1-introducing-health-psychology-临床心理学双语课件.ppt

1、Wenzhou Medical CollegeShirley XcontentsChapter1 Introducing Health psychologyChapter2 Conducting Health psychologyChapter5 Defining and Measuring StressChapter6 Understanding Stress and DiseaseChapter7 Understanding PainChapter8 Managing Stress and Painreferences健康心理学，健康心理学，Philip L.Rice著，胡佩诚著，胡佩诚

2、等译，中国轻等译，中国轻工业出版社，工业出版社，2000年出版年出版Health psychology-an introduction to behavior and health,Linda Brannon and Jess Feist,Peking University Press,2007Some questions:Do you think you are healthy?How many years do you think you would live?And why?What could you do to keep your health?Chapter 1 main cont

3、ents:Changed views of health Psychologys involvement in healthPart1 the Changing Field of Health One hundred years ago,most people thought health is the absence of diseases.However,during the 20th century,health has changed in several important ways.A century ago:In the early 1900s,peoples diseases

4、were largely the result of contact with:Impure drinking waterContaminated foodsSick peopleMost diseases in 1900s were typhoid fever,pneumonia,diphtheria,tuberculosis,and diarrhea,which were relatively short.During the 20th century:Health has changed in mainly four ways:The leading causes of death ch

5、anged from infectious diseases to those that related to unhealthy behaviors and lifestyle.Effective treatments developed to treat and cure many diseases,but the cost of medical care rose sharply,making people pay more attention to health-related behavior.Health changed in mainly four ways:A new defi

6、nition of health emerged.Health is the presence of positive well-being.Some people began to advocate a broader perspective of health and diseases,questioning the usefulness of the traditional biomedical model.During the 20th century:1）Patterns of diseases and death in last one hundred years:Early 19

7、00s,the leading causes of death infectious diseases,such as influenza,pneumonia,tuberculosis,diphtheria,diarrhea.In several decades later,chronic diseases became the leading killers,such as heart disease,cancer,stroke,chronic lower respiratory diseases,unintentional injuries,and diabetes.According t

8、o one article,things in China in last 40 years:The five leading causes of death were cancer,diseases of the heart,cerebrovascular disease,accidents,and infectious diseases among men and diseases of the heart,cerebrovascular disease,cancer,pneumonia and influenza,and infectious diseases among women.T

9、he risk of death and the population attributable risk for preventable risk factors were as follows:hypertension;cigarette smoking;physical inactivity and underweight.Vascular disease and cancer have become the leading causes of death among Chinese adults.In the last few years:Deaths from diseases no

10、t closely related to lifestyle and behaviors began to increase,such as:Alzheimers diseases Influenza Pneumonia Kidney diseases Septicemia Parkinsons diseases2)Age-related trends in mortality The Middle-aged and young people:homicide,suicide,unintentional injuries The elder people:Alzheimers disease,

11、influenza and pneumonia,cardiovascular disease3)Ethnicity,income and diseaseTop 10 life expectancy countries:1.Andorra 83.422.Macao 81.873.San Marino 81.844.Japan 80.935.Singapore 80.846.Australia 80.137.Switzerland 79.998.Sweden 79.979.Hong Kong 79.9310.Canada 79.8311.95.China 72.2212.（Based on dat

12、a in 2003 from USA）Difference among different ethnicity:European American Hispanic American African American Asian American Risk factors:mainly was socioeconomic status,such as poverty,income and education4）Changes in life expectancyWhat factors have accounted for the 30-year increase in life expect

13、ancy during 20th century?Advances in medical care The control of infectious diseases through vaccination Safer drinking water Milk supply The single most important contributor to the increase in life expectancy was the lowering of infant mortality.2 Escalating cost of medical care The second major c

14、hange within the field of health has been the escalating cost of medical care.Heart surgery,hemodialysis,and high-technology imaging techniques contributes to the rising cost of health care in the US.In 2003,the total cost of medical care in China is 660 billion RMB,however,the government only affor

15、ded 17%,while in European countries it was 80%to 90%,American 45.6%.Strategy for curbing medical cost:Limit services An emphasis on the early detection of disease and on changes to a healthier lifestyle and to behavior that help prevent disease.Early detection:such as high blood pressure,high serum

16、cholesterol.3 What is health?Traditional view:Health is the absence of diseases The biomedical model:Diseasesto be a result of exposure to a specific pathogen,a disease-causing organism.The biopsychosocial model:a more holistic model,considering social psychological,physiological and spiritual aspec

17、ts of a persons health.Definition of health(WHO):“Health is a state of complete physical,mental,and social well-being,and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”In psychological partpositive psychology:“psychology is not just the study of pathology,weakness,and damage,it is also the study o

18、f strength and virtue.”Part2 psychologys involvement in health Psychology:the science of behavior and mind.What could psychology do?Changing behaviors that have been implicated in chronic diseases Relieve pain Reduce stress Improve compliance with medical advice Help patients and family members live

19、 with chronic illnessPsychology in medical settings:1911,APA convened a panel to discuss the role of psychology in medical education,and broached it again in 1928 and 1950.But psychologists seldom collaborated with medical specialists than psychiatrists.By the beginning of 21st century:Psychologist

20、had made significant progress in their efforts to gain greater acceptance by the medical profession.The rise,decline and fall of psychosomatic medicinePsychosomatic diseases:Peptic ulcer Rheumatoid arthritis Hypertension asthma Hyperthyroidism Ulcerative colitis Biomedical remedies:penicillin,antibi

21、otics,insulin,vaccines.Changes in the view of disease make situation different for psychosomatic medicine.Emergence of behavior medicine and Health psychology1)behavioral medicine 1977,a conference at Yale University,a new field:behavioral medicine.Definition:“the interdisciplinary field concerned w

22、ith the development and integration of behavior and biomedical science knowledge and techniques relevant to health and illness and the application of this knowledge and these techniques to prevention,diagnosis,treatment and rehabilitation.”2)Health psychology Concerns individual behaviors and lifest

23、yles affecting a persons physical health.History:In 1978,APA established division 38-health psychology,as“a scientific,educational,and professional organization for psychologists interested in areas at one or another of the interfaces of medicine and psychology.”1982,JournalHealth Psychology published.Objectives:To advance psychology as a science and profession and to promote health and human welfare.