Chapter14-Political-Parties-and-Groups-当代-英国-概况-课件.ppt

1、 Chapter 14 Political Parties and GroupsChapter 14Political Parties&GroupsHow many main political parties are there in the United Kingdom today?What are they?Which party is currently in power,and which party in opposition?(P232)What are the major beliefs of the Conservative Party and of the Labour p

2、arty?(PP233-4)What do you think are the main political values held by the British public?(P236)What do you think are the functions of pressure groups?(P237)Apart from voting in the General and Local Elections,what are some other means for ordinary people to participate in national or local politics?

3、(P238)Main Parties the Conservative Party the Labour Party the Liberal Demacrats Other smaller national parties Alliance Party Cooperative party Democratic Unionist Party Liberal Party Plaid Cymru Scottish National Party United Kingdom Unionist Party Social Democratic and Labour Party Uk Independenc

4、e Party2022-10-6The multi-party system The multi-party system:more than two parties with some impact on a states political life No guaranteed absolute majority for any partyA healthy political rivalryBeliefsGovernment:to protect or to provideIndividual:imperfect&deserving constraints or worthy of so

5、cial backup Fairness:fair chances for personal development or fairness in the sense of equality BeliefsThe Tory thought:Take but degree away,untune that string,|And hark,what discord follows(Shakespeares Ulysses,Troilus,I.iii.109).Beliefs(Conservative)Government:central control,a strong legal system

6、more police,school discipline Free-market:lower taxesWelfare provision:cleaner hospitalsNationalism:controlled immigrationBeliefs(Labour)Government:work together,nationally and internationally;(more opportunity,more growth:trade deals,help offered to poor countries,to stimulate domestic economy);tak

7、e action,not to let recession run its course New measures:banking reforming,policing,crime reduction,public services,etc.Fairness:fair chances for all;fair rules Comparison of Manifestos1997(P235)Conservative To protect Minimum government interference Economy to take less Labour To provide Greater g

8、overnment interference Economy to give moreComparison of Manifestos2001(P235)ConservativeLabourHealth ability to pay,willingness to payHealth needEducation individual libertyEducation national scheme/plan Law&Order implemention of lawLaw&Order tougher measuresEurope nationalism Europe internationali

9、smOverall aim individualism,libertyOverall aim greater equalityElection Manifestos 2005Labour ManifestoYour family better off Your child achieving more Your children with the best start Your family treated better and faster Your community safer Your countrys borders protected Conservativemore police

10、,cleaner hospitals,lower taxes,school discipline,controlled immigration and accountabilityParty in powerthe Labour Partyin power The 1997 election campaign saw the Tories in decline,the new Labour won On 7 June 2001 Tony Blair led Labour to a second successive victory in a General Election,winning b

11、y another landslide In June,2005 a third victory for Labour the Conservative Partyin oppositionPublic Opinion&Voting BehaviourWhy did Labour lose 1992 elections?All caring issues such as social welfare,NHS,education and unemployment Taxation and keeping inflation down Key Issue at the election:pound

12、 in your pocket;greater economic stability and more opportunity to consumeWhy did Labour win 1997 Election?Internal reforms,eg,reduction in trade union powerNew Labour by the more modernising Blair-notably,abandonment of Clause IV of its constitution in 1995,termination of the party commitment to st

13、ate ownership.Acceptance of market economics,low inflation and interest rates,cuts in taxation,spending and welfare;tough law and order especially for juvenile offenders(like Conservative policies)New,radical proposals for constitutional reform PARTY%OF VOTES CASTMEMBER ELECTEDLabour43.2418Conservat

14、ive30.7165Liberal Dem16.846Others9.330Total100.0659General Election Result,1997PARTY%OF VOTES CASTMEMBER ELECTEDLabour40.7413Conservative31.7166Liberal Dem18.352Others10.328Total100.0659General Election Result,2001Labour VictoryParty-Seats-Seats Change(since 01)-%VoteLabour-336-77-35.2Cons-197-+31-3

15、2.3LibDem-62-+10-22Other-30-+3-10.5Pressure GroupsAn organised group that does not put up candidates for election,but seeks to influence government policy or legislation interest groups,lobby groups or protest groupsThousands of themPressure GroupsTo influence decisionsA variety of different methods

16、To inform legislators of its members preferencesTo give money or time to help with an election campaign To threaten to vote as a bloc To speed up legislation by writing bills and helping legislators make progressive agreements To influence members of the executivePressure GroupsIncrease participatio

17、n and access to the political system-enhancing the quality of democracy Improve the quality of government:consultation with affected groupsA product of freedom of associationParticipation in an unequal way,benefiting the well organised but disadvantaging the weakly organised:against the public interest