Unit 4 Friends Forever Using Language 定语从句（ppt课件） -2022新外研版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、定语从句定语从句About Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。先行词先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose 等;关系副词有when,where,why 等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。For example:The women who are speaking at the meeting are famou

2、s scientists.who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.是定语从句,修饰先行词 the women，who是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词 the women,在定语从句中作主语。关系代词关系代词关系词类别关系词类别关系词关系词先行词先行词充当从句中的充当从句中的句子成分句子成分 关系代词关系代词 who人主，宾，表whom人宾which物主，宾，表that人或物主，宾，表as人或物主，宾，表whose人或物定关系副词关系副词关系词类别关系词类别关系词关系词先行词先行词充当从句中的充当从句中的句子成分句子成分关系副

3、词关系副词where地点状when时间状whyreason状1.关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词在定语从句中作_、_、_。关系副词在定语从句中作_。2.如何选用定语从句的关系词(1)首先分清_和_。(2)确定定语从句修饰的_,指人还是指物。(3)(代入法)把先行词带回到定语从句中去,看其在定语从句中所做成分(主语,宾语,定语或状语)(4)若先行词在从句中做_、_或_则选择关系代词,若在从句中做_,则选择关系副词主语宾语定语状语主句从句先行词主语宾语定语状语介词介词+关系代词关系代词1.介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句时，位于介词之后的关系代关系代词引导的定语从句时，位于介词之后的关系代词只能是

4、词只能是which或或whom，构成介词，构成介词+which（指物）；介词（指物）；介词+whom（指人）两种结构。（指人）两种结构。Ex:The service about that the students complain a lot should be improved.(改错)He is a library assistant from who I borrowed some books.(改错)代词代词whose+名词名词 引导的定语从句可转化为引导的定语从句可转化为 _或或 _结结构；构；of 表所属关系。表所属关系。I live in a room whose windows

5、 are all broken.=I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.=I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.the+名词+of+which/whomof+which/whom+the+名词关系副词关系副词when,where,why可以相应地转化为可以相应地转化为 介词介词+which结构。结构。This is the house where/_ I lived two years ago.介词关系代词引导的定语从句前常有不定代词介词关系代词引导的定语从句

6、前常有不定代词some,any,none,both,all,many,a few,few,a little,little,either,neither,one等修饰。等修饰。He loves his parents deeply,_（他们俩）are very kind to him.in whichboth of whom介词关系代词引导的定语从句中，介词的确定常常遵循介词关系代词引导的定语从句中，介词的确定常常遵循以下三原则以下三原则 1.介词与先行词的关系介词与先行词的关系 2.从句谓语动词的搭配从句谓语动词的搭配 3.整整个句子表达的意思。简称个句子表达的意思。简称“一先，二动，三意义一

7、先，二动，三意义”。6.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：放在动语之后，不提前：He is the student(who/whom/that)the teachers are looking for.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句区别区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式形式与主句之间不用逗号隔开与主句之间有逗号隔开功能功能对先行词进行限定、修饰。如果省去从句部分剩余部分意义便不完整、不明确对先行词作附加说明。去掉后，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整、明确先行词先行词名词

8、、代词或名词词组名词、名词词组或整个主句引导词引导词所有关系词除that 和 why之外的关系词翻译翻译先译从句再译先行词主句从句分别翻译翻译先译从句再译先行词主句从句分别翻译 whichas位置上只放在主句的后面位置灵活,可放在主句之前、之后或中间搭配上无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如see,hear,know,expect,remember等意思上意为“这一点”意为“正如，正像.的那样”As 与与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别AttentionA 定语从句在下列情况下只能用定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用，而不能用whic

9、h。1.当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen.2.当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,much等代词时，或当先行词受等代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如：等代词修饰时。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said?A 定语

10、从句在下列情况下只能用定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用，而不能用which。3.当先行词被当先行词被the very,the only,the same,the last修饰时。如：修饰时。如：After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owns.4.当先行词是当先行词是who,或或which引导的主句时。如：引导的主句时。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?A

11、定语从句在下列情况下只能用定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用，而不能用which。5.当先行词既有人又有物时。如：当先行词既有人又有物时。如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.6.当主句以当主句以here，there，which开头时开头时Here is the hotel that youve been looking for.There is a seat in the corner that is still not taken.Which is the T-shirt

12、 that fits me most?A 定语从句在下列情况下只能用定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用，而不能用which。7.当先行词是表语且关系代词本身在从句中作表语时当先行词是表语且关系代词本身在从句中作表语时The school is no longer the place that it used to be.B 关系代词用关系代词用which不能用不能用that的情况的情况1.引导非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时2.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时Im looking for a containe

13、r in which I can put all these coins.C 先行词为人时，关系代词用先行词为人时，关系代词用who不能用不能用that的情况的情况1.引导非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时2.先行词为指人的先行词为指人的one，ones，anyone或或those时时Anyone who failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.3.先行词有较长的后置定语时先行词有较长的后置定语时Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is

14、 speaking at the meeting?C 先行词为人时，关系代词用先行词为人时，关系代词用who不能用不能用that的情况的情况4.There be句型中，主语是指人的名词时句型中，主语是指人的名词时Theres a gentleman who wants to see you.5.两个定语从句中，一个用了两个定语从句中，一个用了that，另一个指人的关系代词用，另一个指人的关系代词用whoThe student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works ve

15、ry hard.D 先行词为人时，关系代词用先行词为人时，关系代词用that不能用不能用who的情况的情况1.当主句是以当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时开头的特殊疑问句时Who was the man that you danced with last night?2.当先行词前有当先行词前有the same，形容词最高级，序数词，形容词最高级，序数词，the last，only等词修饰时等词修饰时He is the last man that I want to see.1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略。Do you know the gi

16、rl is talking with your mother?(误)The boy you saw just now is Toms brother.(正)2.定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词的单复数保持一致。定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词的单复数保持一致。Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that_ been produced in Hollywood.Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that _ been produced in Hollywood.(“one of+

17、可数名词复数”，关系代词作主语，谓语动词复数形式“the only one of+可数名词复数”，关系代词作主语，谓语动词单数形式)havehas3.当先行词受当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但引导定语从句，但与与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。引导的定语从句意思有区别。4.当先行词是当先行词是当先行词是当先行词是way(意为意为“方式、方法方式、方法”)时时,引导定语引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式。如：从句的关系词有下列三种形式。如：What surprised me was not what he said but the way _

18、he said it.that/in which/不填5.先行词是先行词是time时时,若若time作作“次数次数”讲时讲时,应用关系代词应用关系代词that引导引导定语从句定语从句,that可省略可省略;若若time作作“一段时间一段时间,时代时代”讲讲,应用关系副应用关系副词词when或介词或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。引导定语从句。I could hardly remember how many times(that)Ive failed.This is the second time(that)the President has visited the country.This was at a time when/during which there were no radios,no telephones or no TV sets.6.当先行词是situation,occasion,point（地步，程度），case（情况，例子），position（职位，位置），scene（场景）等表示抽表示抽象象“地点地点”的名词作先行词时的名词作先行词时，若定语从句中缺少主语、宾语缺少主语、宾语或表语或表语时应用关系代词which,that来引导；若从句中缺少地点作缺少地点作状语状语时，用关系副词where来引导定语从句。THANKS