Unit 3 Grammar （ppt课件） -2022新外研版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Grammar什么是时态？时态就是表示一个动作发生的时间和所处的状态。“时”就是这个动作发生的“时间”；“态”就是这个动作在某个时刻的“状态”。英语中把时间分为三类：过去（past）、现在（now）和将来（future）。状态一般式表示经常发生的动作，其动词形式为do。I often get up at 7.我经常在七点钟起床。进行式表示正在进行的动作，其动词形式为“be动词+doing”。She is singing a French song.她正在唱一首法语歌。状态完成式表示对“之前发生动作”的一个总结，其动词形式为“have+done”：They have found the miss

2、ing child.他们找到那个失踪的孩子了。完成进行式表示对“正在进行动作”的一个总结，其动词形式为“have+been+doing”：I have been reading books for two hours.我已经连续读书两个小时了。动词的十二类时态中文和英文的时态差异时态在中文里通过时间状语来体现，而英语则通过谓语动词展现。我昨天 跑步I ran yesterday我 跑步I run我明天 跑步I will run tomorrow一、一般现在时一、一般现在时(主语主语am/is/are表语或主语动词原形表语或主语动词原形/动词第三动词第三人称单数形式人称单数形式)1表示经常性或习

3、惯性的动作，常与often、usually、always、sometimes、never、every day、once a month等时间状语连用。He goes to school at seven oclock every day.他每天七点钟去上学。We like communicating with our friends using WeChat now.现在我们喜欢用微信和朋友们交流。2表示普遍存在的真理和客观事实。Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。China lies in the east of Asia.中国位于亚洲的东部。T

4、eacher Cui is elder than Teacher Zheng.崔老师比郑老师年长。3表示按规定或时刻表将要发生的动作，仅限少数动词(短语)。如begin、come、go、leave、start、arrive、end、return、take off等。The plane takes off at 15：05.飞机15：05起飞。The meeting begins at eight.会议八点开始。4在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Well let you know the good news as soon as you arrive.

5、你一到我们就告诉你这个好消息。If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。动词第三人称单数形式变化规则动词第三人称单数形式变化规则一般情况一般情况(包括包括“元音字元音字母母y”结尾的词结尾的词)在词尾加在词尾加-srunrunsaskaskslivelivesplayplays以以ch、sh、s、z、x或或o结结尾的词尾的词在词尾加在词尾加-esteachteachesfinishfinishesfixfixesdodoes以辅音字母以辅音字母y结尾的词结尾的词去掉去掉y，加上，加上-iestrytriesstudystu

6、diesworryworries二、现在进行时二、现在进行时(主语主语am/is/are现在分词现在分词)1表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now、at the moment等连用。I am writing a letter now.Will you please turn down the radio?我正在写信，请你把收音机的音量调小一点儿，好吗？I am taking class.Please be quiet.我正在上课，请安静一点。2表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定进行的动作。He is writing a book about Chinese history these day

7、s.这些天他正在写一本关于中国历史的书。I am finishing my dissertation.我最近都在写毕业论文。3表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。有此用法的动词有go、come、leave、start、arrive、return等。Mr White is leaving for Beijing in a few days.几天后，怀特先生将动身去北京。4表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等，常与always、constantly、continually等副词连用。He is always asking such simple questions.他老是问这种简单的问题。He

8、is always thinking more of others than of himself.他总是为别人考虑得多，为自己考虑得少。三、现在完成时三、现在完成时(主语主语have/has过去分词过去分词)1表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，着眼于现在。常与already、just、yet、never、before、lately、recently、in the last(past)few years、up to now、till now、so far等连用。In the last few years,China has made great achievements in envi

9、ronmental protection.在过去几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。2表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或状态，常与for一段时间，since时间点等表示一段时间的状语连用。He has worked here for over twenty years.他在这里工作已有20多年了。He has lived in London since 2020.自从2020年以来他就住在伦敦。3在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可代替一般将来时。(天津卷天津卷)We wont start the work until all the preparations have been mad

10、e.直到所有的准备工作都做完了，我们才开始工作。Ill go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework.我一完成作业就去参加聚会。4在“This/It is the first/second.timethat从句”结构中，that从句一般用现在完成时。This is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall.这是我第一次参观长城。5在“This/It is the序数词/形容词最高级名词that 从句”结构中，that从句用现在完成时。This is the most int

11、eresting film that he has watched.这是他看过的最有趣的电影。四、一般过去时四、一般过去时(主语主语was/were表语或主语实义动词的过去式表语或主语实义动词的过去式)1一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间发生的动作或者状态。常与then、at that time、just now、a moment ago、the other day、in the past、at one time、three days ago、last year、yesterday等时间状语连用。Tom wanted to help us yesterday,but he was ver

12、y busy.汤姆昨天想帮助我们，但他太忙了。Teacher Cui was born in 1993.2表示过去的习惯动作，常与often、always、usually等表示频度的时间状语连用。During his middle school years,he played football nearly every day.他在中学时代几乎天天踢足球。During the first week at senior high,he didnt hand in English homework everyday.3有些情况，虽然没有明确表示过去的时间状语，但可根据语境判断出动作发生在过去，应用

13、过去时态。I didnt know you were in Paris.我事先不知道你在巴黎。Your phone number again,please.I didnt quite catch it.请再说一遍你的电话号码。我没有听清楚。动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则一般情况一般情况加加-eddelaydelayed callcalled以以e结尾结尾加加-dagreeagreed hatehated以以“辅音字母辅音字母y”结尾结尾(但以但以“元音字母元音字母y”结结尾的动词要直接加尾的动词要直接加-ed)去掉去掉y，加上，加上-iedcrycried c

14、arrycarriedtrytried worryworried“一个元音字母一个辅一个元音字母一个辅音字母音字母”结尾，又是重读结尾，又是重读闭音节时闭音节时最后一个辅音最后一个辅音字母双写，再字母双写，再加上加上-edbegbegged stopstopped五、一般将来时五、一般将来时(主语主语will/shall动词原形动词原形)一般将来时由“shall/will动词原形”构成，表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow、next week、in the future、in a few days 等时间状语连用。“will动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。Next m

15、onth we will have our school open day.下个月我们将迎来学校开放日。Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.杰克逊博士现在不在他的办公室里。All right.I will call him later.好的。我晚些时候给他打电话。将来时的其他表达法：将来时的其他表达法：(1)be going to表示按计划、打算要做某事，此外，还可以表示表示按计划、打算要做某事，此外，还可以表示根据某些迹象判断将要发生的事情。根据某些迹象判断将要发生的事情。I am going to meet Mr Smith at t

16、he airport at 8：30 tonight.今晚八点半我将在机场接史密斯先生。今晚八点半我将在机场接史密斯先生。Look at the black clouds!It is going to rain.瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。(2)be about to do表示即将发生的将来动作，该结构不与表示具表示即将发生的将来动作，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，多与体的将来时间状语连用，多与when连用。连用。I was about to go to have dinner when he called me up.我正要吃饭，这时他给我打电话了。我正要吃饭，这时他

17、给我打电话了。(3)be to do表示按照约定、职责、义务或要求等即将发生的动表示按照约定、职责、义务或要求等即将发生的动作。作。We are to meet at the school gate at six in the morning.我们定于早晨我们定于早晨6点在学校门口碰头。点在学校门口碰头。单句语法填空(1)As soon as you come here,I _(show)you around the city.(2)What are you going to do this afternoon?I _(watch)a film with some friends.will s

18、howam going to watch(3)Attention,please!We are about _(start)our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building.(4)You are _(hand)in the exercises tomorrow.to startto handComplete the dialogue with the correct form of the words and expressions in brackets.hascalledwill throw/are going to throww

19、ill give/am going to givelikesam thinking ofwill lovehavefinished2P291._ a concert next Saturday?A.There will be B.Will there be C.There can be D.There are2.If they come,we _ a meeting.A.have B.will have C.had D.would have3.Sorry,I cant open the door,for I _ the key to it.A.lost B.lose C.had lost D.

20、have lost4.Harry Potter is a very nice film.I _ it twice.A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see5.-Bob must be very wealthy.-Yes,he _ more in one day than I do in a week.A.has been earned B.had earned C.earns D.has earned6.-Come on in,Peter.I want to show you something.-Oh,how nice of you!I _ you _ to br

21、ing me a gift.A.didnt think,.were going B.hadnt thought,were going C.never think,are going D.never thought,were going7.I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.A.has worked B.was working C.is working D.had worked8.Zhao Lan _ already _ in this school for two years.A.was;studying B.will;study C.has;studied D.are;studying9.If it _ tomorrow,well go roller-skating.A.Isnt rain B.wont rain C.doesnt rain D.isnt raining