2022年北京高考英语阅读C篇分析讲义-2023届高考英语复习.docx

1、2022年北京高考英语阅读C篇分析和答案解析如何应对全球挑战，比如achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition？Professor Crystal给出我们需要的答案。（原文）“What would the world be if there were no hunger?”Its a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining

2、something that isnt part of real lifeand learning how to make it realis a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The resultan approach known as systems thinkingis now seen as essent

3、ial in meeting global challenges.由问题或例子开启一篇抽象的文章，是说明文或议论文常用的手法。本文亦是。笔者在其他文章中谈及问句犹如向导作用。“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” is a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students and they found it hard to answer，关于“如果没有饥饿，这个世界会怎样”的问题，Professor Crystal的学生竟无言而对。背后原因在于imagining somet

4、hing that isnt part of real lifeand learning how to make it realis a rare skill that is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists，也即，想象一些不是现实生活中的东西，并学会如何使之成为现实是一项罕见的技能。该技能被传授给了艺术家和工程师，但很少传授给科学家。基于此，Crystal着手改变这种现状，并帮助创建一个全球运动（a global movement）。其结果，an approach known as syste

5、ms thinkingis now seen as essential in meeting global challenges，也即，一种被称之为系统思维的方法，被视为应对全球挑战的关键。这也是作者针对systems thinking或systems approach所做评论。至此，全文关键词systems thinking被作者呈现在读者面前。（原文）Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering

6、 the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect (交叉) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food systemor any other networkrequires three things to happen. First, research

7、ers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.回归the question “What would the world be if there were no hung

8、er?” asked by Professor Crystal，也即zero hunger（零饥饿），再有better nutrition（更好的营养），而取得这两个目标的关键在于系统思维（systems thinking）。原因在于系统思维要求considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect with human health, the environment, economics and soc

9、iety，也即，考虑事物生产，加工，运输和消费的方式。除此之外，还要看这些（环节）和人类健康，环境，经济与社会间的交叉方式。基于systems thinking，无论是改变食物系统（the food system）还是任何其他的网络，对于研究者而言，皆需发生三件事情：一是identify all the players in that system，找到该体系中的参与者；二是work out how they relate to each other，找出参与者之间的关系；三是understand and quantify the impact of those relationships o

10、n each other and on those outside the system，理解和量化这些关系对彼此以及系统之外的影响。此段主讲systems thinking之于zero hunger的作用和以及在systems thinking的指引之下，changing the food system的所需操作。Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished (营养不良) people in the world has been rising, des

11、pite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consis

12、t of at least 26,000 biochemicalsand that the vast majority are not known.再看systems thinking之于nutrition。现实告诉我们，the number of undernourished (营养不良) people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science，尽管营养科学取得长足进步，但整个世界的营养不良人数一直在上升。一方面，Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food

13、has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases，跟踪食物中的150种生化物质对于揭示卡路里，糖，脂肪和常见疾病的出现之间关系很重要。另一方面，辅以（当今的）machine learning（机器学习）and artificial intelligence（人工智能），some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 bioch

14、emicalsand that the vast majority are not known，也即，一些科学家提出，人类饮食至少由26，000种生化物质构成，而它们中的绝大部分，目前并不为我们所知。此段旨在强调，在systems thinking之下，我们可以运用当今先进科技辅助发现更多信息，从而进一步认识并应对我们所面临的全球挑战（global challenges）。A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal powe

15、r. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress (修正) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.产生改变的systems approach除了基于以上情况，还需建立在the assumption that everyone in the system

16、 has equal power，也即，假定该系统中的所有参与者有着相同权力。But the food system is not an equal one，食物系统并非是平等的。如何改变the food system is not an equal one的现状？A good way to redress (修正) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach，好的修正权力失衡（power

17、 imbalance）方法是，让更多大学做Crystal所做，并且教学生如何使用系统方法进行思考。该段倡导更多大学参与进来，做Crystal所做，且教育学生运用系统方法加以思考。学有所成之后，这些学生最终将走向各个行业，践行并孵化systems approach。More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. C

18、rystal knew that visions alone dont produce results, but concluded that “well never produce results that we cant envision”.大学之外更广阔的食品行业又将如何运用systems approach?一方面，来自食品行业的更多参与者（研究者，决策者和代表）一定要学会用长远目光看待自己的直接责任（direct lines of responsibility）并采取系统方法（a systems approach）。另一方面，visions alone dont produce res

19、ults，（虽然）单凭想象不能产生结果，但Crystal认为，well never produce results that we cant envision，我们永远不会产生我们无法想象的结果。意在强调想象的重要性。答案解析：28The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to _.Aillustrate an argumentBhighlight an opinionCintroduce the topicDpredict the ending解析：正确答案为C。原文分析中已做分析，也即，该问句旨在引出将要讨论的下文话题。2

20、9What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?AThe first objective of systems thinking hasnt been achieved.BThe relationships among players have been clarified.CMachine learning can solve the nutrition problem.DThe impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.解析：此题难度较大。首先确认the field of nutrition和ze

21、ro hunger为平行话题。故该题信息源自第二自然段的Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition。再根据第三自然段的In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science，可知答案选A。30As fo

22、r systems thinking, which would the author agree with?AIt may be used to justify power imbalance.BIt can be applied to tackle challenges.CIt helps to prove why hunger exists.DIt goes beyond human imagination.解析：该题答案选B。该题信息源自第一自然段的The resultan approach known as systems thinkingis now seen as essential in meeting global challenges。可回查原文分析。tackle为解决和应对之意。