医学英语词汇课件.ppt

1、Medical Vocabulary Teaching Office of Fundamental NursingWang JuanconstructionEnglish Medical Terminologyprofessional literature reading Writing for Abstract of Medical Thesis ISPN and Related IssuesNursing Process Health Assessment Community Health Nursing Nursing Care of the Oldest Old Promoting C

2、oping in Hospitalized Children Midwifery and Perinatal Care Principles and Methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Nursing 医学英语词汇概述医学英语词汇概述教学内容教学内容医学英语语词的来源医学英语语词的来源医学英语词汇特点医学英语词汇特点 医学词根、前缀、后缀医学词根、前缀、后缀词词 源源古英语：数量极少，只是最基本的人体解剖术语和与人体基本生理功能和疾患相关术语。有些单词意义基本没有变化：blood;bone;eye;mouth;hand拼写、读音、意义都发生变化

3、：chest breast词词 源源希腊语：借自希腊语的前缀：peri-(周围，围绕，靠近)；auto-(自己，独自)借自希腊语的词根：append(o)-(阑尾)；mast(o)-(乳腺，乳房)借自希腊语的单词：colon-(结肠)；coma-(昏迷)词词 源源拉丁语：借自拉丁语的前缀：re-(再，又，重新)；centi-(百)借自拉丁语的词根：audi(o)-(听觉，听力)；urin(o)-(尿)借自拉丁语的单词：medicine-(医学)；tumor-(肿瘤)词词 源源阿拉伯语：syrup 法语：hospital;benigh德语：aspirin;gene意大利语：influenza;m

4、alaria西班牙语：mosquito;quinine词词 源源中医术语：yin(阴)；yang(阳)；jing(精)；qi(气)tui na(推拿)；acupuncture point(穴位)医学英语词汇主要特点医学英语词汇主要特点1 1、医学英语借用普通英语部分词汇、医学英语借用普通英语部分词汇2 2、部分医学词汇中英之间音或形相近、部分医学词汇中英之间音或形相近3 3、大量医学英语词汇包含词根、词缀、大量医学英语词汇包含词根、词缀4 4、医学英语词汇中存在大量缩略词、医学英语词汇中存在大量缩略词5 5、一个意义常有多个表达、一个意义常有多个表达1 1、医学英语借用普通英语部分词汇、医学英

5、语借用普通英语部分词汇Irrigation:冲洗-灌溉Solution:溶液-解决问题Labor:分娩-劳力Indication:适应-指示Secondary:继发性中级的2 2、部分医学词汇中英之间音或形相近、部分医学词汇中英之间音或形相近音近：penicillin:盘尼西林 Gua Sha:刮痧形近：milk tooth:乳齿 chicken breast:鸡胸3 3、大量医学英语词汇包含词根、词缀、大量医学英语词汇包含词根、词缀Electrocardiogram：心电图Autotransplantation:自体移植4 4、医学英语词汇中存在大量缩略词、医学英语词汇中存在大量缩略词字母缩

6、略词：取自短语:BP=Blood Pressure SARS=Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 取自单词：ECG=electrocardiogram截短词：cardiogram=electrocardiogram 5 5、一个意义常有多个表达、一个意义常有多个表达近视：myopia;near-sighted;near/short-sightedness小便：urinate(V.);urine(n.)pass water;pee 医学英语词汇结构医学英语词汇结构医学词素医学词素(morpheme)(morpheme)：医学词根医学词根(root)(root)医学

7、词缀医学词缀(affix:prefix,suffix)(affix:prefix,suffix)医学英语词汇结构医学英语词汇结构词根：词根：可以在不同的单词里出现，但它的基本形式和含义相同 erythr(o)-1、自由词根：abdomen2、黏着词根：vas(o)-医学英语词汇结构医学英语词汇结构前缀（前缀（prefixprefix）：）：置于词根前对词根的含义加以补充与限定的词素1、指事物基本状况的前缀：a-,dys-,hyper-2、指时间、方位或位置的前缀：ex-,in-,peri-,sub-,trans-3、指相互关系的前缀：auto-,idio-,homo-4、指数字的前缀：uni-

8、,bi-,tri-,cent-医学英语词汇结构医学英语词汇结构后缀（后缀（suffixsuffix）：）：置于词根后对词根的含义加以补充与限定的词素常常用于单词后作为添加词素来改变词汇含义的一小部分或改变词性，但不可能改变一个单词的含义简单后缀（simple suffix）复合性后缀（compound suffix）医学英语词汇结构医学英语词汇结构简单后缀：简单后缀：形容词后缀：-ar,-ic,-itic动词后缀：-ize,-ate,-fy名词后缀：-oma,-ia,-itis副词后缀：-ad,-ward,-wise医学英语词汇结构医学英语词汇结构复合性后缀：复合性后缀：由部分词根和简单后缀结

9、合而成-graphy=-graph+y:process of recording-logy=-log+y:study,science-uria=-ur+ia:urine condition连接元音字母：连接元音字母：在两个词素之间常会被添加进一个连接元音字 母，以使人们在连读这两个词素时，在语音上顺 口流畅。连接元音字母大多出现在两个词素相连而后一连接元音字母大多出现在两个词素相连而后一个词素的起始字母发辅音的情况下，尤其是在个词素的起始字母发辅音的情况下，尤其是在前一个词素的末尾字母发辅音而后一个词素的前一个词素的末尾字母发辅音而后一个词素的起始字母也发辅音的情况下。起始字母也发辅音的情况下

10、。6 6个连接元音字母：个连接元音字母：o:o:为最常见的连接元音字母为最常见的连接元音字母i:i:为较常见的连接元音字母为较常见的连接元音字母a,e,u:a,e,u:较少见的连接元音字母较少见的连接元音字母y:y:为最少见连接元音字母为最少见连接元音字母-o-:therm（温）+meter（测量器）：thermometer-i-：insect（虫）+cide（杀）：insecticide-a-：pent（五）+gon（角）：pentagon-e-：liqu（液）+fy（化）：liquefy-u-：cent（百）+ple（倍）：centuple连接元音字母的标注：一个词素在后连另一词素时连接元

11、音字母的标注：一个词素在后连另一词素时需要添加的连接元音字母是特定的。需要添加的连接元音字母是特定的。my-,myo-:my-,myo-:肌肌ost-,osto-:ost-,osto-:骨骨dent-,denti-,dento-:dent-,denti-,dento-:牙牙ant-,anti-:ant-,anti-:对立，反抗，制止对立，反抗，制止快速记忆快速记忆-centesis 穿刺术穿刺术-graphy 记录，摄影记录，摄影-plasty 成型术成型术-scopy 镜检镜检-stasis 停止，制止停止，制止测试测试arthrocentesis cardiography myoplast

12、y cystoscopy mycostasis pelvimetry v关节穿刺术关节穿刺术v心电图心电图v肌成型术肌成型术v膀胱镜检查膀胱镜检查v抑制霉菌作用抑制霉菌作用v骨盆测量仪骨盆测量仪 医学英语常用词根及构词医学英语常用词根及构词 呼吸系统（呼吸系统（The respiratory system)This includes the lungs and the passages leading to and from them.The purpose of this system is to take in air,and from it extract oxygen which is

13、 then dissolved into the blood and conveyed to all the tissues.A waste product of the cells,carbon dioxide,is taken by the blood to the lungs,whence it is expelled to the outside air.The respiratory system 1、呼吸、呼吸breath 词根：-pnea,pneum(o)-,pneumat(o)-,-spir(o)例词：orthopnea端坐呼吸；pneumothorax气胸；expiratio

14、n呼气2、鼻、鼻nose 词根：nas(o)-,rhin(o)-例词：nasopharynx鼻咽；rhinitis鼻炎 3、喉、喉throat词根：laryng(o)-例词：laryngitis喉炎；4、气管、气管windpipe词根：trache(o)-例词：tracheotomy气管切开术；tracheal气管的The respiratory system 5、支气管、支气管bronchi词根：bronch(o)-例词：bronchiectasis支气管扩张；bronchitis支气管炎The respiratory system 6、肺、肺lung：词根：pneumon(o)-,pulm

15、o(n)(o)-例词：pneumonia肺炎；pulmonary肺的7、胸、胸chest：词根：thorac(o)-例词：thoracentesis胸腔穿刺术；The respiratory system PracticePracticeRespiratory distress syndrome PneumoniaLung ventilationMetabolic compensationdyspneav呼吸窘迫综合征呼吸窘迫综合征v肺炎肺炎v肺通气肺通气v代谢代偿代谢代偿v呼吸困难呼吸困难Diagnostic termsInspection：视诊Auscultation：听诊 Percuss

16、ion：叩诊Palpation：触诊AbbreviationsARDSBronchCOPDCPRCXRDPTAbbreviationsARDS:Acute respiratory distress syndromeCOPD:Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCPR:Cardiopulmonary resuscitationCXR:Chest X-rayDPT:diphtheria,pertussis,tetanusThe circulatory systemThe heart,blood vessels,lymph vessels and lymph n

17、odes all make up the system whereby blood is pumped to all the body tissues,bringing with it food,oxygen and other substances,and carrying away waste materials.The circulatory system1、心、心heart：词根：词根：cardi(o)-例词：例词：electrocardiogram心电图；心电图；cardiomyopathy心肌病心肌病2、心房、心房auricle：词根：词根：atri(o)-例词：例词：atrial

18、心房的；心房的；sinoatrial窦房的窦房的The circulatory system3、心室、心室ventricle：词根：词根：ventricul(o)-例词：例词：ventricular心室的；心室的；interventricular室间的室间的4、瓣膜、瓣膜valve：词根：词根：valvul(o)-例词：例词：valvular瓣膜的瓣膜的The circulatory system5、血管、血管vessel：词根：词根：vas(o)-,angi(o)-例词：例词：vasculitis血管炎；血管炎；angiography血管造影血管造影6、动脉、动脉artery：词根：词根：a

19、rteri(o)-例词：例词：arteriography动脉造影；动脉造影；arteritis动脉炎动脉炎The circulatory system7、静脉、静脉vein：词根：词根：ven(o)-,phleb(o)-例词：例词：venous静脉的；静脉的；phlebitis静脉炎静脉炎8、主动脉、主动脉aorta：词根：词根：aort(o)-例词：例词：aortitis主动脉炎；主动脉炎；aortic主动脉的主动脉的The circulatory system9、毛细血管、毛细血管capillary：词根：词根：capillar(o)-例词：例词：postcapillary后毛细血管；后毛

20、细血管；10、脉搏、脉搏pulse:词根：词根：puls(o)-,sphygm(o)-例词：例词：pulse脉搏；脉搏；sphygmogram脉搏图脉搏图PracticePracticeAcute myocardial infarctionPrimary coronary stentingAngioplastyProspective studyIntracoronary stentv急性心肌梗死急性心肌梗死v冠状动脉主支架术冠状动脉主支架术v血管成形术血管成形术v前瞻性研究前瞻性研究v冠状动脉内支架冠状动脉内支架AbbreviationsAFBPCathCCUCHDCHFvCVPvDVTvHD

21、LvLDLAbbreviationsAF：atrial fibrillationBP:blood pressureCath:catheterizationCCU:coronary care unitCHD:coronary heart diseaseCHF:congestive heart failureAbbreviationsCVP:central venous pressureDVT:deep venous thrombosisHDL:high-density lipoproteinLDL:low-density lipoproteinThe digestive systemThis s

22、ystem comprises all organs which have to do with taking in food and converting the useful parts of it into substances that the body cells can use.Examples of these organs are the mouth,the teeth,and the alimentary tract.The digestive system1、咽、咽throat：词根：词根：pharyng(o)-例词：例词：pharyngitis咽炎咽炎2、胃、胃stoma

23、ch：词根：词根：gastr(o)-,stomach(o)-例词：例词：gastritis胃炎；胃炎；stomachache胃痛胃痛The digestive system3、肠、肠intestine：词根：词根：enter（o）-例词：例词：enteritis肠炎肠炎4、消化、消化digestion：词根：词根：peps(o)-,-gest(o)-例词：例词：dyspepsia消化不良；消化不良；digestion消化消化The digestive system5、胆囊、胆囊gallbladder：词根：词根：cholecyst(o)-例词：例词：cholecystitis胆囊炎；胆囊炎；6

24、、肝、肝liver:词根：词根：hepat(o)-例词：例词：hepatitis肝炎；肝炎；hepatocyte肝细胞肝细胞The digestive system7、阑尾、阑尾appendix：词根：词根：appendic(o)-例词：例词：appendicular阑尾的；阑尾的；appendicitis阑尾炎阑尾炎PracticePracticeHypoplasiaLeft hepatic lobeGallbladderv发育不全发育不全v左肝叶左肝叶v胆囊胆囊The urinary systemIts main components are the kidneys,the ureters

25、,the bladder and the urethra.Its purpose is to filter out and rid of the body of certain waste products taken by the blood from the cells.The urinary system1、尿、尿urine:词根：词根：urin(o)-,ur(o)-例词：例词：urine尿；尿；hematuria血尿血尿2、肾、肾kidney：词根：词根：ren(o)-,nephr(o)-例词：例词：suprarenal肾上的；肾上的；nephritis肾炎肾炎3、输尿管、输尿管ure

26、ter:词根：词根：ureter(o)-例词：例词：ureteric输尿管的；输尿管的；The urinary system4、膀胱、膀胱bladder词根：词根：vesic(o)-,cyst(o)-例词：例词：vesical膀胱的；膀胱的；cystitis膀胱炎膀胱炎 The urinary system5、前列腺、前列腺prostate：词根：词根：prostat(o)-例词：例词：prostatic前列腺的；前列腺的；prostatitis前列腺炎前列腺炎PracticePracticeTransitional cell carcinomaChronic renal failureInv

27、asive bladder cancerRenal pelvic tumorv移行细胞癌移行细胞癌v慢性肾衰慢性肾衰v侵袭性膀胱癌侵袭性膀胱癌v肾盂肿瘤肾盂肿瘤AbbreviationsADHARFCRFIVPUAUTIcystoAbbreviationsADH:antidiuretic hormoneARF:acute renal failureCRF:chronic renal failureIVP:intravenous pyelogramUA:urinalysisUTI:urinary tract infectioncysto:cystoscopic examinationThe en

28、docrine systemA few scattered organs know as endocrine glands produce special substances called hormones,which regulates such body functions as growth,food utilization within the cells,and reproduction.The endocrine system1、分泌、分泌secretion：词根：词根：crin(o)-,secret(o)-例词：例词：endocrine内分泌；内分泌；secretive分泌的分

29、泌的2、腺、腺gland:词根：词根：aden(o)-例词：例词：adenoma腺瘤；腺瘤；3、下丘脑、下丘脑hypothalamus：词根：词根：hypothalam(o)-例词：例词：hypothalamus下丘脑；下丘脑；hypothalamic下丘脑的下丘脑的The endocrine system4、垂体、垂体pituitary：词根：词根：pitui-例词：例词：pituitary垂体；垂体；5、甲状腺、甲状腺thyroid：词根：词根：thyr(o)-例词：例词：thyroiditis甲状腺炎甲状腺炎The endocrine system6、钙、钙calcium：词根：词根：c

30、alc(i)-例词：例词：calcification钙化钙化7、皮质、皮质cortex：词根：词根：cortic(o)-例词：例词：corticosteroid皮质类固醇皮质类固醇The endocrine system8、胸腺、胸腺thymus：词根：词根：thym(o)-例词：例词：thymosin胸腺素；胸腺素；thymocyte胸腺细胞胸腺细胞9、葡萄糖、葡萄糖glucose：词根：词根：gluc(o)-例词：例词：glucocorticoids糖皮质激素糖皮质激素PracticePracticePerturbationCortisolEstrogenGrowth hormonethy

31、roidv紊乱紊乱v皮质醇皮质醇v雌激素雌激素v生长激素生长激素v甲状腺的甲状腺的AbbreviationsBMRGTTHGHFBSTFTAbbreviationsBMR:basal metabolic rateGTT:glucose tolerance testHGH:human growth hormoneFBS:fasting blood sugarTFT:thyroid function testThe nervous systemThe brain,the spinal cord and the nerves all make up this very complex system

32、by which all parts of the body are controlled and coordinated.The organs of special sense,sometimes classed as a separate sensory system,together with the sense of touch,receive stimuli from the outside world,which are then converted into impulses that are transmitted to the brain.The brain determin

33、es to a great extent the bodys responses to messages from without and within,and in it occur such higher functions as memory and reasoning.1、脑、脑brain：词根：词根：encephal(o)-例词：例词：encephalitis脑炎；脑炎；2、大脑、大脑cerebrum：词根：词根：cerebr(o)-例词：例词：cerebrovascular脑血管的脑血管的The nervous system3、丘脑、丘脑thalamus：词根：词根：thalam(

34、o)-例词：例词：epithalamus上丘脑；上丘脑；subthalamus底丘脑底丘脑4、髓质、髓质marrow：词根：词根：medull(o)-例词：例词：medullary髓质的髓质的The nervous systemThe nervous system5、脑膜、脊膜、脑膜、脊膜membrane：词根：词根：mening(o)-例词：例词：meningitis脑膜炎脑膜炎6、脑室、脑室ventricle：词根：词根：ventricul(o)-例词：例词：intraventricular脑室内的脑室内的The nervous system7、脊柱、脊柱spine：词根：词根：spin(

35、o)-例词：例词：spinal脊柱的；脊柱的；cerebrospinal脑脊的脑脊的8、运动、运动motor：词根：词根：-kinesia例词：例词：bradykinesia运动迟缓；运动迟缓；hyperkinesia运动过多运动过多The nervous system9、迷走、迷走vagus：词根：词根：vag(o)-例词：例词：vagal迷走的；迷走的；10、精神、意志、精神、意志mind：词根：词根：psych(o)-例词：例词：psychotic精神的；精神的；psychiatry精神病学精神病学11、神经、神经nerve：词根：词根：neur(o)-例词：例词：neuroscienc

36、e神经科学；神经科学；neurology神经病学神经病学The nervous system12、交感神经、交感神经sympathetic nerve：词根：词根：sympath(o)-例词：例词：sympathoblast成交感神经细胞成交感神经细胞13、观念，理想、观念，理想idea:词根：词根：ide(o)-例词：例词：ideal观念的；观念的；idealism理想主义理想主义PracticePracticeEncephalitisSignal intensityUpper ponsBrainstemMagnetic resonancev脑炎脑炎v信号强度信号强度v上桥脑上桥脑v脑干脑干

37、v磁共振磁共振AbbreviationsCSFCNSCVAICPLPAbbreviationsCSF:cerebrospinal fluidCNS:central nervous systemCVA:cerebrovascular accidentICP:intracranial pressureLP:lumbar puncture The integumentary systemThe word“integument”means“skin”.The skin is considered by some authorities to be a separate body system.It i

38、ncludes the hair,nails,sweat and oil gland,and other related structures.1、眼、眼eye:词根：词根：ocul(o)-;例词：例词：oculomotor动眼的；动眼的；The integumentary systemSense organsThe integumentary system2、角膜、角膜cornea：词根：词根：corne(o)-;kerat(o)-例词：例词：corneal角膜的；角膜的；keratitis角膜炎角膜炎3、结膜、结膜conjunctiva:词根：词根：conjunctiv(o)-例词：例词：

39、conjunctival结膜的结膜的The integumentary system4、皮肤、皮肤skin：词根：词根：cut(i)-;derm(o)-;dermat(o)-例词：例词：subcutaneous皮下的；皮下的；dermatitis皮炎皮炎The integumentary system5、耳、耳ear：词根：词根：auri-;auricul(o)-;ot(o)-例词：例词：auricula耳廓；耳廓；auris耳；耳；6、感觉、感觉sensation:词根：词根：sens(o)-;例词：例词：sensory感觉的；感觉的；The integumentary system7、视觉

40、、视力、视觉、视力vision：词根：词根：-opia例词：例词：diplopia复视；复视；myopia近视近视The integumentary system8、瞳孔、瞳孔pupil:词根：词根：pupill(o)-例词：例词：pupillometer瞳孔计；瞳孔计；9、听觉、听力、听觉、听力hearing：词根：词根：audi(o)-;例词：例词：audiology听力学听力学 The integumentary systemSense organs10、嗅觉、嗅、嗅觉、嗅smell：词根：词根：olfact(o)-;-osm(o)-例词：例词：olfactory嗅觉的嗅觉的11、味觉、

41、味觉taste：词根：词根：gust(o)-;例词：例词：gustation味觉味觉PracticePracticePupilIntracutaneousMyopiaRhinitisv瞳孔瞳孔v皮内的皮内的v近视近视v鼻炎鼻炎AbbreviationsIOPODOSOUVAVFAbbreviationsIOP:intraocular pressureOD:right eyeOS:left eyeOU:each eye VA:visual acuityVF:visual fieldThe skeletal and muscular systemThe basic framework of the

42、 body is a system of over 200 bones with their joints.Collectively know as the skeleton.Body movements are due to the action of the muscles which are attached to the bones.Other types of muscles are present in the walls of such organs as the intestine and the heart.1、肌肉、肌肉muscle：词根：词根：muscul(o)-;my(

43、o)-例词：例词：myoglobin肌红蛋白肌红蛋白2、骨、骨bone：词根：词根：os-;osse(o)-;oste(o)例词：例词：ossicles小骨；小骨；ossification成骨；成骨；The skeletal and muscular system3、韧带、韧带ligament：词根：词根：ligament(o)-;syndesm(o)-例词：例词：ligamentous韧带的韧带的The skeletal and muscular system4、骨骼、骨骼skeleton：词根：词根：skelet(o)-例词：例词：skeletal骨骼的骨骼的5、颅骨、颅骨skull：词根

44、：词根：crani(o)-例词：例词：craniofacial颅面的；颅面的；craniometer颅骨量器颅骨量器The skeletal and muscular system4、盘、盘disk：词根：词根：disc(o)-例词：例词：discitis关节盘炎关节盘炎The skeletal and muscular system5、肋骨、肋骨rib：词根：词根：costa;cost(o)-例词：例词：intercostals肋间的；肋间的；The skeletal and muscular system6、关节、关节joint：词根：词根：arthr(o)-例词：例词：arthritis

45、关节炎；关节炎；arthrodesis关节固定术关节固定术The skeletal and muscular systemPracticePracticeBone marrowMuscleStem cellBone regenerationfemurv骨髓骨髓v肌肉肌肉v干细胞干细胞v骨再生骨再生v股骨股骨AbbreviationsIMEMGRAROMSLEAbbreviationsIM:intramuscularEMG:electromyogramRA:rheumatoid arthritisROM:range of motionThe reproductive systemThis sys

46、tem includes the external sex organs and all related inner structures which are concerned with the production of new individuals.The reproductive system1、生殖、生殖reproduction：词根：词根：genit(o)-例词：例词：genital生殖的；生殖的；urogenital泌尿生殖的泌尿生殖的2、子宫、子宫womb:词根：词根：uter(o)-,uter(in)(o)-,hyster(o)-,metr(o)-例词：例词：uterine

47、子宫的；子宫的；perimetrium子宫外膜子宫外膜The reproductive system3、阴道、阴道vagina：词根：词根：vagin(o)-,例词：例词：vaginitis阴道炎；阴道炎；The reproductive system4、骨盆、骨盆pelvis:词根：词根：pelvi-例词：例词：pelvic骨盆的；骨盆的；The reproductive system5、卵、卵egg:词根：词根：ovi(o)-,ovul(o),ov(o)-,oo-例词：例词：ovulation排卵；排卵；oocyte卵细胞卵细胞6、月经、月经menstruation:词根：词根：men(o

48、)-例词：例词：menopause绝经；绝经；The reproductive system7、妊娠、妊娠cyesis:词根：词根：pregn(o)-例词：例词：pregnancy妊娠；妊娠；impregnation受精受精8、胎儿、胎儿fetus：词根：词根：fet(o)-例词：例词：fetal胎儿的；胎儿的；fetoscope胎儿镜胎儿镜The reproductive system9、产次、产次parity:词根：词根：-para例词：例词：primipara初产妇初产妇10、雄、男、雄、男male:词根：词根：andro(o)-例词：例词：androgen雄激素；雄激素；The reproductive system11、分娩、分娩delivery：词根：词根：parturi(o)-,toc(o)-例词：例词：parturition分娩；分娩；tocology产科学产科学AbbreviationsDUBEDCFHTIUDOBGYNAbbreviationsDUB:dysfunctional uterine bleedingEDC:estimated date of confinementFHT:fetal heart tonesIUD:intrauterine deviceOB:obstetricsGYN:gynecologyThe End.