Unit 1 Section A Reading and Thinking (ppt课件) -2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第二册.ppt

1、Unit 1Unit 1Reading and ThinkingReading and ThinkingJohn Snow Defeats“King Cholera”约翰斯诺（1813-1858),英国医生，19世纪50年代因其对霍乱病源的研究和贡献享誉世界医学界，被公认为流行病学奠基人之一。斯诺1836年起接受正规医科教育，1844年毕业于伦敦大学。1854年伦敦霍乱流行，斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况，发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的关系。在他的呼吁下，政府及时关闭了不洁水源，有效制止了霍乱的流行。虽然斯诺没有发现导致霍乱的病原体，但他创造性地使用空间统计学查找到传染源，并以此证明了这种方法

2、的价值。今天，绘制地图已成为医学地理学及传染病学中一种基本的研究方法。“斯诺的霍乱地图”成了一个经典案例。Vocabulary1.severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 severe injuries 严重的伤势 suffer from severe depression 患有严重的抑郁症 cause severe damage 造成严重的破坏 severely adv.很严重地；极为恶劣地 练习：In a _ winter,wild animals can die from lack of food.在严冬，野生动物可能会因食物不足而死。severe2.contradictor

3、y adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 contradictory information 矛盾信息 contradict v.反驳；与相矛盾 contradiction n.抵触；矛盾；矛盾的说法 in direct contradiction to 与恰恰相反 练习：People found this sort of _(contradict)reality hard to accept.contradictory3.infection n.感染；传染 have an infection 受到感染 spread an infection 传播传染病 suffer from an infe

4、ction 患上感染/传染病 infect vt.使感染；传染 infectious adj.传染性的 be infected with 感染上练习：The female hormones also protect the body in another way.They help the body defend itself against some kinds of _(infect).女性荷尔蒙还以另一种方式保护身体。他们帮助身体抵御一些感染。infections4.subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）subscribe to a magazine 订阅杂志

5、subscribe to a view 赞同一个观点subscribe to 同意；赞同subscriber n.感染；传染subscription n.订阅（费）a subscriber to 的订阅者练习：He _ the view that children benefit from being independent.他赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。subscribes to5.proof n.证据；证明；检验proof of 的证据/证明have some proof that 有一些证据There is proof that 有证据证明练习：They say they have

6、 scientific proof _ the treatment works.that6.multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的a multiple crash 连环撞车multiply vi.&vt.乘；增加；繁殖multiply A by B A乘以B multiplication n.乘法练习：We must _ our efforts to explore the future and seek truths.我们必须加倍努力，探索未来，寻求真理。multiply7.suspect vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象suspect sb.of(doin

7、g)sth.怀疑某人（做）某事suspicion n.怀疑suspicious adj.感觉可疑的练习：We are appealing to anyone who saw the _ to contact us.我们恳请任何人看到犯罪嫌疑人后与我们联系。suspect8.blame n.把手；拉手；柄blame sb.for(doing)sth.因（做）某事而责备某人blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame 应承担责任be to blame for 应承担的责任；因该受责备accept/bear/take the blame for 对某事负责；承担责任练习：I

8、nstead of _(blame)each other,we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place.我们应该多交流、换位思考而不是相互责怪。blaming10.link n.联系；纽带 vt.把连接起来；相关联link A to/with B=link A and B(together)把A和B连接/联系起来be linked with/to 与有联系/有关link up(with)（与）结合，连接 练习：Linking arms _ one of the instructors,I helped carry th

9、e young man out of the water.我和其中一个教练员双臂连接，帮着把那个年轻人从水里拉上来。with11.raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的raw coal/oil 原煤/油raw beginner/hand 新手be raw to 对不熟练catch sb.on the raw 说人痛处，揭人短处练习：Its obvious that the graduate _ his work.很显然这个毕业生对工作还不熟练。is raw to12.transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变transform(from sth.)into sth

10、.把（从）变为transform with 用来改变transformation n.（彻底地）改变，改观练习：The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _(transform).许多国家的卫生安全系统正经历着重大变革。transformationUnderstanding the questioning mindDiscuss the following stages of scientific research in groups.What order would you put th

11、em in?_draw a conclusion _analyse the results _ask a question_find supporting evidence _collect data _find a problem _think of a methodCholera used to be one of the most feared diseases 过去是（现在不是）one of+adj.最高级+名词复数意为“最之一”in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed until引导时间状语从句how it could

12、be overcome.宾语从句，从句使用被动语态。课文分析课文分析As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated 作方式状语，主句为主系表结构because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.引导原因状语从句 从句谓语knew后接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，其作用相当于一个宾语从句。In time,he rose to become a famous doctor,and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.attend to s

13、b.照顾某人 分娩However,he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.最终地；彻底地In general,doctors in those days had two In general=generally speakingcontradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.不定式短语作定语，与被修饰词theories构成同位关系。One theory was that bad air caused the disease.that引导表语从句Anothe

14、r was that cholera was caused that引导表语从句by an infection from germs in food or water.介词短语by作状语He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than discover后跟that引导的宾语从句，从句中含有sothat引导的结果状语从句。500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.be dete

15、rmined to do sth.决心做某事Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.介词短语by doing sth.作方式状语，where 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the exact places，who引导定语从句，修饰those。They had been given free beer,and so had not 过去完成时的被动语态drunk the water from the pump.语法：过去完成时的主动和被动语态过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某

16、一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，也可能是早已完成或结束，即“过去的过去”；也可以指过去的动作延续到过去的某个时刻。构成：（主动）had+动词的过去分词（被动）had been+及物动词的过去分词练习：I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _(carry)out in the past two years.had been carriedSnow suspected that the water pump was to blame.that引导的宾语从句中，不定式作表语，主动形式表被动含义语法：不

17、定式的主动形式表示被动的含义（1）n.+be+adj.+to do这个结构中常用表特征或性质的形容词，如difficult,hard,easy,comfortable,pleasant,interesting,exciting等。句子的主语与不定式是被动关系，形容词表示主语的特征或性质，用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。The question was very difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。（2）n.+be+too+adj.+to do The thing is too small to see.这个东西太小，看不见。（3）n.+be+adj.+enough to d

18、oThe box is light enough to carry.这个盒子轻得可带走。练习：Todays homework was easy _(do),so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.今天的家庭作业很容易做，所以迈克很快就做完了，然后出去玩了。to doIt seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump 看起来似乎so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.“so+adv.+that”从句 have

19、 sth.done 结构意为“如此以至于”As a result of this evidence,John Snow was able to 因为，由于 会，能够，有能力做某事announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.that引导宾语从句The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.that 引导表语从句，从句谓语用了过去完成时的被动语态Moreover,Snow was later able to show a

20、link 把A和B连接/联系起来 link A to/with B link A and B(together)between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.介词短语between作定语修饰linkThe people who drank this water were much more 引导定语从句，who在从句中修饰the peoplelikely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.引导定语从句，who在从

21、句中修饰thoseboiled water 中的boiled为过去分词做前置定语Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,“疑问词how+不定式”作宾语thanks to the work of John Snow.幸亏，由于Paragraph(s)Paragraph(s)Main ideaMain idea1What?Who?2-3How?4The truth5Results and significance略读文章，用关键词概括各段大意浏览2-3段，找出对应活动1中七个步骤的语句。OrderOrderStage Stage Key wor

22、ds or sentencesKey words or sentences1 1find a problemtwo contradictory theories2 2ask a questionin two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe.find out why3 3think of a methodmarking on a map4 4collect datahouse numbers 16,37,38,and 40;20 and 21 Broad Street;8 and 9 Cambridge Street5

23、5analyse the resultsmultiple deaths near the water pump;some households had had no deaths6 6find supporting evidencea woman and her daughter had died;the woman liked the water.she had it delivered to her house7 7draw a conclusionAs a result of this evidence,John Snow was able to announce that the pu

24、mp water carried cholera germs.It was believed that cholera was caused by bad _ or germs in _.ASnow _ the places where the people who _ had lived.BMany deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.Some people _ drunk the water from the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of Lo

25、ndon after _.CThe pump water carried _.The _ of the pump was removed.DEA:air,food or water B:marked,died C:water pump;had not;moving away from Broad Street D:cholera germsE:handleMatch the following headers with the letters from the chart above.Write A-E in the blanks.1 conclusion _D_2 evidence _C_3

26、 process _B_4 solution _E_5 theories _A_1.What kind of map is it?(Its Snows cholera map.)2.What does mean?(1 death)3.What does PH mean?(public house)4.What does 30,31,.refer to?(numbers of houses)5.How many deaths were there in house number 19 in Broad Street?(2)6.Which house numbers had more than f

27、our deaths in Broad Street?(16,37,38,and 40)7.Which house numbers had no deaths in Broad Street?(14,20,21,25,27,28,and 34)8.Where is the pump?(near house number 40 in Broad Street)读懂插图读懂插图1.What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?(The water which came from the River Thames and had been

28、 infected by waste.)2.Was cholera destroyed completely?(No.)3.How can we prevent cholera?(By drinking pure or boiled water,and eating clean food.)4.What contributions did John Snow make to science?(He helped people know how to prevent cholera.He transformed the way scientists study diseases by using

29、 maps and statistics.)完成完成 Activity 5Activity 51.Q:What did Snow think cholera was cause by?A:Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water.2.Q:Why did Snow have the handle of the pump removed?A:Snow had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.3.Q:How was the cho

30、lera threat defeated?A:The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow.Discussion Discussion 1.What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera?What common medical tools,e.g.,a microscope,didnt he use?Why?Maps and statistics.He didnt use the common medical tools,e.g.,a mi

31、croscope.Because he didnt do the research in the lab but in the communities.2.How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?His work can protect people from being killed by the severe disease.Further more,it told us we should protect our environment from being polluted.1._(多亏)the Beatles,a lot of

32、 opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.2.If everyone can shoulder their own responsibilities,we will _(见证的减少)energy consumption.3.The problem can be solved _(一劳永逸地）if you do that.4.Whenever I think of excellent universities,I will never _(失去奋斗的欲望).Thanks tosee a decrease inonce and

33、 for alllose my desire to struggle5.But it was only by opening up to all that the Internet _(产生了)online shopping,instant global communications and search.6.He took a short leave of absence _(照顾他生病的妈妈).7.So when_(再次爆发袭击伦敦)in 1854,John Snow was ready to test these two theories.8.The police _(得出结论)that it was careless driving that contributed to the accident.gave birth toattend to his sick motheranother outbreak hit Londondrew the conclusionThank you!Thank you!