时态和语态(公开课)课件.ppt

1、时态与语态时态与语态 对动词的时态和语态的考查在湖南高考中对动词的时态和语态的考查在湖南高考中主要出现在单项填空部分。主要出现在单项填空部分。1.1.主要考查的知识点：主要考查的知识点：(1)(1)动词的过去时、完成时的用法及区别动词的过去时、完成时的用法及区别(2)(2)时态在被动语态中的体现时态在被动语态中的体现(3)(3)根据语境选用正确的时态根据语境选用正确的时态复习重点：复习重点：(1)(1)掌握动词的各种时态的用法，尤其是过去掌握动词的各种时态的用法，尤其是过去时和完成时。时和完成时。(2)(2)掌握各种时态的用法区别。掌握各种时态的用法区别。(3)(3)掌握被动语态的时态以及不能

2、用被动语态掌握被动语态的时态以及不能用被动语态的情况。的情况。3.3.如何应对动词时态和语态的考查如何应对动词时态和语态的考查动词时态和语态的考查往往结合在一起。解题动词时态和语态的考查往往结合在一起。解题时，应当要结合时间状语或上下文提示，分析时，应当要结合时间状语或上下文提示，分析题干句子的语境，确定正确的时态。涉及语态题干句子的语境，确定正确的时态。涉及语态的问题应考虑是不是主动表被动的情况。的问题应考虑是不是主动表被动的情况。语态语态 时态时态(以以do为例为例)主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成

3、时过去完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时将来完成时将来完成时do/doesam/is/are+donedidwas/were+donewill+dowill be+donewould+dowould be+donehad+donehad been+donehave/has+donehave/has been+doneam/is/are+doingam/is/are+being+donewas/were+doingwas/were+being+donehave/has+been+doingwill+have+donewill have been done最

4、常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在every,sometimes,at,on Sunday 现在进行现在进行now现在完成现在完成for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past few years,always,recently 一般过去一般过去yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now 过去进行过去进行this morning,the whole morning,all day

5、,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening when,while 过去完成过去完成before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as 一般将来一般将来next,tomorrow,in 过去将来过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作动作（1）一般现在时）一般现在时1.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句（不受时态限制）句（不受时态限制）Knowledge _(begin)with practice.She said tha

6、t the sea water is salty.In some parts of the world,such as in England,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.serves C.is served D.servedbegins2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性反复出现的动作，多用动作动词，且示经常或习惯性反复出现的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用常与表频率的时间状语连用,如如always,often,now and then等。等。Ice f

7、eels cold.We always care for each other and help each other.3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong、seem等。如：等。如：I know what you mean.Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Mi

8、ddle School.4)少数用于表示起止的动词如少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、open、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。往往是由自然规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。往往是由自然,日历日历或时刻表规定而不变且周而复始循环进行的情况或时刻表规定而不变且周而复始循环进行的情况,句中句中常带有时间状语常带有时间状语.The shop opens at 8 a.m.and closes at 10 p.m.every d

9、ay.Tomorrow is Tuesday.The train leaves at three this afternoon.The plane takes off at 15:00.School begins on Friday.5)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中常用一般在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时现在时代替将来时,如如when,before,until,If,as soon as等。等。If you accept my invitation and come to our party,my family will be pleased.-Put thes

10、e glasses away before they _.-OK.Ill put them in the cupboard.A.have broken B.are breaking C.get broken D.will be brokenB.6)倒装句（由倒装句（由here，there开头的句子，动词用开头的句子，动词用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作）一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作）Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.C.There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.一般过去时一般过去时:1)基本用法：表示过去的

11、事情、动作或状态基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯。1.-Look!Someone has spilt（溢出）（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）（地毯）-Well,it _ me.A.isnt B.wasnt C.hasnt been D.hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.-Oh,how good a dad!But she doesnt

12、like sweet things._ that?A.Dont you know B.Havent you known C.Didnt you know D.Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?-Yes,but she _soon afterwards.A.had left B.left C.would leave D.will leaveHe told me he _an interesting novel last night.如果从句中有一个如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语过去的时间状语，尽管从句中

13、的动作，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词用过去式。先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词用过去式。一般过去时一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。的考点分析（考核重点）。表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示或有上下文语境暗示）；用于）；用于表达过去的习惯；表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事 I met her in the street yesterday.He used to smoke a lot.I thought the fi

14、lm would be interesting,but it wasnt.readyesterday,last night,two days ago,in 2008,before liberation,at that time3)追忆逝去的人或事追忆逝去的人或事,常用过去时常用过去时.Lei Feng set a good example to the people throughout the world.Charlie Chaplin was a great actor and acted in many films.4)一般过去时有时也可表示现在的行为一般过去时有时也可表示现在的行为,但

15、口气要但口气要比用一般现在时更加委婉比用一般现在时更加委婉,客气客气.这样的词有这样的词有think,wonder,hope等等.I wondered if you could do me a favour.5)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：用一般过去时。如：but,and,when,as soon as,immediately,the moment,the minute。The moment she came in,she told me what had happened to her.He bought a wa

16、tch but lost it.6)常用一般过去时的句型：常用一般过去时的句型：Why didnt you/I think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with mybrother before.I didnt recognize him.-Come on ,Peter.I want to show you something.-Oh,how nice of you!I never _ you were going to bring me a gift.(think)Your phone num

17、ber again?I _ quite catch it.Excuse me.I_ I was blocking your way.A.didnt realize B.dont realizeB.C.havent realize D.wasnt realizeA 3.一般将来时一般将来时1)表示未来的动作或状态常用表示未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+do（常与（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。等）。He will return to Changsha tomorrow.2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。W

18、ell die without air or water.3)表示将来时的四种形式表示将来时的四种形式 will/shall+动词原形动词原形 be going to do be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么)be to do be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，有很强的计划性，打算干什么，will will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性 be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而而will则能，表意愿。如：则能，表意愿。如：If it is f

19、ine,well go fishing.(正确正确)If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.(错误错误)-The telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it.A.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about to -Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.would C.was going to D.did be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而可用来表达某种

20、迹象要发生的事。而will 不能表不能表示示 Look at the clouds!Its going to rain.3.be to 和和 be going to be to do 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作发生的动作还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等等。The meeting is to take place early tomorrow.be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时时=be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排

21、或受人指示而做某事.be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.4be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与常与when 连用，连用，when 是并列连词，意思：是并列连词，意思：就在这时，就在这时，构成句型：构成句型：be about to do when.I was about

22、to leave when it rained.翻译：翻译：昨天下午我们正要去打篮球，这时天空突然下起雨来。昨天下午我们正要去打篮球，这时天空突然下起雨来。We were about to play basketball when it rained yesterday afternoon.特别注意特别注意（1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。飞机等时刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves at 10 a.m.tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow,但没有但没有will,be going to)（2）某些瞬间动

23、词某些瞬间动词“go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,take”等用现等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。在进行时表示将要发生的动作。Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I _my mum.A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have taken表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,这种将来意义这种将来意义往往只安排好要做的事情，很少变更。往往只安排好要做的事情，很少变更。仅限于少量动词仅限于少量动词：return,stay,do,have,see

24、sb off,take_you _ here till next week?(stay)We _school in ones years time.(leave)I _my experiment tomorrow.(do)am doing Arestayingare leaving现在进行时现在进行时:1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作表示现阶段一直在进行的动作,但说话时不一定但说话时不一定正在进正在进表近期特定的安排或计划；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时作可用进行时代

25、替将来时I dont really work here.Im helping until the new secretary comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.A.will have changed B.has changed C.is changing D.will change-Ann works very hard.-In fact.I think she _ now.studied B.is studying C.studies D

26、.will study-Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet.The rooms _.A.are being painted B.are painted C.Are painted D.have been paintedMy money _.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before Ive none in hand.A.has run out B.is running out C.has been run out D.is being run out I can

27、guess you were in a hurry.You _ your sweater inside out.A.had worn B.wore C.are wearing D.were wearing1.You _things about.Look,what a mess in you room!A.always throw B.have always thrown C.are always throwing D.have always been thrown2.You _ television.Why not dosomething more active?A.always watch

28、B.are always watching C.have always watched D.have always been watching现在进行时与现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,never 等连等连用，表示不满厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。用，表示不满厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。过去进行时过去进行时1表示表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作过去某一时间正进行的动作。通常有时间状语。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。（从句），或由上下文表示。在简单句中有在简单句中有at that time,then,this time yesterday/last week,a

29、t 10 oclock last night 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。态。I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.A.has worked B.was working B.C.had been working D.had worked特别注意：特别注意：与与always连用，表示感情色彩。连用，表示感情色彩。My brother was always losing his key.1.-Hey,look where you are going?-Oh,Im terr

30、ibly sorry._.A.Im not noticing B.I dont noticing C.I havent noticing D.I wasnt noticing 2.-Hey,what did I say?-I _.A.Im not listening B.I was not listening C.I dont listened D.I didnt listeneg.This time yesterday,they were having lunch2 表示表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。也

31、可以不一定完成。-Why didnt you join us last night?-I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States.A.watched B.was watching C.had watched D.have been watching-Why werent you at the meeting?-I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia.A.waited B.was waiting C.had waited D.have been

32、Good heavens!There you are!We _ anxious about you.We _ you back much earlier all through the night.A.are,expect B.were,had expected C.will be,are expecting D.have been,were expecting-You look tired.-Yes.I _ until twelve oclock.A.am working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked1.Look!How wonderful

33、my car is!Oh,Jack.What are you thinking about?Dont you like it?Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time.I certainly think its smart.A.wasnt making B.dont make C.wont make D.didnt make2.To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.A.is

34、 changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change3.He _ quite well,but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.A.will swim B.have swum C.swam D.swims4.Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up,but he _by now.A.hasnt turned up B.doesnt turn up C.wont turn up D.hadnt turned up5.Im terrib

35、ly sorry for being late,but I _ the wrong bus.A.catch B.had caught C.caught D.catching7.The truth,sir,is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A.was to walk B.had been walking C.walked D.was walking8.I really dont think Rose will be upset,but I will go and see her in case she _.A.is

36、 B.does C.will be D.has been9.The computers made by our company sell best,but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.A.were playing B.were to play C.had played D.played10.Kate is in hospital.Oh,really?I _._ visit her.A.didnt know;Ill go and B.dont know;Ill g

37、o andC.dont know;Im going to D.didnt know;Im going to11.Where _ the guidebook?I cant see it anywhere.I _ it right here,but now its gone.A.did you put;have put B.had you put;have putC.have you put;put D.were you putting;put14.Do you live in this city?No,we _ it for holidays.A.just visit B.just visite

38、d C.are just visiting D.have visited15.How is the old man now?Sorry,he _ though they did all they could to save him.A.was dead B.had died C.has been dead D.died16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.A.will be taken B.are taken C.were taken D.had been taken 17.Im afraid it will b

39、e two months _.A.when I come back B.when Ill come back C.before I come back D.before Ill come back18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office.A.had worked,had left B.were working;had left C.working;had left D.had worked;left19.The notice _“No smoking”.A.is tol

40、d B.reads C.tells D.is read（4）现在完成时）现在完成时现在完成时除可以和现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks)、in recent years等。等。下列句型中常用现在完成时下列句型中常用现在完成时It is(has been)+一段时间一段时间+since从句从句This(That/It)is the first(second)time that+完成时完成时This(Th

41、at/It)is the only +that+完成时完成时This(that/It)is the best/finest/most interesting +that 从句从句+完成时完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment,you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until

42、 it has stopped.（5）过去完成时）过去完成时 常用过去完成时的几种情况：常用过去完成时的几种情况：1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态从过去某一时间或动过去完成时表示一个动作或状态从过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即作之前已经完成或结束，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。常与。常与by、by the end of last year、by the time句子、句子、by then,before 2000,until、before、since when 连用。连用。1.By the end of last year,we _ 20,000 cars.2.The train_ whe

43、n we reached the station.3.She _ some English before she came to the institute.had producedhad lefthad learned2)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expectedhoped/planned +to have done。I had hoped to see her again.I _ her again.我本希望再见她一面我本希望再见她一

44、面.(但没能如愿但没能如愿)hoped to have seen3）“时间名词时间名词+before”在句子中作状语，谓语在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；动词用过去完成时；“时间名词时间名词+ago”在句中在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.4）表示）表示“一一就就”的几个句型：的几个句型：Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+主语主语+过去分词

45、过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时一般过去时。如：如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.=No sooner _we _ than the bus started.5)It was/had been+时间段时间段+since had done It was ten years since I _(have)such a wonderful time.6)That/it was the first/second time(that)had done That was the first time that I

46、_ the exam.hadbeen seatedhad hadhad passed在在before或或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。过去时态代替过去完成时。After he(had)left the room,the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.had1.The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital.A.died B.would die C.had died D.has died 2.Old McDona

47、ld gave up smoking for a while,but soon _ to his old ways.A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned 3.I _ my son _ a doctor,but he wasnt good enough at science.A.hoped;would become B.had hoped;would become C.had hoped;will become D.hope;will become 4.I _ to take a good holiday this year,bu

48、t I wasnt able to get away.A.hope B.have hoped C.had hoped D.hoped 5.Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come （6）过去将来时）过去将来时参照一般将来时对比：参照一般将来时对比：would do、was/were going to do sth.表过去将来；表过去将来；come、g

49、o、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；等过去进行时表过去将来时；was/were to do sth.和和was/were about to do sth.表表过去将来。过去将来。7）过去进行时）过去进行时过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。生或频繁发生。某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由在由when或或while引导的时间状语从句中。引导的时间状语从句中。9.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时构成：构成：have/has been doing表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，表示过去某一

50、动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。也可能将持续下去。-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes,that why I _ to work by train.A.have been going B.have gone C.was going D.will have gone 现在完成进行时常和all this morning,these few days,all night,this month,recently 等状语以及since和for 所引导的状语短语或从句连用。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的主要区别 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时着重表