2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第三册Unit 4词汇学习(ppt课件).pptx

1、Astronomy words studyAstronomy:Astronomy:the science of the starsthe science of the starsWatch a videoWatch a videoastronomy /strnmi/n.天文学天文学 astronomer /strnm/n.天文学家天文学家 solar /sul/adj.太太阳的；日光的阳的；日光的system /sistm/n.系统系统；体系；体系；制度制度solar system 太阳系太阳系religion /rilidn/n.宗教；宗教信仰宗教；宗教信仰theory /iri/n.学说；

2、理论学说；理论 Big Bang 宇宙大爆炸；宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸创世大爆炸atom /tm/n.原子原子billion/biljn/pron.&n.&adj.万亿；万亿；十亿十亿systematic adj.系统的religious adj.宗教的;虔诚的theoretical adj.理论上globe /lub/n.球体；地球仪；地球球体；地球仪；地球 global /lubl/adj.全球性的；全世界的全球性的；全世界的violent /vailnt/adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的in time 及及时；终于时；终于carbon /k:bn/n.碳碳 nitrog

3、en /naitrdn/n.氮氮 vapour /veip/n.（=vapor）蒸气；水蒸气）蒸气；水蒸气atmosphere /tmsfi/n.大气层；气氛大气层；气氛unlike /nlaik/prep.不同；不像不同；不像fundamental /fndmentl/adj.基本的；基础的基本的；基础的violence n.暴力；侵犯violently adv.猛烈地on time 按时；准时反：like 像（介词）presence /prezns/n.出席；到场；存在出席；到场；存在 dissolve /dizlv/vt.&vi.溶解；解散溶解；解散harmful /h:mful/adj

4、.有害的有害的acid /sid/n.酸酸chain /tein/n.链子；连锁；锁链链子；连锁；锁链 reaction /rikn/n.反应；回应反应；回应multiply /mltiplai/vi.&vt.乘；增加乘；增加oxygen /ksidn/n.氧氧 shellfish /elfi/n.水生有壳动物水生有壳动物 amphibian /mfibin/n.两栖动物两栖动物 harmless adj.无害的 harm v./n.伤害；损害反：present adj.react vi (加加to)multiply by 乘以 reptile /reptail/n.爬行动物；爬虫爬行动物；爬

5、虫lay eggs 下蛋下蛋 dinosaur /dains:/n.恐龙恐龙exist /izist/vi.存在；生存存在；生存 mammal /mml/n.哺乳动物哺乳动物give birth to 产生；分娩产生；分娩thus /s/adv.因此；于是因此；于是in ones turn 轮到某人；接着轮到某人；接着dioxide /daiksaid/n.二氧化物二氧化物carbon dioxide 二氧化碳二氧化碳lay-laid-laid-laying 产卵；放置 existence n.=therefore adv.因此prevent.from 阻止；制止阻止；制止puzzle /pz

6、l/n.谜；难题谜；难题vt.&vi.（使）迷惑；（使）迷惑；（使）为难（使）为难biology /baildi/n.生物生物学学biologist /baildist/n.生物学家生物学家gravity /rvti/n.万有引力；重力万有引力；重力satellite /stlait/n.卫星；人造卫星卫星；人造卫星gentle /dentl/adj.温和的；文雅的温和的；文雅的 geologist /dildist/n.地质学家地质学家physicist /fizisist/n.物理学家物理学家block out 挡住（光线）挡住（光线）protectfrom 保护不受伤害puzzled 感

7、到困惑的puzzling 令人困惑的adj.gently adv.温和地geology n.地质学physics n.物理学physical adj.身体的；物理的 extinct /ikstikt/adj.灭绝的；绝种的灭绝的；绝种的climate /klaimit/n.气候气候 comet /kmit/n.彗彗星星crash /kr/vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落碰撞；坠落Isaac Newton /aizk nju:tn/艾萨克艾萨克牛顿牛顿 (英国科学家英国科学家)Albert Einstein /lbt ainstain/阿尔伯特阿尔伯特爱因斯坦爱因斯坦(德裔美国科学德裔美国科学家家)St

8、ephen Hawking /sti:vn h:ki/斯蒂芬斯蒂芬霍金霍金(英国科学家英国科学家)spaceship /speisip/n.宇宙飞船宇宙飞船pull /pul/n.&vt.拉拉（力）；拖；牵引力（力）；拖；牵引力extinction n.灭绝push v.推 lessen /lesn/vi.&vt.减少；减轻减少；减轻cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋感到高兴；感到振奋float /flut/vi.&vt.（使）（使）浮动；（使）漂浮浮动；（使）漂浮n.漂浮物漂浮物 weightlessly /weitlisli/adv.失重地失重地 cabin /kbin/n.小小屋；船舱

9、屋；船舱mass /ms/n.质量；团；块；大量；质量；团；块；大量；群众群众now that 既然既然 get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解熟悉；掌握；理解break out 突发；爆发突发；爆发 exhaust /iz:st/vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽watch out 密切注视；当心；提防密切注视；当心；提防n.课程cheer v.欢呼；使高兴；为加油cheerful adj.快乐的，愉快的weight n.重量；重力break broke-broken 打破；弄破；休息；中断watch over 看守；监视；看管a mass of/masses of

10、 大量的in time 及时；终于、迟早及时；终于、迟早 If you keep on working hard,youll succeed in time.及时及时迟早迟早消防队员消防队员及时及时赶到了失火的房子。赶到了失火的房子。如果你坚持努力工作，你如果你坚持努力工作，你迟早迟早会成功的。会成功的。Firemen reached the house on fire in time.at one time曾经；一度in no time 立即；立刻at a time 每次；一次at the same time 同时at times 有时；不时all the time 一直；始终at any

11、time 在任何时候at no time 绝不/决不(用在句首时，句子要用部分倒装)形近词组：on time 按时；准时 is likely to comeunlike prep.与与不同；不像不同；不像eg.Unlike her younger brother,she is very diligent.和她弟弟不同的是，她很刻苦。(1)unlikely adj.不大可能的；未必会发生的；Its unlikely that 的可能性不大(2)likely adj.可能的 adv.很可能 Its likely that 可能 (3)sb./sth.be likely to do sth.有可能做

12、某事有可能做某事 eg.这位影星可能来The movie star _ _ _ _.过量饮酒有害健康。过量饮酒有害健康。To much wine_ _ _ your health.is harmful todoes harm to harmful adj.有害的有害的;造成伤害的造成伤害的eg.As we all know,smoking is harmful to our health.我们都知道，吸烟有害健康 【联想拓展联想拓展】（1）be harmful to 对对有害有害 (2)无害的；不致伤的；无害的；不致伤的；harmless be harmless to 对.无害的（3）harm

13、 n.&v.损害，伤害损害，伤害 do harm to sb.=do sb.harm=harm sb.对某人有害；对某人有害；【即学即练即学即练】（1）exist on 靠靠生活、生存生活、生存 exist in 存在于存在于中中 there exists/esisted 某地有某地有 come into existenceexist vi.存在；生存存在；生存(无被动无被动,无进行无进行)eg.Man cannot exist without air.Do you know when the English wordtuhao_ _ _（2）existence n.存在；生活存在；生活;in

14、 existence现存的，现有的现存的，现有的 come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在产生；成立；开始存在It was impossible for them to _such a small income.他们靠这么点收入生存是不可能的。exist onThere exists a temple on the hill.山上有座庙。It is said that the plant is the oldest _.据说这种植物是现存最古老的。in existence 1.让我们轮流来做这项实验。让我们轮流来做这项实验。Lets do this experiment _

15、 _.2.你的态度影响别人，它又将会反过来影响你。你的态度影响别人，它又将会反过来影响你。Your attitude affects others which _ _ affects you.3.今天该我洗盘子洗碗了。今天该我洗盘子洗碗了。Its my turn _ _ _ today.in turnin turnto wash upin ones turn 轮到某人轮到某人 eg.In my turn,I told them a joke.常用结构：常用结构：(1)in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来；依次；轮流；转而；反过来；(2)take turns(to do sth./doing

16、sth.)轮流（做某事）轮流（做某事）(3)Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事轮到某人做某事练习：练习：prevent.from 阻止；制止阻止；制止NoImageThe heavy rain _attending Professor Lis lecture 大雨使我们没能参加李教授的演讲。prevented/stopped/kept us fromHe wears sunglasses _the strong sunlight.他戴墨镜保护眼睛，使其免受强烈阳光的伤害。to protect his eyes from/against不可省She felt _ ab

17、out her future.A.puzzle B.puzzling C.puzzled D.puzzlespuzzle sb.使某人困惑使某人困惑puzzle about/over.对对感到迷惑；苦苦思索感到迷惑；苦苦思索puzzling overpuzzle vt.&vi.(使使)迷惑；迷惑；(使使)为难为难 n.谜；难题谜；难题 拓展：拓展：be a puzzle to sb对某人来说是个谜对某人来说是个谜（1）puzzle作作动词动词（2）puzzle作作名词名词（3）puzzle变变形容词形容词Her reply puzzled me.她的回答把我弄糊涂了Shes been _ _

18、his strange letter for weeks.她几个星期也琢磨不透他那封奇怪的来信。eg.Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.他们为什么要做此事我仍莫名其妙他们为什么要做此事我仍莫名其妙puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的迷惑不解的；困惑的 puzzling adj.令人费解的令人费解的be puzzled about 对对迷惑不解迷惑不解 pull 拉，拖拉，拖 push 推推相关短语：相关短语：pull on 匆忙穿上（衣服）匆忙穿上（衣服）pull off 脱掉脱掉 pull down 拆毁（建筑物）拆毁（

19、建筑物）pull away 开始驶离，开走开始驶离，开走 pull in 火车进站，驶向路边停靠火车进站，驶向路边停靠 pull through 度过危机，恢复健康度过危机，恢复健康 pull vt.拉，拖拉，拖 n.拉力，牵引力拉力，牵引力 eg1:If Andrew sees these great reviews,hell_.eg2:The gril_the runners_.cheer upcheeredcheer v.为为.欢呼，喝彩，鼓舞欢呼，喝彩，鼓舞 cheer up 感到高兴，感到振奋感到高兴，感到振奋 cheer sb.on 为某人加油，喝彩为某人加油，喝彩 cheer t

20、he victory 为胜利欢呼为胜利欢呼 Cheers！干杯干杯on常用结构：常用结构：break down 出故障；（计划、谈判等）失败；（身出故障；（计划、谈判等）失败；（身体、精神等）垮掉体、精神等）垮掉break in 闯入；插话闯入；插话break into 强行进入；突然强行进入；突然起来起来break off 折断；突然中止；断绝；结束折断；突然中止；断绝；结束break through 突破，强行穿过突破，强行穿过break up 解散；打碎；（学校）期终放假解散；打碎；（学校）期终放假break out 突发；爆发突发；爆发温馨提示：温馨提示：break out指战争、火灾

21、等的爆发或疾指战争、火灾等的爆发或疾病的突发，无被动语态。病的突发，无被动语态。即学即练：即学即练：eg1：A fire_in his house last night.eg2:The girl_to say the guests had arrived.eg3:Their car_ yesterday.(昨天他们的车出故障了昨天他们的车出故障了)broke outbroke inbroke down即学即练即学即练(1)_ _！There is a car coming!当心！有车来了！当心！有车来了！(2)_ _ _ cars while crossing the road.过马路时要当心

22、车辆过马路时要当心车辆。Watch out Watch out forwatch out(for)注意；当心注意；当心watch it 当心，小心watch over 照看；看守keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视eg.Now that(since)the kids have left home，weve got a lot of extra space.既然孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就宽敞了。now that“既然，由于既然，由于”连词短语，用来引导连词短语，用来引导让步状语从句让步状语从句或或原因状语从句原因状语从句，相当，相当于于since，now that在口语

23、中在口语中that常可省略。常可省略。即学即练：即学即练：_,we can begin the meeting.既然每个人都到了，我们就可以开始会议。既然每个人都到了，我们就可以开始会议。_,you must behave better.由于你是一个大男孩由于你是一个大男孩,你就必须行为表现得更好你就必须行为表现得更好.Now that everybody is hereNow that you are a big boy1.After dark the plants stop producing _(氧).2.The _(气氛)over dinner was warm and friendl

24、y.And everyone talked happily.3.What p_ me is why his books are so popular.I think they are very boring.4.Its no use trying to pretend that the problem doesnt _(存在).5.Shes got a bad cold and her voice is quite u_ her usual one.一、一、根据句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，根据句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式（每空一词）。写出该单词的正确形式

25、（每空一词）。oxygenatmosphere puzzlesexist unlike 6.A v_ storm struck the area last night.Luckily,no one was hurt.7.Our city has a cheap and reliable public transportation _(体系).8.No decision had been made,and t_ the situation remained unclear.9.These flowers will not grow in cold _(气候).10.Arthur is a ver

26、y _(温和的/文雅的),caring person and enjoys life.一、一、根据句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，根据句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式（每空一词）。写出该单词的正确形式（每空一词）。violentsystemthus/thereforeclimates gentle11.She set the alarm so shed wake up _ _(及时)to get up.12.It is said that this kind of bird _ _(下蛋)in other birds nests.13.The bad weath

27、er _ me from _(使我不能参加)the meeting yesterday.14.She tried to _ _(使振作/兴奋)the disappointed boy who failed to win the game.15.When he _ _(确定/保证)that no one was noticing him,he jumped into the room through the open window.二、二、根据句意以及所给的汉语提示词，写出该根据句意以及所给的汉语提示词，写出该短语短语的正确的正确形式（每空一词）。形式（每空一词）。in timelays eggsprevented attendingcheer upmade sure