2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第三册Unit 3 语法精讲(ppt课件).pptx

1、2省略(Ellipsis)【情境探究】3定义定义 为了使语言简洁或避免重复,省略句子中的一个或几个句子成分,这种语法现象称为省略。按照省略的部分可分为句子成分的省略和词的省略。结合上面的对话完成句子1.While _(iron)clothes,Miss Good accidentally touched the iron.2.Remove clothing using scissors _(如果有必要的话)unless it is stuck to the burn.ironingif necessary41.简单句及并列句中的省略省略成分省略成分情况说明情况说明 主语主语在祈使句中和不容易引

2、起歧义的情况下可省略在祈使句中和不容易引起歧义的情况下可省略谓语或谓语的一部分谓语或谓语的一部分为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略表语表语答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语可省略答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语可省略宾语宾语省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语双宾语动词的直接宾语或间接宾语都可以省略掉一双宾语动词的直接宾语或间接宾语都可以省略掉一个个主语和谓语主语和谓语,或主语或主语和谓语的一部分和谓语的一部分在不引起歧义的情况下为使语言更加简洁、明了可在不引起歧义的情况下为使语言更加简洁、明了可省略省

3、略52.复合句中的省略(1)主句中的省略常见于句首或回答问题时,只用从句。*Why didnt you come to class yesterday?(I didnt come to class yesterday)Because I was ill.(2)宾语从句中的省略在宾语从句中常省略连词that,但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有第一个连词that可以省略。*I know(that)she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.62.复合句中的省略(3)状语从句中的省略当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句

4、主语是it,并且从句谓语中有be动词时,常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。在as,before,till,until,when,while等引导的时间状语从句中。*While(I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.在though,although等引导的让步状语从句中。*Though(they were)tired,they went on working.在if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中。*You shouldnt come to his party unless(you are)invited.在as,as i

5、f,as though等引导的方式状语从句中。*He did as(he was)told.72.复合句中的省略(4)定语从句中的省略一般说来,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词that,which,who,whom可以省略;而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。*The man(whom)you saw yesterday fell ill.*The man,whom you saw yesterday,fell ill.当先行词是way,且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时,引导词可用in which或that,也可以省略。*The way(in which/that)these

6、 comrades treat problems is wrong.83.动词不定式中的省略动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况,一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略;二是动词不定式符号to的省略。(1)省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况一些表示心理活动,情感态度的动词或短语,如expect,want,hope,wish,love,hate,decide,plan,mean,try,would like,be ready,be afraid,be glad等后,省略to后面的动词部分,但保留to。*Will you go with me?Well,Id like to(go with

7、 you).不定式作宾语补足语时,省略to后的动词部分,即用to代替整个不定式。*Youd better finish the job on time if he ordered you to(finish the job on time).93.动词不定式中的省略(2)省略动词不定式符号to的情况动词不定式作感官动词feel,see,notice,watch,find,hear,listen to,observe和使役动词have,make,let等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态,其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。*We often hear

8、 him sing the song at home.He is often heard to sing the song at home.两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and,or,than,but连接时,从第二个不定式起,往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不能省略。*Shed like to take off her coat and have a break.103.动词不定式中的省略*Its more difficult to do than to say.在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。*Why get so excited?为什么变得那么激动?

9、【名师点津】but,except作介词,后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么这些介词后的不定式不带to,反之则要带to。*She could do nothing but cry.*He has no choice but to leave.Why use ellipsis in sentences?What sentence elements are omitted?They are MexicanI love nachos,tooits the food of many different cultures,and they are all in one dish

10、?There is a real mix of cultures here!Cant wait to go there！Clear meaning in the context,avoid repetition,make the structure more compact,make the focus more prominent.Subject,predicate,object.Rewrite these sentences and take out the unnecessary parts.1 You mean you are planning a trip across the At

11、lantic for a holiday?It sounds like a good idea.2 He tried to solve his financial problems,but couldnt solve the problems.3 If it is necessary,Ill finish my report on American poetry as soon as it is possible.4 Are you going to dress like that?Wearing a dress might be better than wearing jeans and b

12、oots.5 Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some are not poisonous.6 I really like that paper folding book and my son like that paper folding book,too.Rewrite the following sentences with ellipsis structure.When he was in America，he made many friends with students from different countries._，he made

13、 many friends with students from different countries.He wont attend the party even if he is invited.He wont attend the party_Mistakes，if there are any，should be corrected.Mistakes，_，should be corrected.When in Americaeven if invitedif anyRewrite the following sentences with ellipsis structure.Shall

14、we have a test tomorrow?I hope we wont have a test tomorrow.Shall we have a test tomorrow?_The book that he borrowed yesterday is well worth reading._ is well worth reading.I hope notThe book he borrowed yesterday15高考链接1.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _ regularly,can improve

15、 our health.(10年全国卷)A.being carried out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 2.Whats the noise?It sounds as if it comes from upstairs._.It must be the window-cleaner working,next door.(10年陕西卷)A.Im not sure B.I hope not C.Id rather not D.I dont think so 3.The school rules state that no child s

16、hall be allowed out of the school during the day,_ accompanied by an adult.(10年全国卷)A.once B.when C.if D.unless C D D 16高考链接4.Everybody is going to climb the mountain.Can I go too,mom?_ Wait till you are old enough,dear.(10年全国卷)A.Will you?B.Why not?C.I hope so.D.Im afraid not.5.How could you be so ru

17、de as to walk in here in the middle of my class?_.(11年四川卷)A.Nothing much B.Nothing serious C.Never again D.Never mind6.Since people are fond of humor,it is as well in conversation as _ else.(11年浙江卷)A.anything B.something C.anywhere D.somewhere D C C 17高考链接7.Would you like tea or coffee?_,thank you.I

18、ve just had some water.(11年辽宁卷)A.Either B.BothC.Any D.Neither8.We could invite John and Barbara to give a child to the Friday night party.Yes,_?Ill give them a call right now.(11年全国卷)A.why not B.what forC.why D.what9.Sit down,Emma.You will only make yourself more tired,_ on you feet.(11年北京卷)A.to kee

19、p B.keepingC.having keptD.to have kept A B D 18高考链接10.George said that he would come to school to see me the next day,but he _.(12年北京卷)A.wouldnt B.didnt C.hasnt D.hadnt 11.Time,_ correctly,is money in the bank.(12年湖南卷)A.to use B.used C.using D.use 12.The result is not very important to us,but if we do win,then so much _.(12年全国卷)A.the best B.best C.better D.the better B D B PPT模板下载：