高考英语二轮专题复习:阅读理解课件(77张).ppt
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- 高考 英语 二轮 专题 复习 阅读 理解 课件 77
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1、Analysis of the Test Paper Reading comprehensionA fish can feed him for a day.Knowing how to fish can feed him for a lifetime.What are they thinking about when feeling hungry?阅读理解阅读理解张恒鸣张恒鸣 张秋婷张秋婷 焦薪颖焦薪颖 赵佳音赵佳音 崔帅航崔帅航 孙明鑫孙明鑫 阅读理解各题错误人数阅读理解常考的4大题型1阅读理解常考的4大题型对文章中的特定细节或具体事实进行判断和认定。一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案,是高
2、考阅读中难度最小的一种。它的得分率相对较高,所占的比重最大,是我们做好阅读理解、夺取高分的基础,此类题目,只要细心就能做对。细节理解题01关键词定位法:需要利用题目中的关键词去寻找文中的对应词,关键词定位法:需要利用题目中的关键词去寻找文中的对应词,划出相关句子,进行对照划出相关句子,进行对照 错误选项排除法错误选项排除法阅读理解常考的4大题型干扰选项特征与短文细节部分相吻合,部分相悖。无中生有。是短文细节,但不符合题干要求。偷换概念符合常识,但不是文章内容。细节理解题01阅读理解常考的4大题型由文章中已知信息出发,对文章事实进行逻辑推理,做出正确判断,大多会问及文章的暗示、推论、结论、人物的
3、身份和关系、作者的观点、态度和语气等。该题型在高考阅读理解中难度较大,是取得高分必须要攻破的一道难关。寻找线索,悟出字里行间的意思寻找线索,悟出字里行间的意思推理判断题02阅读理解常考的4大题型正确选项特征“立足原文,只推一步”,即根据原文内容,一步即可推得。选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念,如only,never,all,absolutely等。正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊,会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇,如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等。推理判断题02干扰选项特征与常识相吻合,但并不是从
4、短文内容推知的,不是基于文章。推理过头,引申过度。偏离文章主题,属主观臆断的结论。是短文内容的简单重述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当作间接推理。阅读理解常考的4大题型不是考查考生的词汇量,而是要求考生根据上下文的语境、生活常识、构词法进行合理推测。涉及的词语有四类:熟词新义、生僻单词、词组短语和代词。词义猜测题03利用上下文猜测词义:表示并列的词:and,as well as,not only.but also.,both.and.表示因果的词:because,since,as,so.that.,such.that.表示转折的词:but,however,although,though,in
5、stead of,rather than.在such as,for example,that is to say,like,including等之后进一步说明前面的词阅读理解常考的4大题型利用主题句,快速把握段落、文章大意,提炼作者观点,最后仔细分析。大多会问及短文主题、标题、作者的写作目的、短文的学科分类及读者对象等。该题型属于中等难度试题,在近五年的高考试题中所占比重较大,平均占到总题量的四分之一左右。主旨大意题04阅读理解常考的4大题型正确选项特征涵盖性强,覆盖全文。确定的范围恰当,既不太大,也不太小。精确性强,不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。主旨大意题04干扰选项特征范围太大、太笼统,大
6、大超出了短文论述的范围。范围偏窄,在内容上只涉及短文的某一部分或若干要点;仅为短文的某一要点甚至某一细节。与短文有部分交集,但偏离文章主题,有重叠但不重合。阅读理解常考的4大题型细节理解题01例1(2014新课标全国卷阅读B节选)Since the first Earth Day in 1970,Americans have gotten a lot“greener”toward the environment.“We didnt know at that time that there even was an environment,let alone that there was a pr
7、oblem with it,”says Bruce Anderson,president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people,political leaders,university professors,and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understand
8、ing has increased many,many times,”says Gaylord Nelson,the former governor from Wisconsin,who thought up the first Earth Day.Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs;today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights,motors,and building designs have helped
9、save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.阅读理解常考的4大题型According to Anderson,before 1970,Americans had little idea about _.Athe social movement Brecycling techniquesCenvironmental problemsDthe importance of Earth Day【分析】A项指社会运动,原文中未提及,与文章主题不符;B项指回收的技巧,文章有提及,是文章细节,但范围太窄;C项中environmental pr
10、oblems是原文第一段第二句中a problem with it的同义替换,故C项正确;D项指地球日的重要性,虽然在第一段中提及了地球日,但不符合题干要求。阅读理解常考的4大题型推理判断题03例2(2014山东高考阅读D节选)Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father.He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.They said“yes,”but Serval would find their toothbr
11、ush heads dry.He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.60What can we infer about Servals children?AThey were unwilling to brush their teeth.BThey often failed to clean their toothbrushes.CThey preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.DThey liked brushing t
12、heir teeth after Serval came home.【分析】A项根据原文中的“.but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry”一步即可推得,孩子们没有刷牙,说明孩子们不愿意刷牙;B项为推理过头,选项中“failed to clean their toothbrushes”属于主观臆断;C项干扰性较大,虽然原文中有“their toothbrush heads dry”,但并非指“a toothbrush with a dry head”;D项也属于推理过头,从原文只能推断出孩子们不愿意刷牙,而推断不出孩子们喜欢Serval回家
13、后刷牙。阅读理解常考的4大题型推理判断题02例32009全国I卷Monday,October 6 Rained last night,cloudy in the morning,69F We spent about two hours in Nancy,then sailed on the Canal de la Marne au Rhine.Kind of a lazy day,eating breakfast,lunch,and dinner.After dinner we watched a tape on Baccarat,where we will visit tomorrow.It
14、 was pleasant to sit out on deck(甲板)and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph.Wednesday,October 8 Cloudy,65FToday we sailed from Schneckenbush to Saverne.We went through two caves,an extremely unusual part of the journey.This river scenery is very different.We were in a mountain valley with grassla
15、nd on one side and a forest beginning to show some color on the other.What does the author think of the tour?A.Tiring.B.Expensive.C.Enjoyable.D.Quick.阅读理解常考的4大题型词义猜测题03 A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of two,a
16、ged 4 and 18 months.The underlined word“hassle”means _.Aa party designed by specialistsBa plan requiring careful thoughtCa situation causing difficulty or troubleDa demand made by guests【分析】对比法,由前句的否定doesnt与后句的肯定can be 进行对比,可以推断出,hassle与fun意思相反,而与difficulty,trouble意义相近,故选C例5阅读理解常考的4大题型词义猜测题03例6When
17、things are getting hard,a voice inside my head tells me that I cant achieve something.Then there are other distractions,such as family or hobbies.The key is to concentrate.What does the underlined word“distractions”refer to?Aways that help one to focusBwords that help one to feel less tenseCactiviti
18、es that turn ones attention awayDhabits that make it hard for one to relax【分析】对比法,由前句的否定doesnt与后句的肯定can be 进行对比,可以推断出,hassle与fun意思相反,而与difficulty,trouble意义相近,故选CThe book that is unputdownable is so interesting or exciting that I do not want to stop reading it.【分析】so well written and interesting as t
19、o be difficult to put down 使人爱不释手的,扣人心弦的阅读理解常考的4大题型阅读理解常考的4大题型主旨大意题04例6Forget Twitter and Facebook,Google and the Kindle.Television is till the most influential medium around.Indeed,for many other the poorest areas of the world,it remains the next big thing-finally becomes globally available.And tha
20、t is a good thing,because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.Too much TV has been associated with violence,overweight and loneliness.However,TV is having a positive influence on the lives of the worldwide.The author aims to_Astress the advantage of TV to peoples livesBtell us the bad
21、 effects of TVCintroduce the readers some websites such as GoogleDencourage the readers to watch TV【分析】A项,找出首尾主题句,B项 某个具体事实和细节C项 非文章事实的主观臆断D项 无中生有阅读理解常考的4大题型阅读理解常考的4大题型主旨大意题04例7(2014福建高考阅读A)It was Mothers Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old s
22、on,Tenyson.As we were leaving,we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.Her husband was with her,but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.Walking towards the scene,Tenyson became v
23、ery upset about what had happened to the couple.He said to me,“Mum,its not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”At the front of the supermarket,a charity(慈善)group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds.Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower.“It w
24、ill make her feel better,”he said.I was amazed that hed come up with this sweet idea.So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.“Just take it,”she replied.“I cant take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”By now paramedics(急救人员)had ar
25、rived,and were attending to the injured woman.As we walked up to her,my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment.He said he was just too scared to go up to her.Instead I gave the flower to the womans husband and told him,“My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give he
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