中考复习中考英语复习课件专题主谓一致.ppt

1、Welcome to our class 1找出下列句子的错误找出下列句子的错误1.The police is comimg soon.2.The sad news make me cry.3.My shoes is new.4.The rich is going to be looked after well.5.This pair of glasses are mine.6.The first class begin at eight every morning.Man cant be perfect.Man cant be perfect.makesareareareisbeginsLe

2、ts try.2What did you learn from What did you learn from them?them?1、英语句子中的主语与谓语动词应在人称、英语句子中的主语与谓语动词应在人称和数上保持一致。和数上保持一致。2、有些主语虽为单数形式，但意义为复数。、有些主语虽为单数形式，但意义为复数。有些主语虽为复数形式，意义为单数，谓有些主语虽为复数形式，意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。语动词用单数。所以，我们应保持所以，我们应保持主谓意义上的一致。主谓意义上的一致。3Subject verb agreement主主 谓谓 一一 致致 性性4主主谓谓一一致致主谓一致是指主谓一致是指

3、谓语谓语在在人称人称和和数数上必须和上必须和主语主语的的人称人称和和数保持一致数保持一致。这是英语语。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。汉语区别很大的地方。主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：二、意义一致二、意义一致三、就近原则三、就近原则一、语法一致一、语法一致5 一、语法一致一、语法一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：例如：I often help him and he often

4、helps me.我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。We often help each other.我们经常互相帮助。我们经常互相帮助。不可数名词不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用作主语，谓语动词用单数单数；可数名词的可数名词的复数复数形式作主语，形式作主语，谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数。6二、意义一致二、意义一致主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。如：动词用单数。如：The crowd were surrounding the go

5、vernment official.人群包围了这位政府官员。人群包围了这位政府官员。Maths is hard to learn.数学难学。数学难学。7三、就近原则三、就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。决于最靠近它的主语。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。81.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或连接两个或两个以上单数名词或 代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种 情况：情况：1).and连接两个或两个以上

6、连接两个或两个以上不同不同的人或的人或 物作主语时，谓语动词用物作主语时，谓语动词用复数复数。例如：。例如：He and I are both students of this school.我和他都是这个学校的学生。我和他都是这个学校的学生。Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不饶人。岁月不饶人。92).如果连接两个或两个以上的并列如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指结构是指同一个人或物同一个人或物，或指同一概或指同一概念时念时，谓语动词用，谓语动词用单数单数，这时，这时and后后面的名词前不加冠词。面的名词前不加冠词。10例如：例如：A).表整体概念的并列结构：

7、表整体概念的并列结构：bread and butter knife and forkiron and steel law and orderB).配套事物：配套事物：a watch and chain a needle and thread The knife and fork is on the desk.刀叉放在桌子上。刀叉放在桌子上。112.主语后面带有主语后面带有with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,including,but 等引导的短语时，等引导的短语时，谓语动词必须谓语动词必须与前

8、面的主语在人称和数与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。上保持一致。例如：例如：The teacher,together with his students,is planting trees in the garden.老师和同学们正在花园里种树。老师和同学们正在花园里种树。123.如果主语是不定式，动词如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或主形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。语从句时，谓语动词用单数。What he is doing seems very important.他正在做什么看起来很重要。他正在做什么看起来很重要。Serving the people is my great happ

9、iness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。为人民服务是我最大的幸福。134.用连接的并列主语被用连接的并列主语被each,every 或或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。14.Every one of one of each of either of+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。Each of the students has a book.One of your books is new.155.each of+复数代词复

10、数代词,谓语动用单数。谓语动用单数。复数代词复数代词+each,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。如：如：Each of us has something to say.We each have something to say.我们每个人都有些话要说。我们每个人都有些话要说。166.不定代词不定代词all,more,some,any,none等等作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。vAll the apples ar

11、e rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。vAll the apple is rotten.整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。vNone of us are/is perfect.人无完人。人无完人。vNone of the money is left.一点钱也没剩下。一点钱也没剩下。177.复合不定代词复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词 用用单数单数。Someone is calling you.有人叫你。有人叫你。Nothing is found in the room.在屋里找不到什么东西。在屋里找不到什么东西。188.名词如名词如trousers,scissor

12、s,clothes,goods,glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；如：数；如：The scissors are sharp.19而形复义单的名词如而形复义单的名词如news;以以-ics结尾的学结尾的学科名称如科名称如physics,politics,国名如国名如the United States;报纸名如报纸名如the New Times;书名如书名如Great Expectations(远大前程远大前程)；以及；以及the United Nations作主语时，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。20 如：如：vNo news is good

13、 news.vGreat Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860.219.集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。若指若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；但若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；但若指其成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。这类名其成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。这类名词有词有people,family,class,population,crowd,team,ground等。等。v例如：例如：The family is very big.v

14、Their family are watching TV now.vChinese people is a hardworking people.vpeople here are very kind.2210.有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means,deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,fish等。如：等。如：vNot every means is useful.并非每种方法都有效。并非每种方法都有效。vNot all means are useful.并非所有的方法都有效

15、。并非所有的方法都有效。2311.表示表示一类人一类人的的“the+形容词形容词(分词分词)”作主语时，谓语动词用作主语时，谓语动词用复数复数。vThe sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital.vThe lost have been found.2412.表示表示时间、金钱、距离、度量时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词等名词作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用单数。如：词用单数。如：vThirty years is not a long time.30年的时间并不长。年的时间并不长。vTwo hou

16、rs is enough for me to finish the work.两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。2513.the rest of,half of,majority of,part of,a lot of,lots of,one of,a number of,a plenty of,percent of 以及以及分数词分数词等作主等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数，即词的数，即就近原则就近原则。如：。如：A part of the students have arrived.部分学生已到了。部分学

17、生已到了。A part of the apple has been eaten by the mouse.这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。2614.在表存在的在表存在的there be 句式句式中，主语中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），是两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的形式与的形式与最近最近的一个名词（短语）保的一个名词（短语）保持一致。持一致。There is a pen,two pencils and several books on the desk.=There are two pencils,a pen and several books on the

18、desk.=There are several books,a pen and two pencils on the desk.2715.由由here,there等引导的倒装句中，等引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近最近的主语保持一致。如：的主语保持一致。如：vHere comes the bus.vHere is a pen and two books for you.2816.用连词用连词 or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also等连接并列主语时，等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。如：谓语动词应

19、与最近的主语保持一致。如：vNeither you nor I am wrong.Neither I nor you are wrong.vNot only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music.291.由and连接的并列成分指的是一个人的双重身份时谓语动词为单数，如果指不同的人或物时谓语动词用复数。The worker and writer is from Wu

20、han.(那个工人兼作家)The worker and the writer are from Beijing.(那位工人和那位作家)30谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?We Chinese _ a hard-working peopleA.is B.are C.is being D.are being此题应选此题应选。这里应注意的是：我们这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一

21、个勤劳的民族。们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。31注意以下类似例子：1.These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim2.The planets were the object of his study3.The most important thing I need is books4.The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies32 When and where to build the new factory_ yet.A.is not decided B.are

22、not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided析析:当当when和和where加不定式指的是加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。A33every并列使用时，动词取单数。Every boy and every girl _ that each day and each hour brings _ duty.A.know,their B.knows,theirC.knows,its D.know,its34E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in dai

23、ly communication.A.is playing B.have playedC.are playing D.play35A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a giftA.is offered B.has offeredC.are offered D.have offered363.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another A.is B.are C.am D.be4.Not the teach

24、er,but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A.is B.are C.am D.be375.A woman with some children _ soonA.is coming B.are coming C.has come D.have come6.No one except my parents _ anything about this。A.know B.knows C.is known D.are known387The teacher as well as the students _ the book alr

25、eady A.has read B.have read C.are reading D.is reading8All but（除了）（除了）one _ in the accident A.was killed B.were killed C.will be killed D.are killed 399.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;wasB.was;was C.was;wereD.were;were10._ of the land i

26、n that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are401.Our class are going to hike next week Our class are big and clean.2.A speaker and writer does exercise every day.A speaker and a writer does exercise every day.Do you know Do you know th

27、e differences?the differences?3.A number of Chinese are learning English.The number of the students are forty.哪一句表达正确？哪一句表达正确？41给句子填上给句子填上is/am/are1.There _some milk and some bottles on the table.2.Neither Jim nor Mary _ right.3.Either you or I_going to work there.4.Not only the students but also th

28、eir teacher _happy.5.There _some sheep and a child over there.isisamisare42There be _ A _ and _ B _Either _A_ or_ B _Neither_A_nor_B_Not only_A_but also_B_动词Thinking makes Thinking makes you cleveryou clever就近原则就近原则431.Behind the house _(be)some trees.2.Every student and every teacher _(come)to scho

29、ol on time in the morning.3.No man and no woman _(like)these shoes.4.He or she _(have)gone there.5.What he said_(sound)reasonable.6.“I”_(be)the ninth letter.Can you work them out?Can you work them out?arecomeslikeshassoundsisTrue gold fears not the fire.44找出各句中的错误找出各句中的错误1.A number of students has s

30、een the film.2.This kind of apples taste very good.3.Not only my classroom but also my teacher are fond of sports.4.The Greens has returned to England.5.Those who only thinks of themselves can never be happy.6.When each person come in,they must show their tickets.have tastesishavethinkcomesThink car

31、efully457.Ten thousand pounds are a lot of money.8.Mary likes many other girls likes dancing.9.We are Chinese.You two are German.10.The singer and dancer look very young.11.Fish and chips are my favourite.12.Nobody but the twin sisters know the secret.I can make itislikeGermanslooksisknows46 Multipl

32、e choice:1.On the wall_ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,”the company commander said.A.keep B.kept C.keeps D.have kept3.There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.has47 4.Zhangs family _ rather big,with twelve pe

33、ople in all.A.is B.are C.being D.was5.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known6.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were487.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided8.A library with

34、 five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered491.The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.A.change B.has changed C.changing D.have changed502.Nowadays,a large number of women,especially those from the countryside,_ in the clothing i

35、ndustry.Ais working Bworks Cwork Dworked513.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were524.A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.A.show;are B.shows;is C.sh

36、ow;is D.shows;are53Not only I but Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be54A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a giftA.is offered B.has offeredC.are offered D.have offered551、主谓倒装句，动词应与其、主谓倒装句，动词应与其的主语一致。的主语一致。2、“一段一段”，“一段一段”，“一些一些”作作 主语时，动词用单数。主语时，动词用单数。3、几分之几作主语时，动词由其后面的、几分之几作主语时，动词由其后面的或代词或代词 决定。但决定。但one and a half 作主语时，动词用单数。作主语时，动词用单数。4、定语从句的动词与其前面的、定语从句的动词与其前面的一致。一致。5、动名词，动词不定式作主语时，动词用、动名词，动词不定式作主语时，动词用。6、当主语后、当主语后with,together with,like,but,except,as well as 等介词词组时，动词依其等介词词组时，动词依其的主语而定。的主语而定。后后时间时间距离距离金钱金钱前前名词名词先行词先行词单数单数5657