Unit 4 Natural disasters Vocabulary单词讲解(ppt课件)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Unit 4 Natural DisastersVocabulary1._v.死亡；消亡死亡；消亡 _n.死；死亡死；死亡_adj.死的；死的；枯萎的枯萎的 adj.垂死的；临死的垂死的；临死的 adj.致命的致命的2._v.影响；侵袭影响；侵袭_n.影响；结果；效果影响；结果；效果_adj.有效的有效的_ adv.有效地有效地 n.喜爱；关爱喜爱；关爱3._v.(使使)震惊震惊 n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克震惊；令人震惊的事；休克_adj.令人震惊的令人震惊的 _adj.感到震惊的感到震惊的4._v.呼吸呼吸 _n.呼吸呼吸 _adj.气喘吁吁的气喘吁吁的 adv.气喘吁吁地气喘吁吁地5._

2、 adj.明智的明智的_adv.明智地明智地_n.智慧；才智智慧；才智词性转换diedeathdieddyingdeadlyaffecteffecteffectiveeffectivelyaffectionshockshockingshockedbreathebreathbreathlessbreathlesslywisewiselywisdom6._v.统一；使成为一体统一；使成为一体_adj.统一的统一的 n.联合；统一联合；统一7._v.复活；复活；(使使)苏醒苏醒 _n.复苏；振兴复苏；振兴8._vi.生存；存活生存；存活 vt.幸存幸存 _n.幸存；残存物幸存；残存物 _n.幸存者幸

3、存者9._v.遭受；蒙受；因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等遭受；蒙受；因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦受苦 _n.苦难；痛苦苦难；痛苦 _n.患病者患病者;受苦者受苦者9._v.(火山火山)爆发；喷发爆发；喷发_n.爆发；喷发爆发；喷发10._adj.长的；长期的长的；长期的_ n.长；长度长；长度_v.(使使)变长；加长变长；加长unifyunifiedunificationreviverevivalsurvivesurvivalsurvivorsuffersufferingsufferererupteruptionlonglengthlengthen11._n能力；力量；电力供应；控制力能力；力量；电力供应

4、；控制力_ adj.强大的；有力的强大的；有力的 adj.无力的；无能力的无力的；无能力的 v.授权授权12.vt.&vi.(使使)平静平静;(使使)镇定镇定 adj.镇定的；沉着的镇定的；沉着的 _adv.镇定的；沉着的镇定的；沉着的 _n.平静平静;镇定镇定13.n.电；电能电；电能 adj.电动的；用电的电动的；用电的 adj.与与(用用)电有关的；电气科学的电有关的；电气科学的 adj.电子的电子的14._n.努力；尽力努力；尽力 adj.不用费力的不用费力的15.n.金属金属 n.模特；榜样模特；榜样 n.奖章；勋章奖章；勋章 n.新闻媒体；媒体新闻媒体；媒体powerpowerfu

5、lpowerlessempowercalmcalmlycalmnesselectricityelectricelectricalelectronicefforteffortlessmetalmodelmedalmedia16.vt.递送；生；接生；发表递送；生；接生；发表 n.U递送递送 n.投递者投递者17.n.突发事件；紧急情况突发事件；紧急情况 adj.出现的；紧急的出现的；紧急的 n.出现；浮现出现；浮现 18.vi.&vt.&n.打；撞击；罢工打；撞击；罢工 (过去式过去式).(过去分词过去分词)adj.迷人的迷人的 n.罢工者；前锋罢工者；前锋19.n.总结；概括总结；概括 v.总

6、结；概括总结；概括20.n.供应；补给；供应；补给；pl.补给品补给品 vt.供应；供给供应；供给 n.供应商供应商deliverdeliverydelivereremergencyemergentemergestrikestruckstrickenstrikingstrikersummarysummarizesupplysupplier1.rescue n.&vt.营救；救援营救；救援 rescuer n.救援者救援者(1)The soldiers rescued the man from the flood.(2)A boy was trapped in the building and

7、soon a rescue team came to his rescue.总结归纳 1._worker 救援人员救援人员 2.ones rescue 援救某人援救某人 3.rescue._.把把从从解救出来解救出来 rescuecome/go tofrom运运 用用1.He was about to give up when they came _ his rescue.2.The sisters were treated as local heroes after _(rescue)a two-year-old boy from drowning.3.Helicopters rescued

8、 nearly 20 people the roof of the burning building.torescuingfrom2.damage n.&vt.损失；损害损失；损害 总结归纳 1.do/cause damage to 给给带来带来/造成毁坏造成毁坏 2.be badly damaged 遭受严重损害遭受严重损害自主排查自主排查单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)A number of _(damage)houses and roads in the earthquake have been repaired up to now.(2)A number of typhoons have

9、 caused great damage _ parts of Asia in recent years.damagedto词义辨析：词义辨析：damage,destroy和和ruin damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；destroy 侧重“毁毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和entirely、completely等副词搭配；ruin 侧重“毁坏毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型

10、出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。选词填空选词填空：damage/destory/ruin1.You have _ my bike;youd better get it repaired.2.My car was _ in an accident,so I have to buy a new one.3.To our disappointment,the bad weather _ our trip.4.The accident caused some _ to my car,but its nothing serious.damageddestroyedruineddama

11、ge3.ruin n.U 毁灭；毁坏；毁灭；毁坏；常用复数常用复数废墟废墟 vt.(使使)毁坏；成为废墟毁坏；成为废墟 In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.总结归纳 1.成为废墟成为废墟 2.衰落，败落衰落，败落 3.使使毁灭；使毁灭；使没落；使没落；使破产破产 4.毁掉自己；自取灭亡毁掉自己；自取灭亡 5.毁坏某人的健康毁坏某人的健康/声誉声誉/前途前途 lie/be in ruins go to ruin/fall into ruinbringto ruin ruin oneself ruin ones health/

12、fame/future 运运 用用地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。1.The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake and it made us awake all night.2.The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake,_.(定语从句定语从句)3.The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，_.(非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语)which made us awake

13、 all nightmaking us awake all night4.affect v.影响影响；侵袭；侵袭(1)Since last October,about 43 percent of the winter wheat in China has been affected by lack of rainfall.(2)Individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.总结归纳 1.be affected _ 受受的影响的影响 2.aff

14、ect sb./sth.影响某人或某物影响某人或某物by总结归纳have an effect on.对对 有影响有影响bring/put.into effect 实施；实行实施；实行in effect 在实施中；有效在实施中；有效;实际上；事实上实际上；事实上take effect 生效生效(=come into effect)；起作用；起作用side effect 副作用副作用运运 用用1.Dont play around here!Your noise _ my job badly.2.Playing computer games too much will have a bad _ on

15、 your study.3.The firefighters lung _ because of breathing in the poisonous gas.由于吸入了有毒气体，那位消防队员的肺部受到了侵袭。由于吸入了有毒气体，那位消防队员的肺部受到了侵袭。4.What you say or do will others.你所说或所做的每一件事都会对别人产生影响。你所说或所做的每一件事都会对别人产生影响。affectseffectwas affected have an effect on/affect 5.injure vt.伤害；使受伤；损害伤害；使受伤；损害(1)A terrible

16、accident happened at the acrossing and an ambulance rushed the _(injure)to the hospital.(2)Dogs owners should be responsible if their pets do a _(injure)to other people or cause damage to their property.总结归纳 1.be/get injured 受伤受伤 2.the injured 伤员伤员 3.do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人伤害某人injure

17、dinjury运运 用用1.A month before my first,one of my ankles _(injure)and this meant not running for two weeks,leaving me only two weeks to train.2.By mile 17,I became out of breath and the one _(injure)ankle hurt badly.3.Dont lift that tool boxyoull _!(伤着自己；伤着自己；injury)injuredwas injureddo an injury to y

18、ourself词义辨析：词义辨析：injure/hurt/wound/harmwound指指外伤外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战斗中受伤战斗中受伤。injure“损害；受伤损害；受伤”，指由于，指由于意外或事故意外或事故而受伤，着重指容貌而受伤，着重指容貌、机能的损坏、机能的损坏hurt“疼痛；痛苦；伤心疼痛；痛苦；伤心”，指肉体上，指肉体上，也可指精神上的伤害也可指精神上的伤害。harm肉体上，也可指精神上的伤害，可能会带来不便。肉体上，也可指精神上的伤害，可能会带来不便。运运 用用选词填空：选词填空：injure/wound/hurt/harm1.The so

19、ldier was _ in the arm in the war.2.She was _ slightly in an accident during the work.3.I was very much _ at his words.4.This bright light will do great _ to your eyes.woundedinjuredhurtharm6.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(1)A good environment depends on the _(effort)made by everyone.(2)No one can

20、achieve anything _effort.总结归纳 1.make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth.尽一切努力做某事尽一切努力做某事 2.spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力不遗余力地做某事地做某事 3.with(an)effort 努力地努力地 4.without effort 毫不费力地毫不费力地 effortswithout“尽一切做某事”的表达：try/do ones best to do sth.make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth.spare no

21、effort to do sthdo all/everything in ones power to do sth运运 用用1.我们必须尽一切努力以减缓病情的发展。我们必须尽一切努力以减缓病情的发展。We must _ to slow down the progress of the illness.2.他毫不费力地举起那块大石头。他毫不费力地举起那块大石头。He lifted the big stone _.3.Many excellent Chinese architects _.(正做出巨大努力正做出巨大努力)to take the center stage.make every eff

22、ortwithout effort are making great efforts7.shock n.震惊震惊U，令人震惊的事；休克，令人震惊的事；休克(1)He was shocked at the shocking news.(2)We were shocked at her grade.(3)She is still in shock after the accident.总结归纳1.be shocked at/by 对对感到震惊感到震惊2.in shock 震惊，吃惊震惊，吃惊,休克休克3.be a shock to sb.对某人是个打击对某人是个打击运运 用用用用shock的适当形

23、式填空的适当形式填空1.It was a _story,and we all got _.2.They _ _ _how the children had been treated.孩子们受到的对待令他们深感震惊。孩子们受到的对待令他们深感震惊。3.The news of Stephen Hawkings death shocked the whole world greatly.同义替换同义替换(每空一词每空一词)The news of Stephen Hawkings death came n the whole world.shockingshockedwere shocked atas

24、ashocktogreat8.trap vt.(trapped)使落入；使陷入圈套使落入；使陷入圈套(1)They trapped her into marrying their son.(2)She was trapped in the burning house.(3)Once you fall into a trap,it will not be easy to get out of it.总结归纳 1.set/lay/place a trap 设一个圈套设一个圈套 2.trap sb into(doing).骗某人（做）骗某人（做）.3.fall into/get out of a t

25、rap 落入落入/摆脱圈套摆脱圈套 4.be trapped in 被困住，陷入被困住，陷入.运运 用用1._(trap)in the heavy traffic,we had to wait and might be late for the meeting.2.He dug a hole on the ground _(trap)a rabbit.3.A trap _(set)last night causes trouble to ourselves now.4.They trapped her into_(sell)her house at a low price.Trappedto

26、trapsetselling9.bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心心(1)Though _(bury)in books these days,I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.(2)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and _(bury)the dead.(3)He sank into a chair,(bury)his face in his hands.总结归纳

27、 1.be buried in=bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于埋头于；专心于 2.bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面双手掩面 buriedto buryburying运运 用用1._(bury)in reading the book in hand,he didnt notice a little girl _(bury)her face in her hands until the sound of sobbing flowed into his ears.When asked why she was crying,she said she c

28、ouldnt find the stone previously _(bury)under the tree.2.The bird landed on the sand,(bury)its head in it.3._(bury)in doing homework,he didnt notice a dog coming in.BuriedburyingburiedBuriedburying能力提升能力提升一句多译一句多译由于他埋头于读书，所以不知道外面下雨了。由于他埋头于读书，所以不知道外面下雨了。(bury)4.Because he _ his books,he didnt know it

29、 was raining outside.5.Because he _ his books,he didnt know it was raining outside.6._ his books，he didnt know it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语现在分词短语作状语)7._,he didnt know it was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语过去分词短语作状语)buried himself inwas buried inBurying himself inBuried in his books【知识延伸知识延伸】表示表示“专心于

30、专心于”且与且与“be buried in”类似的表达还有类似的表达还有:pay attention to./draw ones attention to./apply oneself to be devoted to./be addicted to.be buried/occupied/absorbed/lost/involved/engaged in sth.concentrate/fix/focus/keep ones attention on sth.put ones heart into sth.10.breathe vi./vt.呼吸呼吸总结归纳 breath n.呼吸呼吸；气息；

31、一口气；气息；一口气 take a deep breath 深吸一口气深吸一口气 hold ones breath 屏住呼吸屏住呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气上气不接下气 catch ones breath 恢复呼吸恢复呼吸运运 用用1.The boy (breathe)to wait his test score.2.The weak girl _(气喘吁吁气喘吁吁)only after five minutes walk.3.Its good _(吸入吸入)fresh country air instead of city smoke.held his breathewas

32、 out of breathto breathe(in)11.suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历遭受；忍受；经历1.(2017全国卷全国卷)With no rain for over a year,the city is suffering unusually hot weather.2.The old man is said to have gone through varieties of (suffer)during the war.3.To our delight,the (suffer)has decided to give up smoking.fromsuffering

33、s sufferer 1.遭受痛苦遭受痛苦/失败失败/艰难艰难/破坏破坏 _ 遭受；患病遭受；患病2._ n.痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事 _ n.患难者；患病者患难者；患病者用法考点归纳总结：suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage suffer from sufferingsufferer(1)suffer 用作用作及物动词及物动词，表示，表示“遭受；蒙受遭受；蒙受”，其后，其后常接常接pain，loss，defeat，poverty，hunger，punishment，hardship，damage等名词等名词作宾语作宾语；(2)suffe

34、r 用作用作不及物动词不及物动词时，时，后常接后常接from，表示，表示“受受之苦；患某种疾病之苦；患某种疾病”。运运 用用1.Among obese children,about 30 percent also high levels of blood sugar and fat.(suffer)2.The party a humiliating defeat in the general election.(suffer)3.The civil war of Syria has brought great (suffer)to tens of thousands of people.4.H

35、e had never suffered such a great loss in his life,so he almost lost the hope for life.in his life,he almost lost the hope for life.(分词短语作状语分词短语作状语)suffersufferedsufferingsNot having suffered such a great loss12.supply vt.供应，供给供应，供给 n.供应供应(1)Russia supplies natural gas to the European countries.(2)O

36、ur water supply has been cut out.总结归纳 向某人提供某物向某人提供某物 1.supply sth.to sb.=supply sb.with sth.2.provide sth.for sb.=provide sb.with sth.3.offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.运运 用用句型转换句型转换We should provide some help for them.=We should some help them.=We should them some help.=We should them some help.supply

37、/offertosupply/providewithoffer13.survive vi.&vt.熬过，挺过熬过，挺过 vi.保存下来保存下来 vt.比比.活得长活得长翻译下列句子：翻译下列句子：(1)She survived her husband by ten years.(2)Her parents died in the accident,but she survived.(3)He had spent years surviving on little money,spending all her time writing.(4)Some old customs have survi

38、ved into the present.比比.活得长活得长靠靠.存活存活存活存活保存下来保存下来总结归纳 1.survivor n.幸存者幸存者 2.survival n.残存，生还，生存残存，生还，生存 3.survive on 依靠依靠生存下来生存下来 4.survive sth.幸免于；从幸免于；从中挺过来中挺过来 5.A survive B(by.)A比比B活得长活得长 6.survive from.从从.存活下来；流传下来存活下来；流传下来运运 用用1.I cant survive$40 a week.2.But I know whatever I have to face in

39、my life I was there and I (survive).3.Jim was a (survive)of the accident,but he lost his left leg.4.The (survive)of the boy is uncertain;he is badly hurt and may die.onsurvivedsurvivorsurvival14.power n.能力；力量；权力；动力能力；力量；权力；动力 vt.激励；供以动力；使激励；供以动力；使有力量有力量1.As the saying goes,“_(知识就是力量知识就是力量).”2.(2019江

40、苏卷江苏卷)It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most _(power)animal on earth.3.Though he has been_power for two years,he hasnt found an effective solution to the countrys economic problems.4.Unfortunately，its my power to get through the work in such a short time.5.They have invented a new

41、car,which is powered by solar batteries.熟词生义熟词生义inpowerfulKnowledge is powerbeyond供以动力供以动力_ 掌权；上台掌权；上台_ 在某人的掌控中在某人的掌控中_ 某人力所不能及的某人力所不能及的 .尽力而为尽力而为/竭尽全力竭尽全力做某事做某事用法考点归纳总结：=e to/into power in ones power beyond ones power do all/everything in ones power to do sthdo/try ones best to do sth make every ef

42、fort to do sth.spare no effort to do sth 1.Ill try my best to perform well in the volunteer job.(2019高考全国卷高考全国卷)句式升级句式升级Ill to perform well in the volunteer job.2.As we all know,never before has our country been so (power)as it is today.do all/everything in my powerpowerful词义辨析：词义辨析：power/force/stre

43、ngth/energy用用force,power,energy,strength填空填空1.I do want to help you,but its beyond my _.2.She has always been encouraged to swim to build up the _of her muscles.3.If you dont open the door,I have to enter by use of _.4.Young people usually have more _than the old.powerstrengthforceenergy15.calm adj.

44、冷静的；平静的冷静的；平静的 vt.使平静；使镇静使平静；使镇静(1)You should keep/stay calm even in face of emergency.(2)Calm down and focus on the test paper when you begin to think about the answers.总结归纳 1._calm保持镇静保持镇静 2.calm _ 冷静下来冷静下来 3._ 使某人平静下来使某人平静下来keep/staydowncalm sb.down运运 用用1.Please _(冷静下来冷静下来)and let me know what ha

45、s happened.2.The doctor has given her some pills (使使她镇静下来她镇静下来).3.I tried to_(保持冷静保持冷静).I knew that worrying wouldnt help me.calm down to calm her down keep calm 16.aid n.援助；帮助援助；帮助(1)He succeeded with the aid of a new method.(2)Many workers came to our aid after the typhoon.(3)Some universities hav

46、e aided us in our research.总结归纳 1.with the aid of 在在的帮助下的帮助下 e to ones aid 帮助某人帮助某人 3.帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 aid sb.to do sth./aid sb.with sth./aid sb.in(doing)sth.运运 用用1._the aid of modern medicine,the dog was revived after half an hours death.2.We aided him in _(finish)the work ahead of time.3.We aided hi

47、m (finish)the work ahead of time.4.The rescue team consisting of 15 countries has come to _(they)aid.Withfinishingto finish their17.strike1.The boy fell,striking his head on the edge of the table.2.Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods.3.It struck me that we might have made the wron

48、g decision.4.We were struck by her kindness.5.What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people.6.The church clock began to strike twelve.打打;撞击撞击(疾病疾病,自然灾害等自然灾害等)突然降临突然降临;突然袭击突然袭击突然想起突然想起/想到想到打动打动给给.以印象以印象(时钟等时钟等)敲响敲响;报报(时时)6.The girl struck a match to light a candle.7.He listed some striki

49、ng numbers of the injured,which took our breath away.惊人的惊人的点燃点燃17.strike总结归纳 1.It strikes sb.that 某人突然想到某人突然想到 =It hits sb.that./It occurs to sb.that.2.go on strike 举行罢工举行罢工 3.be on strike 在罢工在罢工18.deliver vt./vi.传递；传达；发表；接生传递；传达；发表；接生(1)We promise to deliver within 48 hours.(2)She often went late a

50、t night to deliver a baby for a poor family.总结归纳 1.deliver sth.递送某物递送某物 2.deliver a speech 发表演讲发表演讲 3.deliver a baby 接生小孩接生小孩运运 用用1.I usually have fast food _(deliver)to my office.2.The man _(deliver)a speech was our headmaster.3.Every year,there are around 3000000 babies _(deliver)all over the worl