Unit 4 Natural Disasters 词汇精讲(ppt课件)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Look Back to 2020赵晶老师事件一：全球疫情Since COVID-19 broke out,many persons have suffered terrible pains and death.COVID-19COVID-19“Co”“corona”“Vi”“virus”“D”“disease”suffervi（因疾病/痛苦）受苦+from 患重感冒患头疼suffer from a bad cold suffer from headachesuffervt 遭受 蒙受（+抽象名词）遭受失败/损失经历痛苦/困苦suffer a defeat/failure/a loss suf

2、fer pain/hardship suffern.遭受者sufferersufferingn.痛苦 折磨练习Her classmates often laughed at her accent，which caused her mental_(suffer)Studies show that people are more likely _(suffer)from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.sufferingsto suffer 翻译：我们应该关心那些正在遭受疾病和饥饿的人。

3、(concern,suffer)练习We should be concerned about those who are suffering from illness and hunger.Since COVID-19 broke out,many persons have suffered terrible pains and death.deathdeathn.死亡【U】vi.死亡diea.死的dead*latea.已故的（定语）deathdeath因而死亡(内因/外因）die from/of逐渐变弱 模糊die out die away/downdie offbe dying for 灭

4、绝相继死去渴望做改错Up to now,there are still many African children who die for starvation.练习将for改为fromHe missed his mother so much that he was _(die)to meet her at the airport.When World War Two came to an end,hundreds of criminals were sentenced to _(die).练习dyingdeathIf measures are not taken,more people wi

5、ll die from the _(die)disease.练习deada.死的 失去生命的deadlya.致命的deadly_ were sent to hospital and _ were buried.（师大附中高一大练习）A.The injured;the deathB.The injuring;the dying C.The injured;the deadD.The injured;the die练习19-20哈三中高三二模完形That was long ago.I had not seen David for years,My husband lost his battle a

6、gainst cancer and 56 41.A.passed awayB.got away C.died awayD.died off 练习During the period of COVID-19,many delivery men took risks to deliver food and medicine.delivedeliver r配送食物deliver fooddeliver a speech 发表演讲deliver a baby接生孩子deliveryn.接生 配送MrSmith told us that he_（deliver）a speech at this time

7、next weekIt is the first time that the little boy_（deliver）an English address in public练习will be delivering has deliveredTom 害怕在公共场合发表演讲翻译Tom is afraid of delivering a speech in public.事件二：澳洲火灾wildfire澳洲森林火灾影响30亿动物 逾六万考拉遭遇生存危机Unfortunately,A great number of kangaroos and koala were trapped in the wi

8、ldfire.traptrapvt.使陷入困境/圈套过去式/过去分词trappedbe trapped in 陷入到中(负）trap sb into doing 诱使某人做traptrapn.陷阱 圈套set a trap for fall/walk into a trap为设下圈套落入圈套The snow lasted nearly three days.What was worse,they _(trap)in the mountain and badly in want of food.This wasnt the first time that we _(traptrap)into a

9、 situation like this.练习 was trapped had been trapped _(trap)in traffic for hours,he was late for class.Those miners _(traptrap)underground for days survived the accident unexpectedly.Once upon a time,there was a princess who _(trap)in a castle.Trapped trapped was trapped练习_(trap)in traffic for hours

10、,he was late for class.Those miners _(traptrap)underground for days survived the accident unexpectedly.Thanks to 110,the workers trap in the mine were rescued finally.（改错）Trapped trapped 将trap改为trapped练习事件三：东非蝗灾东非蝗灾此次蝗灾2019年12月首次在索马里出现一路跨过中东到南亚，蝗虫数量高达4000亿只。一只成年蝗虫每天消耗2克粮食，4000亿只每天可吃8000公斤粮食。EastAfri

11、caisfacingitsworstlocustoutbreakin70years,causing damage to food.Theoutbreakisalsoaffectingpartsof EthiopiaandSomalia.damagedamagen.损失，破坏【U】损害赔偿金【pl】cause damage to 对造成损害damagedamagevt.损失，破坏（可以修复）（可以修复）be badly/seriously damaged严重受损The accident was my fault，so I had to pay for the damage _ the other

12、 car（）A.ofB.forC.onD.to练习练习The _(damage)aircraft was flying on only one engine.damaged The terrible earthquake hit that area at midnight，_(damage)tens of thousands of houses.练习damagingdestrodestroy yvt.破坏 摧毁 毁灭（很难修复）（很难修复）be completely/totally destroyed被彻底摧毁毁掉某人的生活/信仰/希望destroy ones life/faith/hoped

13、estrodestroy yvt.破坏 摧毁 毁灭（很难修复）destroyern.破坏者n.破坏destructiona.毁灭性的destructiveEarthquakes are among the most _(destroy)natural disasters.练习destructiveWhen the firemen arrived,the whole ancient temple had been completely _ in the heavy fire.A.injuredB.woundedC.damagedD.destroyed练习这次事故毁掉了他的自信。It took h

14、im a long time to cheer up.翻译The accident destroyed his confidence 这次暴雨给这一地区的庄稼造成了很大的损害（damage；crop）翻译The heavy rain greatly damaged/caused great damage to the crops in this areaEastAfricaisfacingitsworstlocustoutbreakin70years,causing damage to food.Theoutbreakisalsoaffectingpartsof EthiopiaandSoma

15、lia.affectaffectvt.影响It was just her childhood experiences that affected her character and later life.affectaffectvt.感情深深打动，使悲伤People were deeply affected by the news of the famous host Li Yongs death.affectaffectvt.（疾病）侵袭；感染be affected by heat/cold中暑/感冒COVID-19 has affected millions of people in th

16、e world this year.affectaffectn.喜爱 钟爱【U】affectionaffectivea.喜爱的 钟爱的对喜欢have affection forWe _(affectaffect)deeply by the news of his death then.Nicotine _(affect)the functioning of the heart.练习were affectedaffects_(affect)with a high fever,he continued with his work.To avoid _(affect),the student ins

17、ists that he be separated from his deskmate,who is naughty.练习(难）Affectedbeing affectedeffecteffectn.影响【C】对产生影响have an effect on积极的影响positive effect副作用side effectseffecteffectn.效果【C】生效come into effecteffectivea.有效的Such films will have a bad effect _ school children.The results prove that the new drug

18、s are_(effect)against cancer.on练习effectiveIt wont be easy to put the changes into _(affect).Every mother has great _(affect)for her child.练习effectaffection他在美国上大学，这对其电影作品产生了很大影响。(非限制性定语从句；have an effect on)翻译He attend college in America,which has a great effect on his films.事件四：火山频发erupteruptvi.爆发（火

19、山）；喷出（岩浆）n.eruption思考：爆发战争/疫情/火灾？Due to the volcanic eruption,many flights were canceled in case of crashing.crashcrashvi/vt（飞机）失事；（车）碰撞撞上.使撞上crashintothe plane crashed shortly after take-off.crashintocrashcrashvi（系统）奔溃；倒闭I was looking for the information when the computer crashedcrashcrashn.碰撞（声）破裂

20、声；倒闭火车/汽车撞车事故飞机失事a plane/an air crasha train/car crashA truck went out of control,and _(crash)into the back of the bus.练习crashed他今天经历起一场严重的撞车事故。翻译He experienced a serious car crash today.volcanic eruption is not only considered as one of the most serious natural disasters,but it also supplies many k

21、inds of rare materials to people.supplysupplyvt.提供/供给(supplies/supplied)supply sth to sb提供某人某物supply sb with sth近义词近义词1.offer1.offer/offer sth to sboffer sb sth2.provide2.provideprovide sb with sthprovide sth for sb supplysupplyn.供应量 储备【C】water supply供水in short supply供应短缺的供应a supply of supplysupplyn

22、.补给 补给品【PL】（药物/粮食/燃料）Our supplies were running out.At the beginning of this term,students are supplied_ a list of books that are expected to read.with练习随着世界人口的持续增长，粮食供应越来越成为大家关注的焦点。翻译As the worlds population continues to grow,_ becomes more and more of a concern.the supply of food The _(supply)which

23、 were provided to the disaster area were collected from the country.For many years,trained camels carried food and other _(supply),and returned with wool and other products.supplies练习supplies事件五：美国大选Since Trump won the election,what he said in Twitter has shocked many persons.shockshockn.震惊；休克【U】；令人

24、震惊的事物;打击【C】震惊in shock使某人震惊give sb a shockshockshockvt.使震惊(负）a.震惊的shocked对感到震惊/愤慨be shocked at/by惊讶惊讶vt.使惊讶（强调意想不到）surprise/astonishvt.使惊喜（正）amazeshockvt.使震惊（负）For the next five days,we explored the town and ate a _（shock）amount of cake.The students were _(shock)at the news that they were defeated.练习

25、 shockedshockingThis incident _(shock)Hong Kong society.On the first day,I _(shock)to see so much leftover food thrown away by students.练习shockedwas shockedThe two parties has made great effortsefforts to compete for the president.After the election,Americans held a wave of strikesstrikes to ask for

26、 their rights.Although Biden took power,he faced five major challenges.efforteffortn.努力【C】尽全力做某事（写作）make efforts to dowith/without effort不遗余力做某事（写作）费力地/毫不费力地spare no effort to do中国正在努力发展经济以提高人们的生活质量China _ develop the economy to improve the quality of peoples lives.is making every effort to 翻译After

27、the election,Americans held a wave of strikesstrikes to ask for their rights.Although Biden took power,he faced five major challenges.strikestrike1.vt.击打 碰撞 过去式/过去分词struckThe child ran into the road and was struck by a car.The ball struck her hard on the left shoulder.The man struck him on the face.

28、strike sb on+身体部位名词：击打某人的strikestrike2.vi/vt侵袭 爆发（灾难 疾病）A huge earthquake struck the northern part of Peru.The disease struck all around the world/strikestrike3.vt（想法）突然想起 猛然意识到A strange idea struck me.That there was no one at home struck me.It struck me that there was no one at home.某人突然想起.strikest

29、rikeHis jokes didnt strike jack as being very funny.You cant help being struck by her kindness.be stuck by 被打动 感染strike sb as 给某人印象短语归纳短语归纳击打某人的某个身体部位某人突然想起给某人印象被感动/感染strike sb on+身体It strikes sb that strike sb as+印象be stuck bystrikestriken.袭击；罢工罢工在罢工be/go on strikeIt is hard to say how long the str

30、ike will last.形近义词区分形近义词区分strike-struck-struckstick v.敲击 袭击 突然想起n.棍子；v.戳 粘贴-stuck-stuck根据语境，在括号内写出下划线语块的意思。(1)A powerful earthquake struck the Italian island of Sicily early this morning.(_)(2)Her car went out of control and struck an oncoming vehicle.(_)(3)The clock was striking ten as we went into

31、 the church.(_)(4)Just as I was going downstairs,it suddenly struck me that I had left the door unlocked.(_)(5)The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.(_)It _(strike)Tom that what hed said about Helen applied to him too.练习struck2019年6月17日，四川宜宾发生了地震。（strikestrike

32、）On June 17th,2019，an earthquake struck Yibin，Sichua翻译我突然想起我忘记锁门了（strike sb)It struck me that I had forgot locking the door.翻译她重重地摔倒，头撞在地板上。She fell heavily and struck her head on the floor.Although Biden came to power,he faced five major challenges.powerpowern.权力 政权【U】执政（强调状态强调状态）be in powerbeyond

33、ones power开始执政（强调动作强调动作）在某人能力/权力范围内come to power某人能力所不能及within ones powerpowerpowern.电力；能量(energy)停电a power cut/failure电力站风能/太阳能/核能a power plantwind/solar/nuclearpowerpowern.权力；电力 能量a.有权力的/有影响力的powerful强大的组织强大的组织a powerful organizationWhen Hitler came_ powerpower,a lot of Jews were forced to leave t

34、heir homeland,one of whom was Albert Einstein.Hell do whatever I tell him to do.Hes completely_my powerAs we all know,actions are _(power)than words.练习towithinpowerful事件六：高考延期The heavy rain has caused floodsfloods in many parts of the country,especially in Anhui province.The government had to take e

35、mergencyemergency action to put off college entrance examinationfloodfloodn.洪水一次洪水可数泛指洪水不可数n.大量的（a flood of)She had to face a flood of complaintsfloodfloodv.淹没,泛滥Our washing machine broke down yesterday and flooded the kitchen.There are now fears that the river could flood.floodfloodvi.大量涌入(+into)On

36、 11.11ShoppingFestival,many persons flooded into the shopping mall.After 11.11ShoppingFestival,complaint calls flooded in from all over the country.floodfloodvt.挤满 充满(be ed with)On 11.11ShoppingFestival,the shopping mall was flooded with many people.复习复习flood withflood intoa flood of 他收到了大量的信翻译 He r

37、eceived a flood of letters.房间里充斥着金色的 温暖的阳光The room is flooded with gold and warm sunlight.The river broke through its banks,_(flood)the country for many miles around.练习（难）floodingThe heavy rain has caused floodsfloods in many parts of the country,especially in Anhui province.The government had to ta

38、ke emergencyemergency action to put off college entrance examinationemergencyemergencyn.紧急事件/紧急事故【C】a.紧急的emergency exit紧急出口紧急措施emergency action应急物资emergency supplies处于紧急状态in an emergency Anyhow,next time we are on vacation,if you have _ emergency like this,you should call us.练习（难）an他明天去参加一个紧急会议翻译He

39、is to attend an emergency meeting tomorrowWith the aid of police,students managed to arrive at the examination room aidaidn.帮助（比help正式）with the aid of/with ones aid 在帮助下为了帮助in aid of aidaidn.援助；救援物资【U】emergency aid紧急援助急救first aid（无冠词）aidaidvt.帮助 援助（比help正式）aid sb in doing帮助某人做帮助某人某事aid/help sb with

40、sthThey collected money _aid of the people who lost their homes.练习inMrs.Coxen _(aidaid)in looking after the homeless children by her friends last year.It was Johns quick action and knowledge of first aid _ saved Ms.Slades life.练习was aidedthat在老师的帮助下，我最终通过了考试翻译With the aid of teacher,I finally passed

41、 the examStudents were not affected by the flood.Instead,they were calmed and finally got great grades.calmcalma.镇定的；（天气）无风的；（海面）风平浪静的keep/stay/remain calm 保持镇定calmcalmvt/vi镇定（+down)calm down 使保持镇定calm down 保持镇定近义词辨析近义词辨析近义词近义词区别区别calmquietstillsilent(人）镇定的；（天气）无风的；（海面）风平浪静的安静的（没有吵闹声 噪声）；（人）文静的静止不动的

42、（保持一个姿势）（人）沉默不语；（环境）不喧闹quietsilentstillcalm当你陷入麻烦时，最重要的是要保持冷静The most important thing is to_翻译keep calm when you get into troubleearthquakeIn less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.in ruins.ruinruinn.毁坏【U】；废墟 残桓断壁【PL】in ruins破败不堪衰落；败落fall into ruinruinruinvt.破坏 摧毁 糟蹋（不能恢复）ruin ones fitness/f

43、ame/future毁掉某人的康/荣誉/前途*damagedestroyruin*Years of fighting have left the area in ruin.改错ruin改为ruinsMany people were buried under the _（ruin）ruins练习当战争结束的时候，整座城市成为一片废墟。(at an end,ruin)翻译When the war was at an end,the whole city was in ruins.Thanks to regular practice,all the students in Sang Zao surv

44、ived the earthquake.survivesurvivevi.幸存（无被动）；从（困难）中渡过survive the earthquake/accidentsurvive the severe wintersurvivorn.幸存者【C】n.幸存【U】survivalsurvivesurvivevi.幸存（无被动）；从（困难）中渡过survivesurvivev.比某人多活(survive sb by+时间）He survived his husband by ten years.Wolves have two layers(层)of fur,which allow them _(

45、survive)in temperatures as low as minus 40 degrees Celsius!After burying her,he left the disaster-hit area with another _(survive).Doctors say her chances of _(survive)are good.练习to survivesurvivorsurvivalUnfortunately,there were many persons were buried.were buried.buryin把埋到里专心致志于be buried inbury o

46、neself inburyburyvt.埋藏；掩藏；覆盖；遮盖vt.陷入（感情）since he took over the project,he _（一直埋头于他的工作）。翻译has been buried in his worksince he took over the project,he _（一直埋头于他的工作）。翻译has been buried in his workWhen I came in,he _(bury)in reviewing his lessons in his study.练习was buried _(bury)himself in the book,he didnt notice the sound._(bury)in the book,he didnt notice the sound.练习（难）Burying Buried