Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures定语从句讲解(ppt课件)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Welcome to my class!Su Bingtian runs fast.Su Bingtian is an athlete.Su Bingtian who/that is an athlete runs fast.who/that先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Su Bingtian who/that is an athlete runs fast.Discussion:1.定语从句的作用定语从句的作用?2.关系词的作用关系词的作用?修饰修饰 限定先行词限定先行词1.连接主句，从句连接主句，从句2.指代先行词指代先行词3.在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分introduce

2、the pictures Tokyo Olympics finally opened on July 23,2021.Tokyo Olympics was put off for a year.which/that指物指物 从句中作主语从句中作主语 which/that合成：合成：Tokyo Olympics which/that was put off for a year finally opened on July 23,2021 The medals have been given to winners at Olympics.The Japan Olympic Committee d

3、esigned the medals.which/that指物指物 从句中作宾语从句中作宾语 which/that/省略省略合成：合成：The medals which/that/省略省略 the Japan Olympic Committee designed have been given to winners at Olympics.Su Bingtian brought glory to our country.He broke the record at Tokyo Olympics who/that指人指人 从句中作主语从句中作主语 who/that合成：合成：Su Bingtia

4、n who/that broke the record at Tokyo Olympics brought glory to our country.Guo Jingjing was a famous diving player.the Olympic Committee chose her as the judge of the diving competitions.who/whom/that指人指人 从句中作宾语从句中作宾语 who/whom/that/省省合成：合成：Guo Jingjing was a famous diving player who/whom/that/省略省略 t

5、he Olympic Committee chose as the judge of the diving competitions.Guo Jingjing was a famous diving player.I learned a lot from her.whom指人指人 从句中作介词的宾语从句中作介词的宾语 whom合成：合成：Guo Jingjing was a famous diving player from whom I learned a lot.Quan Hongchan won the competition.Quan Hongchans age is 14.whose

6、合成：合成：Quan Hongchan whose age is 14 won the competition.The Tokyo Olypmics were held without audiences The Tokyo Olypmics opening ceremony caused much discussion whose whose 指指“物的物的”从句中作定语从句中作定语 合成：合成：The Tokyo Olypmics whose opening ceremony caused much discussion were held without audiences.先行词先行词

7、在从句中充当在从句中充当关系代词关系代词人人主主 who/that 宾宾 who/that/whom/省略省略物物(包括表时间，地点，原因的名包括表时间，地点，原因的名词词)主主which/that 宾宾 which/that/省略省略人和物人和物 主，宾主，宾that 人或物的人或物的定语定语 whose先行词先行词1.I know a girl who _(like)red.先行词先行词2.Jim reads books which_(be)fun.先行词先行词 3.Do you know the things and persons that they _(be)talking abou

8、t?先行词先行词从句中的谓语动词形式从句中的谓语动词形式likes areare定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致The mp4 that _ been given to me is home-made.(have)I,who _ your classmate,will share the work with you.(be)关系代词做从句的主语时，关系代词做从句的主语时，从句从句的的谓语谓语动动词的人称和数要与先行词词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致保持一致，先行，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形词是句子时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形式。式。Learn to practice1.To

9、m is one of the boys that _(be)from the USA.2.Tom is the only boy that_(be)from the USA.areis【注意注意】He is one of the students who _ made great progress.Mr Wang is the only one of my friends who _ been invited to have dinner with us.(have)one of+复数名词作先行词时，从句的复数名词作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数形式。但若形式。但若one前有前

10、有 the（only）the（just）the（very）修饰时，从句的谓语动词用修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数单数形式形式Step Two.Use attributive clause(定语从句定语从句)to introduce your favorite university,singers,or teachers.1.is my favorite university which/that _ whose _ students are excelletteach well 2.is my favorite singer who/whom/that_ whose _ handsome 帅气帅

11、气 talented 有才有才 3.is my favorite teacher who/whom/that_ whose_handsome 帅气帅气 talented 有才有才students are excelletteach wellwho sings well whose voice is specialmake your choicewhose songs are written by herself.is my favorite singer who/that whose.Favorite teachersfrom whom I learn a lot who/whom I res

12、pect 2021 is a special year.A lot of events happened in the year.whichwhen 合成：合成：2021 is a special year when a lot of events happened.It is a glorious occasion（时刻）（时刻）for Eliud Kipchoge The gold medal was awarded to him at the closing ceremony on that occasion.whichwhen合成：合成：It is a glorious occasio

13、n（时刻）（时刻）for Eliud Kipchoge when the gold medal was awarded to him at the closing ceremony This is Japan National Stadium.The opening ceremony was held in National Stadium.whichwhere合成：合成：This is Japan National Stadium where the opening ceremony was held.The Covid-19 pandemic has reached to a stage

14、The Tokyo Olympics had to be held without audienceson that stage.whichwhere合成：合成：The Covid-19 pandemic has reached to a stage where the Tokyo Olympics had to be held without audiences.The reason was that he made great efforts to practice.Ma Long won the award for that reason.whichwhy合成：合成：The reason

15、 why Ma Long won the award was that he made great efforts to practice.先行词先行词在从句中充当在从句中充当关系副词关系副词时间时间 地点或地点或stage,point stage,point situation,scene,situation,scene,case,activitycase,activity等抽等抽象的地点名词象的地点名词 原因原因 1.I came to Ding Zhou high school that day _ I would never forget.2.He failed the exam fo

16、r some reasons_ he explained to me yesterday.3.Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three days ago.结论：结论：是先行词在从句中充当的是先行词在从句中充当的成分成分决定关系词，决定关系词，而不是先行词本身！而不是先行词本身！Step Five.Use attributive clause(定语从句定语从句)to introduce somethig.1.is my most memorable occasion(时刻)/day/year when/(介词介词+whic

17、h)2.is my favorite city where/(介词介词+which)3.My study in high school have reached the stage where/(介词介词+which)4.My relationship with best friend has reached the stage where/(介词介词+which)_ 5.is the reason why/(for+which)I _只用只用 that that 情况情况1.1.当先行词是当先行词是all/much/little/few/something/anything all/much

18、/little/few/something/anything/everything/nothing/none/everything/nothing/none等不定代词的时候，在定语从句中，先行词只等不定代词的时候，在定语从句中，先行词只能用能用that.that.2.2.当先行词前面有当先行词前面有all/no/little/few/anyall/no/little/few/any等修饰时，只能用关系代词等修饰时，只能用关系代词thatthat。3.3.当先行词被当先行词被the/only/the last/the verythe/only/the last/the very修饰的时候，定语从

19、句只能用修饰的时候，定语从句只能用thatthat。4.4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，关系词只能用当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，关系词只能用thatthat。5.5.当先行词被最高级修饰时，只能用当先行词被最高级修饰时，只能用thatthat做关系代词。做关系代词。6.6.当先行词既有人又有物时，只能用关系代词当先行词既有人又有物时，只能用关系代词thatthat。只用只用 which which 情况情况1 1、在介词后面的关系代词用在介词后面的关系代词用whichwhich而不能用而不能用thatthat。即。即“介词介词+which+which（代（代物）物）”。2 2、在非

20、限定性定语从句中用在非限定性定语从句中用whichwhich，不能用，不能用thatthat。3 3、有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已有、有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已有whichwhich，另一个宜用，另一个宜用thatthat。相。相反，如果其中一个为反，如果其中一个为thatthat，另一个宜用，另一个宜用whichwhich。4 4、those+those+复数名词之后，多用复数名词之后，多用which which。5 5、whichwhich用作疑问代词时，在特殊疑问句中用作宾语或主语。用作疑问代词时，在特殊疑问句中用作宾语或主语。6 6、whichwhich 指代前边的整句话

21、指代前边的整句话只用只用 who who情况情况1.1.先行词是先行词是one,ones one,ones 或者或者 anyone anyone时，时，先行词为先行词为thosethose，或被，或被thosethose修饰修饰时，指人时。时，指人时。2 2、只指人，并且在从句中充当主语只指人，并且在从句中充当主语the man who is a new one has rent a flat in the downtown of New the man who is a new one has rent a flat in the downtown of New York.York.3.3.

22、在非限定性定语从句中作主语，并指人时。在非限定性定语从句中作主语，并指人时。1.【2016北京】I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.A.whose B.why C.where D.which2.【2010湖南】Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.A.who B.where C.when D.which3.【20

23、12重庆】Sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills.A.which B.that C.when D.where4.【2016天津】We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_ the weather may be better.A.that B.where C.which D.when5.【2010山东】Wind power is an ancient source of energy，_ w

24、e may return in the near future.A.on which B.by which C.to which D.from whichAADDC6.【2011安徽】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,_ it will keep for two or three weeks.A.when B.which C.where D.while7.【2012天津】I wish to thank Professor Smith,without _ help I would never have got this

25、far.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which8.【2012江西】By 16:30,_ was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold.A.which B.when C.what D.that9.【2014天津】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,_ uses it differently.A.all of which B.each of which C.all of them D.each of them10.【2014

26、浙江】I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade,_ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.A.when B.where C.which D.whyCBABA11.【2011天津】The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A.when B.that C.where D.which12.【2012江苏】After the flood

27、ing,people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A.which B.who C.where D.what 13.【2013浙江】The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.whatB.where C.when D.why14.【

28、2013江西】He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.A.what B.which C.where D.how15.【2010福建】Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually.A.that B.where C.which D.whoseBBBAC16.【2017天津】My eldest son,_ work takes him all over

29、the world,is in New York at the moment.A.that B.whose C.his D.who17.【2015湖南】It is a truly delightful place,_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.A.as B.where C.that D.which18.【2012全国II】That evening,_ I will tell you more about later,I ended

30、up working very late.A.that B.which C.what D.when19.【2016江苏】Many young people,most _were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A.of whichB.of themC.of whomD.of those20.【2016浙江】Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of _ has been proved.A.

31、whom B.which C.what D.thatBBBDC21.【2011陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,_ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A.which B.where C.who D.that22.【2012安徽】A lot of language learning,_ has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their chi

32、ldren during that period.A.as B.it C.which D.this23.【2017江苏】In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A.which B.its C.whose D.whom24.【2013辽宁】He may win the competition,_he is likely to get into the national team.Ain which case Bin that case C

33、in what case Din whose case25.【2012湖南】Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.A.what B.in what C.which D.in whichBADAC26.【2012四川】In our class there are 46 students,_ half wear glasses.A.in whom B.in them C.of whom D.of them27.【2019天津】Their child is

34、 at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.what28.【2015天津】The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.A.where B.whichC.whenD.who29.【2014湖南】I am looking forward to the day_ my daughter can read this book

35、and know my feelings for her.A.asB.whyC.when D.where30.【2014江苏】The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work_a good impression is a must.A.which B.when C.as D.where31.【2019江苏】We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.A.which B.what C.when D.thatCCDBAC