Unit 4Discovering Useful Structures (ppt课件)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、UNIT 4NATURAL DISASTERSDiscovering Useful StructuresGrammarDont forget the things that once you owned.Treasure the things that you cant get.Dont give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.Understand attribute and attributive clauseAppreciate the sentences below and tr

2、anslate them into Chinese.曾经拥有的曾经拥有的,不要忘记。不要忘记。得不到得不到的，更要珍惜。的，更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。Understand attribute and attributive clauseUnderline the attribute(定语定语)in the sentences.1.Strange things were happening in the countryside.2.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.3.Some peop

3、le saw bright lights in the sky.4.More buildings fell down.5.All hope was not lost.6.Fresh water was taken to the city by train,truck and plane.7.The woman in the room is my mother.8.People there are very kind to me.9.The girl with a book in her hand is Mary.10.He is a famous writer who comes from a

4、 small town.Understand attribute and attributive clauseTranslate.这个男人是杰克船长。这个男人是杰克船长。这个男人正在奔跑。这个男人正在奔跑。这个正在奔跑这个正在奔跑的的男人是杰克船长。男人是杰克船长。The man is Captain Jack.The man is running.The man who is running is Captain Jack.Understand attribute and attributive clauseTranslate.一群人正在追赶一个男人。一群人正在追赶一个男人。这个男人叫杰克船

5、长。这个男人叫杰克船长。一群人正在追赶一个叫杰克船长一群人正在追赶一个叫杰克船长的的男人。男人。A group of people is running after a man.The mans name is Captain Jack.A group of people is running after a man whose name is Captain Jack.Understand attribute and attributive clause定语从句的定义 在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词（关系代

6、词和关系副词）。定语从句一般位于先行词后。Language points搭配搭配为某人/某物提供某物题组练领悟方法【词语辨析词语辨析】supply，provide 与与 offer（1）supply 尤指大量供应、供给supply sb.with sth.=supply sth.to sb.（2）provide 强调提供所需之物provide sb.with sth.=provide sth.for sb.I provide him with all his rights.我向他提供了他的所有权利。（3）offer 强调主动提供offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.The

7、y decided to offer Jo the job.他们决定让乔做这个工作。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）At the beginning of the semester，students _（supply）with a list of books that they are expected to read.（2）They will supply us _ technology in support without asking for anything in return.（3）This book will supply some scientific methods _ us i

8、n English learning.（4）Our school library can provide all kinds of good books _ students.（5）Finally，the manager offered a good job _ me.完成句子完成句子（6）This _（给我提供了一个机会）to show my appreciation to my headmistress.（7）We _（提供给无家可归的人）food and clothes.（8）We are short of _（食物供应）.are suppliedwithtofortooffered m

9、e a chanceprovide/supply the homeless withfood supply教材原句p.52Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.她正在给地震中幸存下来的婴儿喂食。2 survive vi.&vt.（1）vi.生存；存活survive on 靠生存下来survive from.从时存活下来/流传下来How do you survive on such a low salary?是如何靠这么低的工资维持生计的？But still，I believe I can survive from this chal

10、lenge.但我仍然相信我能战胜这个挑战。（2）vt.幸存；艰难度过；比活得时间长搭配搭配：survive sb.by.比某人多活The old man has survived his wife.这位长者比他的妻子活得长。He survived his wife at least by 8 years.他比他妻子至少多活了8年。【误区警示误区警示】survive 表示“幸存；幸免于”时为及物动词，其后直接加宾语，不可再加介词in/from/after。【词语积累词语积累】survival n.生存；幸存survivor n.幸存者；生还者搭配搭配单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Some str

11、ange customs have survived _ earlier times.（2）A number of small companies have to fight for _（survive）.（3）Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for _（survivor）in an earthquake.完成句子完成句子（4）He was pretty fortunate that he didnt starve to death，but _（在寒冷的冬天活了下来）.（5）The expert

12、 _（比她的丈夫多活了6 年）.fromsurvivalsurvivorssurvived the cold wintersurvived her husband by six years单元语法定语从句（）关系代词的用法1 定语从句概述（1）定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫作定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。（2）构成：（3）分类：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句（4）关系词关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as关系副词：when，where，why关系代词关系代词先行词先行词在从句中所作的成分在从句中所作的成分that 人、物 主语、宾语wh

13、ich 物主语、宾语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人、物定语as人、物主语、宾语This is the best film（that）I have ever seen for years.这是几年来我看过的最好的一部电影。（that 在从句中作宾语）The river which runs through the center of the city brings us lots of pleasure.流经市中心的那条河给我们带来了很多欢乐。（which 在从句中作主语）The girl who spoke is my best friend.讲话的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。（wh

14、o 在从句中作主语）I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.我有很多朋友，我要给他们寄明信片。（whom 在从句中作宾语）Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.=Id like a room of which the window looks out over the sea.我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。（whose 在定语从句中作window 的定语）As everybody knows，Shakespeare was a famous writer.众

15、所周知，莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。（as 在从句中作宾语）写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词及其在从句中所作的成分写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词及其在从句中所作的成分（1）But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events，were asleep as usual that night._（2）It was felt in Beijing，which is more than two hundred kilometres away._（3）A huge crack that was ei

16、ght kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses，roads and canals._（4）Then，later that afternoon，another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan._先行词：the one million people of the city；关系词：who，在从句中作主语先行词：Beijing；关系词：which，在从句中作主语先行词：a huge crack；关系词：that，在从句中作

17、主语先行词：another big quake；关系词：which，在从句中作主语写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词及其在从句中所作的成分写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词及其在从句中所作的成分（5）The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead._（6）Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed._（7）Our doctor，whom we all liked very much，r

18、etired last week._（8）As is often the case with children，Amy was completely better by the time the doctor arrived._先行词：those；关系词：who，在从句中作主语先行词：survivors；关系词：whose，在从句中作定语先行词：our doctor；关系词：whom，在从句中作liked 的宾语先行词：整个主句Amy was.arrived；关系词：as，在从句中作主语2 关系代词的特殊用法（1）宜用 that 不宜用 which 引导定语从句的情况 当先行词被序数词或形容词

19、最高级修饰时。This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最令人兴奋的电影。当先行词是 all，little，few，much，any 或everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是石油供应。当先行词被 the only，the very，the last，the same 等修饰时。He is the only person that attended the meeting.他是唯一参

20、加这个会议的人。当先行词既包括人又包括物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered.他们谈论着他们记得的人和事。当主句是以 who，which 开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that is standing there?站在那里的人是谁？（2）宜用 which 不宜用 that 引导定语从句的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时。The tree，which is four hundred years old，is very famous here.那棵有着四百年树龄的树在这里是很出名的。当关系代词前有介词时。W

21、e depend on the land from which we get our food.我们依赖土地获得食物。当先行词本身就是 that 时。What was that which he said?他说了些什么？在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一个的关系词是 that，那么另一个的关系词宜用 which。Let me show you the novel that was borrowed from the library which was newly open.让我给你看看那本我从新开放的图书馆里借的小说。（3）宜用 who 不宜用 that 引导定语从句的情况 当先行

22、词是指人的不定代词时，如 one，ones，anyone，no one，nobody，anybody，none，all 等。Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何触犯法律的人都应受到惩罚。在 there be 结构中，先行词指人时。There is a man outside who wants to see you.外面有个人想见你。当先行词是 people 和 those 时。Those who learn not only from the books but also through practice will succeed.从

23、书本和实践中学习的人将会成功。一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that，另一个宜用 who。The student that won first prize is the monitor who works hard.获得第一名的学生是努力学习的班长。单句语法填空并作出简要分析单句语法填空并作出简要分析（1）The first thing _ you should do is call the police right away.（2）Football，_ is an interesting game，is very popular all over

24、the world.（3）This is the most delicious food _ I have ever had.（4）The students you should learn from are those _ graduated from famous universities.（5）All _ can be done has been done.（6）There is a young lady _ is in a state of shock.（7）Tell me everything _ you know.（8）That _ you told him is what we

25、want to know.thatwhichthat不能引导非限制性定语从句that先行词被序数词修饰先行词被形容词最高级修饰who先行词是 those（指人）that先行词是 allwhothere be 结构中，先行词是a young lady（指人）先行词是 everything先行词本身是thatwhichthat（9）Please send us any information _ you have about the subject.（10）People _ want to travel abroad should apply for a passport first.（11）Th

26、e only thing _ she could do was to go to the police for help.（12）This is the very book _ I want to buy.（13）The boy that you met last night is the group leader _ studies very hard.（14）Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things _ upset us.（15）This is the house in _ Mo Yan once lived.（16）Which o

27、f the books _ you bought is the most useful for my writing?that先行词被 any 修饰who先行词是 peoplethat先行词被 the only 修饰that先行词被 the very 修饰whothat一个句子中有两个定语从句且先行词都为人，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用 that，另一个用 who先行词既包括人又包括物which“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词用 which 不用thatthat主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句3 使用定语从句的注意事项（1）关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先

28、行词的数保持一致。The boy who is reading the story is my brother.正在读这个故事的那个男孩是我弟弟。【误区误区警示警示】“one of 复数名词”作先行词，从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of 复数名词”作先行词，从句谓语动词用单数形式。This is one of the rooms that are free now.这是目前空着的房间之一。He is the only one of those workers who is able to do this job.他是那些工人中唯一能做此工作的人。（2）为避免关系词的重复，

29、被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。This is the factory which we visited yesterday.这是我们昨天参观过的工厂。（3）关系代词的省略。关系代词作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不能省略。The service（which/that）the students complain about a lot should be improved.学生们经常抱怨的服务应该改进。Do you remember the factory that was built last year in your hometown?你还记得你家乡去年建的那个工厂吗？作动词宾语的关

30、系代词可以省略。作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略；如果直接位于介词后，则不能省略。It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.他三年前毕业的这所学校是一所著名的学校。关系代词which 在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。This is the house（which）we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house，which we bought last month，is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）单句语法填空单句语法

31、填空（1）The old town has narrow streets and small houses that _（be）built close to each other.（2）Im fond of the piece of music which _（be）popular with the teenagers.（3）He is one of the students who _（have）a good command of French.（4）He is the only one of the students who _（have）a good command of French.

32、areishavehas用用定语从句完成句子定语从句完成句子（5）The suitcase _ is hers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。（6）This is one of the books _ by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书中的一本。（7）He is the only one of the boys in our class _.他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。（8）The film _ is very frightening.昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。（9）We visited the house（that/which）_.We visited the house in _.我们参观了鲁迅曾住过的房子。that/which lies on the groundthat were writtenwho has learned French(that/which)we saw last nightLu Xun once lived inwhich Lu Xun once livedTHE END