Unit 4 Reading for Writing 课文译文及知识点总结(ppt课件)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading for Writing课文译文及知识点课文译文及知识点Reading for Writing1.语言知识：语言知识：sweep,strike,effect,过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作定语，作定语，asas原级比较结构，原级比较结构，when的用法等。的用法等。2.语言技能：学会写概要。语言技能：学会写概要。TSUNAMI HITS ASIA:OVER 6,500 DEAD海啸袭击亚洲：海啸袭击亚洲：6500多人死亡多人死亡 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years c

2、aused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,and at least four other countries.昨日，昨日，4040年来最为强烈的地震引发海年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的其他四个国家的6 6，500500多人死亡。多人死亡

3、。crash into coastlines across Asia重创亚洲沿海地带重创亚洲沿海地带killing more than 6,500 people 现在分词短语作结果状现在分词短语作结果状语语 Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m.,Sunday off the wes

4、t coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island.In that area alone,at least 1,870 people were killed.渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。海啸巨浪由周日上午7：00许发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域的海底地震引发。仅该地区就有至少1，870人死亡。be swept away by huge waves 被巨浪卷走reach a magnitude of达到达到震级震级 off the west coast在西海岸边上在西海岸边上 in that area alone 仅在那个地区仅在那

5、个地区TSUNAMI HITS ASIA:OVER 6,500 DEAD海啸袭击亚洲：海啸袭击亚洲：6500多人死亡多人死亡 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,and at least four other countries.Fishermen,tourist

6、s,hotels,homes,and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m.,Sunday off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island.In that area alone,at least 1,870 people were killed.ho hen here hy hat owWhoMore th

7、an 6,500 people were killed.WhatA powerful tsunami crashed.Wherealong the coastlines across AsiaWhenSunday,26 DecemberWhy caused by a powerful earthquakeHowunexpectedly and terribly新闻的要素新闻的要素 In Sri Lanka,some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre,the number of deaths stood at 2,498,and one mill

8、ion more were affected by the tsunami,government officials said.Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast.Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries.政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1,600千米处，死亡人数高达2，498人，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区有多达1，900人丧生。泰国另有2

9、54人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。stand at:be at a particular level,amount,height,etc 达达特定水平（数量、高度）特定水平（数量、高度）as many as 多达多达（后接（后接数词数词+可数名词复数可数名词复数find+sb+形容词形容词/介词介词/-ing短语短语发现、发觉（处于某状态、发现、发觉（处于某状态、在做某事）在做某事）In southern Thailand,1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing,local officials said.“I was having

10、 breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.We had to leave everything and run to safety,”said Chandra Theeravit,a local Thai woman.当地官员表示，泰国南部有1,900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位妇女钱德拉特拉维说：“当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。”missing：not present after an accident,battle,etc,but not

11、 known to have been killed.（人）失踪的（人）失踪的be doing-when 正在做某事恰恰在此时正在做某事恰恰在此时 Thousands of people are still missing,and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days.Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries.However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads

12、will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.仍有成千上万人失踪，预计未来几仍有成千上万人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还将增加。目前正在为这些天死亡人数还将增加。目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条受灾国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。给将非常困难。be expected to do 预计做某事预计做某事tsunamit-hit countries遭受海啸袭击的国家遭受海啸袭击的国家make it difficult to do sthit 形式宾语

13、，不定式是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语真正的宾语核心词汇 1.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.此次强烈地震的震级高达9.0级，引发的巨浪卷走了渔民、游客、酒店、住房以及汽车。教材 P54 sweep vt.&vi.(swept,swept)打扫；清扫；吹走；冲走；横扫；掠过；打扫；清扫；吹走；冲走；横扫；掠过；风行风行 sweep the dirt into

14、a dustpan 将灰尘扫入簸箕将灰尘扫入簸箕“Red envelope”fever has swept the country.“红包”的热潮已席卷全国。Searchlights are sweeping in the night sky.探照灯正在夜空中扫来扫去。常用搭配 sweep up 打扫；清扫 sweep away 消灭；摧毁；彻底消除 sweep over/across/around 扫视；掠过 sweep through扫过；掠过；风行 Jane was sweeping up the bits of paper and broken glass.All doubts had

15、 long since been swept away.Ninety-mile per hour winds swept across the plains.联想词 sweeper n.清洁工；清扫机 a road sweeper 马路清洁工 a carpet sweeper 地毯清洁器牛刀小试 翻译句子，体会sweep的一词多义。1.A rare snowstorm swept across the region yesterday.2.His eyes swept around the room.3.The wind swept the dead leaves away.昨天一场罕见的暴风

16、雪袭击了该地区。昨天一场罕见的暴风雪袭击了该地区。他把房间扫视了一遍他把房间扫视了一遍。风把枯叶刮走了。风把枯叶刮走了。牛刀小试 翻译句子，体会sweep的一词多义。4.The new dance craze swept through the teenage population.5.A plane swept over our heads.6.A sudden feeling of nostalgia swept all my anger away.新一轮的舞蹈热在青少年中风靡起来。新一轮的舞蹈热在青少年中风靡起来。一架飞机从我们的头顶飞过。一架飞机从我们的头顶飞过。突然的一阵怀旧情绪将我

17、的怒气一扫而光。突然的一阵怀旧情绪将我的怒气一扫而光。2.The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m.,Sunday off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island.该海底地震于星期日上午7点左右在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛的西海岸附近海域爆发。教材 P54 strike(struck,struck/stricken)vi.&vt.突然发生(某种不幸)；(灾难、疾病等)侵袭 A powerful earthquake struck the Italian island of Sicily early this m

18、orning.常用搭配 be struck by.被侵袭 However,many buildings in those areas suffered wind damage or were struck by falling trees during the hurricane.vt.碰撞；撞击 The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.vi.&vt.攻击；突然袭击 Our troop struck the enemy camp at dawn.常用搭配常用搭配 strike at.朝朝打去打去 strike back 回击；反击

19、回击；反击 It strikes at the eagles eye,and then darts away before the eagle can catch it.So we will not only defend ourselves in cyberspace,but also strike back in kind when we are attacked.vt.(使)突然想起；(使)突然想到 If any good idea strikes you,please let me know it in time.常见用法常见用法 It strikes sb that.=It occu

20、rs to sb that.=It hits sb that.某人某人突然想起突然想起 Halfway through the introduction it struck me that I couldnt name a single Keats poem.vi.&n.罢工 In many countries,the police are forbidden to strike.常用搭配常用搭配 be on strike 在罢工在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工举行罢工 联想词联想词 striker n.前锋前锋牛刀小试 一、翻译句子，体会strike的一词多义。1.He struc

21、k the nail with a hammer.2.The killer might strike again.3.A good idea suddenly struck me.4.They are striking for higher pay.他用锤子敲打着钉子。他用锤子敲打着钉子。杀手可能会再次突袭。杀手可能会再次突袭。我突然想到了一个好主意。我突然想到了一个好主意。他们正在为更高的工资而罢工。他们正在为更高的工资而罢工。牛刀小试牛刀小试 二、在空白处填入二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。式。1.The tower of the ch

22、urch _(strike)by lightning last night.2.The electricity workers have been _strike for several weeks.3.He fell,_(strike)his head on the table.was struckon striking 三、根据汉语意思完成句子。1.这个地区过去风沙猖獗。The area used to _ _ raging sandstorms.2.她突然意识到失去公司或许是她最不用担心的一件事。_ _ _ _losing the company might be the least o

23、f her worries.3.空中交通管制员威胁要举行罢工。Air traffic controllers are threatening to _ _.be struck byIt struck/strikes her thatgo on strike 3.What are the possible effects of the disaster?effect n.影响；结果；效果，效应；作用影响；结果；效果，效应；作用 One of the effects of this illness is that you may lose your hair.Its not to say the

24、more sports they do,the better.Unscientific exercise may have opposite effects.Its effect on the environment is a major concern.常用搭配常用搭配 have an/no/much/little effect on.对对有有/没有没有/有很大有很大/几乎没有影响几乎没有影响 cause and effect 因果因果(关系关系)side effect(s)(药物等的药物等的)副作用副作用 take effect开始起作用；见效开始起作用；见效 take effect/co

25、me to effect 生效；开始实施生效；开始实施 Best of all,humor raises your energy,and that can have an effect on everything you do at school,at work,or in your personal life.The rise of a nation does not happen by chance;you cant ignore the rules of cause and effect.Under the UNESCO Constitution,the US withdrawal to

26、ok effect on 31December，2018.New controls come into effect next month.联想词联想词 effective adj.有效的；实际的有效的；实际的 ineffective adj.无效的无效的 effectively ado.有效地；实际上有效地；实际上 易混词易混词 affect t.影响；影响；(疾病疾病)侵袭；深深打动侵袭；深深打动 How much do your kindergarten teachers and classmates affect the rest of your life?你幼儿园的老师和同学对你的余

27、生有多大影响？牛刀小试 一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词度括号内单词的正确形式。1.What the teacher say sand does always has a great effect _his students.2.The law will come _effect at the start of October.3.This trend has had some unintended side _（effect）such as overweight and heart disease.4.They have reduced pollution through _(effect)m

28、easures.5.I cant balance work and home duties_(effect).on intoeffectseffectively 二、翻译句子。1.母亲的行为对成长中的孩子有深远的影响。(have an effect on)2.交通法要到年底才生效。(take effect/come into effect)3.她的意见不会影响我的决定。(affect)4.Everything has its cause and effect;do not blame bad luck.The mothers behaviour has a profound effect on

29、 the growing children.The traffic laws dont take effect come into effect until the end of the year.Her opinion will not affect my decision.凡事必有其因果，不要归咎于运气不好。凡事必有其因果，不要归咎于运气不好。句型探究句型探究 1.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reache

30、d a magnitude of 9.0.【句意】此次强烈地震的震级高达9.0级，引发的巨浪卷走了渔民、游客、酒店、住房以及汽车。主主 语语谓语谓语过去分词作定语修饰过去分词作定语修饰wavesthat 引导的定语从句修饰引导的定语从句修饰earthquake句型探究句型探究 知识拓展知识拓展 过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作定语作定语 过去分词(短语)作定语有前置和后置两种情况。(1)前置定语 单个的过去分词，往往是及物动词的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的过去分词一般作前置定语，不表被动，只表完成。表示被动意义 The injured workers

31、 are now being taken good care of in the hospital.表示完成意义 a retired teacher They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.(2)后置定语 过去分词(短语)作后置定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has ever been written).Who were the so-called guests invited(=who ha

32、d been invited)to your party last night?牛刀小试牛刀小试 一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.The student _(absorb)in the games on the phone didnt notice his teacher behind him.2.There was a sudden burst oflight _(follow)by a terrible noise.二、翻译句子。1.这座1990年建的楼是我们的图书馆。2.这是冰心写的一本书。absorbedfollowedThe building built in 1990 i

33、s our library.This is a book written by Bing Xin.2.一Indian officials said as many as 1900 had been killed along the southern coast.【句意】印度官员称，印度南部沿海地区多达1，900人遇难。知识拓展知识拓展:as.as.原级比较结构原级比较结构 基本用法：as+adj./adv.+as.和一样 His handwriting is as beautiful as mine.I can speak English as fluently as a native spe

34、aker.否定形式：not as/so+adj./ado.+as表示前者不如后者 I am not as/so busy as I used to be.加名词时：as+adj.+(a/an+)n.+as We have produced as many cars as we did last year.The mobile phone is as useful a tool as the computer.牛刀小试牛刀小试 根据汉语意思完成句子。1.他篮球打得和我一样好。He plays basketball as_ as me.2.他的建议不如我的有价值。His suggestion is

35、 not _valuable as mine.3.人们普遍认为，教学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。It is generally believed that teaching is as much_ art as it is a science.wellas/soan 3.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.【句意】我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，突然海水开始涌进我家。主语谓语宾语宾语状语状语时间状语从句时间状语从句 知识拓展知识拓展 when的用法的用法 be doing-

36、when.意为意为“正在做正在做这时这时(突然突然)”，该句型中该句型中when不可以换成不可以换成while，when引导的从句多为一般过去时。引导的从句多为一般过去时。其他相关句型有：be on the point of doing sth when.正准备做某事，这时正准备做某事，这时(突突然然)be about to do sth when.正准备做某事，这时正准备做某事，这时(突然突然)had(just)done sth when.刚做完某事，这时刚做完某事，这时(突然突然)She was on the point of going out when the telephone ra

37、ng.她正要出去，这时电话铃响了。He was about to light up a cigarette when his wife came in.他正准备点烟，这时候他的妻子进来了。We were just about to leave when Jerry arrived.我们正要离开的时候，杰里来了。He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他录入一封信。We had just arrived home when the rain poured down

38、.我们刚到家，这时候下起了倾盆大雨。牛刀小试牛刀小试 一、翻译句子。1.我们正在做饼干，这时有人敲门。2.我正要交论文，这时我注意到了一处错误。二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.We were taking an exam the lights _went out.2.He_(walk)along the street when he came across an old friend.We were baking cookies/biscuits when someone knocked at/on the door.I was about to hand in/on

39、 the point of handing in my paper when I noticed a mistake.whenwas walking概要写作 概要写作是对阅读理解和写作的综合考查，需要学生在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心、体裁和结构的前提下，用精简的语句高度概括文章的主要内容和观点。考试中的概要写作一般提供350词左右的短文，以说明文和议论文为主，要求学生根据短文写出一篇60词左右的概要。1.写作步骤(1)仔细阅读并理解文章大意；(2)从宏观角度抓住主题句，忽略次要信息；(3)运用自己的语言高度概括文章，形成全文的概要。2.写作中语言表达的注意事项(1)要准确运用词汇和

40、语法结构：巧妙运用英语中常用的高分表达，如定语从句、强调句、非谓语动词等。(2)有效使用逻辑关系词，保证上下文的连贯性。常见的逻辑词有：并列关系：and,or,also,too,as well(也)，both.and.,either.or.(或者或者)等 递进关系：whats more(而且)，besides(除此以外)，in addition(此外)，furthermore/moreover(再者)，not only.but also.(不但而且)等 转折关系：but,however,though等 先后顺序关系：first,second,first of all,to begin with

41、,finally,last but not least等 因果关系：because,because of,owing to(因为),due to(由于)，as a result of(由于)，therefore,consequently(结果)，as a result(结果)，thus/therefore(所以)等归纳总结：on the whole(总体来说),in a word/in conclusion/in summary/in short(总之)等.(3)保证语言表达的独立性，学会通过同义转换、句子重构等方法用自己的语言概括原文的主题句。例如：a tsunami that crashe

42、d into coastlines across Asia 中crashed into 可以换成hit government officials said 中said 可以换成described/stated Thousands of people are still missing 中 missing 可以换成 lost the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher 中is expected 可以换成 is predicted (3)保证语言表达的独立性，学会通过同义转换、句子重构等方法用自己的语言概括原文的主题句。例如：killi

43、ng more than 6,500 people 可以改写成 with more than 6,500 people killed However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.可以改写成However,it is difficult to deliver food and supplies because of/owing to/due to dangerous conditions and damaged.roads.模拟演练模拟演练 阅

44、读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Speed is very important in avalanche(雪崩)rescues.There will be narrow chances to escape if a skier is buried for 30 minutes or more.Now that 30 minutes can mean the difference between life and death for a skier lost on a snowy mountain,most people would depend on life-saving

45、dogs.Noble works as a rescue team member in a vacation land,California.He tells us,Dogs run fastest when an accident happens.His partner Wylee,a life-saving dog,can search an accident scene the size of a football field.It only needs 5 to 10 minutes.However,5rescue team members have to spend a couple

46、 of hours in the same area.Apart from its excellent speed,Noble chooses Wylee as his partner partly because it weighs only about half what other kinds of dogs weigh.Rescue team members have to carry their dogs to search sites in addition to carrying60.pound backpacks with food,water and other equipm

47、ent.The dogs need the lift so that they dont get tired before they start working.There arent adequate data on how often dogs take part in avalanche searches or how often they are able to help local people in danger.But the dogs dont save many people.Thats because there arent many to save.A quarter o

48、f people in danger die from serious injuries before the snow stops moving.Of those buried who arent killed by injuries,half die within 20 minutes.If there is a chance of rescue,though,the dogs also cut search time for the remains.Erica Mueller,a famous director,wanted to see how the life-saving dogs

49、 worked,so she volunteered to spend part of an hour in a roomy snow cave waiting to be found.She was armed with a radio and was wearing several layers to stay warm.After being rescued by Wylee,she said,“I cant talk like a survivor,but it was definitely a cool way to see how well trained those dogs a

50、re.”【参考范文】Life-saving dogs are of vital importance and help in avalanche rescues due to their excellent speed.(要点1)In addition,another advantage of life-saving dogs is their lightweight.(要点2)Nonetheless,the number of people rescued is not large owing to serious injuries and limited time.(要点3)However