英语基础语法名词和代词 (ppt课件)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、第一节 名词和代词名词1.名词的分类2.单数复数3.名词所有格4.主谓一致名词分类专有名词&普通名词可数名词&不可数名词专有名词1.专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称2.专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写Beijing，the Peoples Republic of China3.专有名词如含有普通名词的短语，必须用定冠词thethe Great Wall4.姓氏名采用复数形式，表该姓氏一家人the Greens普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称family，man，foot可数名词和不可数名词1.可数名词是可以用数词进行计数的2.不可数名词是不可以用数词进行计数的可数名词变复数的

2、方法1.单数名词词尾加s2.s,o,x,sh.ch结尾加esclasses boxes【注】：少数以o结尾的词，变复数时只加s photos pianos 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i，再加es families，cities 4.以f或fe结尾的名词，变成f或fe为v，再加es lifelivesChapter twoMilk or coffee?5.可数名词变复数形式的不规则变化1）有些名词复数有不规则变化需特殊记忆a manmena womanwomena toothteetha footfeeta childchildrena goosegeese（鹅）a mouse mic

3、e(老鼠）an oxoxen（牛）2）有些名词单复数形式相同如：fish，deer，sheep，Chinese。注：fish 虽有复数形式，但其复数不表示数量，而表示种类。名词所有格1.表示所属关系，相当于物主代词2.在句中作定语、宾语或主语1)表示人或者其他有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s.Childrens Day my sisters book2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加 Teachers Day3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词，在词尾加stodays newspaper ten minutes break名词所有格4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名

4、词，一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。a fine daughter of the Party 党的好女儿名词所有格5)s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺my aunts 我阿姨家the doctors 诊所名词所有格6)两人共有某物时，可以采用A and Bs 的形式Lucy and Lilys bedroom路西和丽丽合住的卧室名词所有格7)双重所有格：of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一位朋友a friend of mine 我的一位朋友主谓一致1)主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。The computer was

5、a great invention.计算机是个了不起的发明。The water in the glass is very cold.玻璃杯里的水很凉。主谓一致2)集体名词做主语如family，class，team，group等表示整体概念，谓语用单数形式Class Three is a very good class。三班是好班。主谓一致表示其中的所有成员谓语动词用复数形式Class Three have a map of China.三班有张中国地图。主谓一致3）Chinese，Japanese，fish，sheep，people等表示单个谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓语用复数There is

6、a sheep in the yard.There are some sheep in the yard.主谓一致4）有s结尾，但不是复数，谓语用单数The news is very exciting.主谓一致5）glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词常用复数形式，谓语用复数The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.裤子很便宜，我想买。主谓一致6）a lot of跟可数名词复数时用复数形式跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式A lot of students are playing baseball n

7、ow.A lot of time was wasted on that work.主谓一致7）and连接两个名词做主语时，谓语多用复数但两个名词构成一个整体事物时，谓语则用单数The teacher and his son are picking apples now.Fish and chips is very famous food.主谓一致8）There be就近原则There is a table and four chairs in the room.主谓一致9）用bothand连接两个事物做主语时，谓语一般用复数。Both you and I are required to be

8、here tomorrow.主谓一致10）主语中有with的短语时，谓语单复数由with之前的人或物决定。A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road.主谓一致11）eitheror或者neithernor连接两个人物做句子主语时，谓语就近原则。Either you or he is right.Neither you nor I am going there.主谓一致12）表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时，谓语一般用单数。Two months is not a short time.Two t

9、housand kilometers is quite a long distance.主谓一致13）主语中含有half of/(three quarters)of./all(of)the等词语时，谓语的单复数由名词决定Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.A third of the students were playing near the lake.就近原则5个1.there be2.neithernor3.eitheror4.not onlybut also5.notbut就远原则9个

10、as well as;(together/along)with;rather than;expect;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from就远原则9个The president of the college,together with the deans is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulationsAll students,including Tom,are leaving.总结名词名词的分类单数变复数名词所有格主谓一致代词分类代词

11、人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词关系代词疑问代词连接代词不定代词人称代词主格宾格主/宾格顺序itChapter twoMilk or coffee?代 词人称代词人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单 数I memyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfItItIts-Itself复 数theythemtheirtheirsthem

12、selves人称代词人称代词代替人和事物的名称，分为主格和宾格两种形式1.主格：用来作句子的主语、表语Are they from Brazil?Where have you gone?Its he!人称代词2.宾格：用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语Who teaches you English this year?We often write letters to her.人称代词3.人称代词作表语或放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后，可用主格形式/宾格形式。Who is it?Its I/me.人称代词4.人称代词顺序：youheIBoth he and I are working at t

13、hat computer company.Who will go there?You and me.人称代词5.it指人/指物表示时间、天气、温度、距离、情况等含义作形式主语/宾语：替代作主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或名词性从句。Whats the weather like today?Its fine.人称代词主格宾格主/宾格顺序it物主代词1.形容词性物主代词2.名词性物主代词3.双重所有格物主代词物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词1.形容词性物主代词：作名词的修饰语，后跟名词。Is that your umbrella?I often go to see my aunt on Sundays

14、.They are their books.Chapter twoMilk or coffee?代 词人称代词人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单 数I memyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfItItIts-Itself复 数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves物主代词2.名词性物主代词相当于名词，既

15、代替事物又表明所属关系在句子作主语，宾语或表语后面不可以跟名词This is your cup,but where is mine?Your classroom is very big,but ours is rather small.物主代词双重所有格：of+名词性物主代词A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.My friend came to see me yesterday.物主代词1.形容词性物主代词2.名词性物主代词3.双重所有格反身代词1.作宾语2.作同位语反身代词反身代词：表示。自己1.反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射。（指一个动作回到

16、该动作执行者本身）Dont play with the knife,you might hurt yourself.反身代词2.在句子中作同位语表示强调（即用来强调名词或代词）The story itself is good.Only he didnt tell it well.指示代词1.单数2.复数3.含义指示代词1.单数2.复数3.含义指示代词指示代词：指说明近处或远处、上文或下文、以前或现在的人或事物。单数单数复数复数含义含义this这个these这些指较近的人和物that那个those那些指较远的人和物such这样的人/物指上文提过的人和物same同样的人/物指和上文提过的相同的人和

17、物it这人/这物指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时指示代词指示代词：主语，宾语，表语，定语That model plane is made of plastic.Remember never to do such things.Do the same as the teacher tells you.关系代词who/which/that/whomwho/whomwhichthat关系代词关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词1.关系代词who,which,that,whom在从句中担任一定的成分起连接作用The student who is drawing a picture is in Grad

18、e One.关系代词2.关系代词who/whom指人Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat?关系代词2.关系代词which指物Have you found the book which you lost several days age?关系代词2.关系代词that又能指人,又能指物Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank?关系代词who/which/that/whomwho/whomwhichthat连接代词连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称

19、连接代词。英语中连接代词有：what什么/who谁/whom谁/which哪个/whose谁的不定代词1.单数2.复数3.不可数4.复合不定代词5.混淆不定代词12组不定代词不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。在句中作主语宾语表语定语和状语。1.单数some,any,no,none,each,every,one,neither,so,the other,another不定代词2.不可数much,little,a little,all3.复数many,few,a few,ones,both,others,the others不定代词4.复合不定代词something，someone，somebodyanything，anyone，anybodynothing，nobody，no oneeverything，everyone，everybody代词分类代词人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词关系代词疑问代词连接代词不定代词