Welcome Unit-Discovering Useful Structures-(ppt课件) -2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Welcome UnitDiscovering Useful Structures句子成分及八种基本句型Nothing is difficult to a willing heart.句子成分主语谓语表语宾语宾语补足语定语状语同位语01主语1.主语(subject)主语表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。Researchers are hoping to find a cure for the disease.I registered the car in my name.To see is to believe.Cycling and b

2、oating are my favorite free time interests.Who is to be in charge of the company has not been decided.Seven-tenth of the earth surface is covered with water.名词代词动词不定式动名词主语从句数词02谓语2.谓语(verb)谓语用来说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。He practices running every morning.Tom should give the ticket to you yes

3、terday.All of us laughed.复合谓语简单谓语简单谓语03表语3.表语(predicative)表语用来表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，与系动词一起构成句子的谓语。He looks very angry.His job is looking after sheep.My favorite attraction is the Great Wall.The Forbidden City is at the centre of Beijing.The greatest happiness is to wor

4、k for the happiness of all.My belief is that our country will become stronger and stronger.表语从句动词不定式短语形容词短语动名词短语名词介词短语04宾语4.宾语(object)宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词（短语）的后面，一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。He wrote many plays.Call me any time.I decide to pick up a new foreign language.Do you

5、mind passing me the dictionary?Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.宾语从句动词不定式短语名词短语动名词短语代词05宾语补足语5.宾语补足语(object complement)有些及物动词（短语）带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。He has proved himself an experienced teacher.Whe

6、n we got there,we found the injured unconscious and bleeding.My mother always keeps everything in good order.The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.I heard the telephone ringing.名词短语形容词介词短语动词不定式短语现在分词Option 0406定语6.定语(attributive)定语是用来修饰或限定名词或代词的，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。Thes

7、e are apple trees.Its an impressive story.We went to a lecture on Italian art.The female designer who is from the USA made a deep impression on us.They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.名词形容词介词短语过去分词定语从句07状语7.状语(adverbial)状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。Im very p

8、leased to see you.Ill be back in a while.When she was 12 years old,she began to live in Dalian.Having had a quarrel with his wife,he left home in a bad temper.副词介词短语现在分词短语状语从句08同位语8.同位语(appositive)若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。We students should study haard.Professor Wang,a famous scienti

9、st,will give us a talk tomorrow.即时演练即时演练写出下列句子中画线部分所作的成分。写出下列句子中画线部分所作的成分。(1)The exchange students are celebrating the Christmas.(2)My duty is to make our environment better.(3)The children are swimming in the swimming pool.(4)I was glad to see the child well taken care of.(5)The building designed b

10、y her is beautiful.(6)A lot of green lands have been opened to the public.(7)Scientists are carrying out experiments to test the effectiveness of the new drug.表语主语状语宾补定语谓语宾语八种基本句型八种基本句型1.主语+谓语（S+V）2.主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）3.主语+系动词+表语（S+L+P）4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）6.主语+谓语+状语（S+V

11、+Ad）7.主语+谓语+宾语+状语（S+V+O+Ad）8.there be 句型1.主语+谓语（S+V）这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语），其后面不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词（短语）有：rise,come,go,take place,come true等。Class begins.The sun is rising.The little boy is crying.2.主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）该句型中的动词（短语）都是及物动词（短语），可作宾语的有名词（短语）、代词、动词-ing形式、不定式（to do）或宾语从句。She likes English.You m

12、ust listen to me.3.主语+系动词+表语（S+L+P）be动词和become是常见的系动词，后面必须接表语，说明主语“是”“变成”的意思。其他系动词有：表象系动词（appear/look/seem 看起来）变化系动词（get/go/grow/turn 变得）持续系动词（keep/remain 仍然）感官系动词（feel/sound/taste/smell 摸起来/听上去/尝起来/闻起来）He became a teacher.This is all we have.Mountains look more beautiful from a distance.4.主语+谓语+间接宾

13、语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）通常情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，但有时根据强调需要，间接宾语可置于直接宾语后，这时要在间接宾语前加to或for。这类动词有bring,give,offer,promise,show,lend等。I bought John a birthday gift.My mother gave a piece of cake to the boy.温馨提示：(1)give、tell、teach、write、bring、lend、hand、show、offer、send、pay、pass、allow、return等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。(2)buy、d

14、o、get、fetch、save、make、sing、choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语。5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）在某些及物动词(短语)后面，要用一个“宾语+宾补”才能表达完整的意思。宾语与宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。I made the room warm last night.I heard him singing in the room.6.主语+谓语+状语（S+V+Ad）状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)。His father has gone abroad.They talked for half an hour.The

15、 time passed quickly.7.主语+谓语+宾语+状语（S+V+O+Ad）副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词。He knows what to do next.I had my first maths class in senior high.I waited for him at the school gate.8.there be 句型，意为“有”在there be句型中，be 后面的名词是主语，there be句型中谓语的单复数形式与其邻近的名词保持一致。There is a piano in my room.There are 56 students in our

16、class.There seems to be a car under the tree.写出下列句子的基本句型写出下列句子的基本句型(1)The bread tastes delicious.(2)I will play the soccer in the playground.(3)He bought me a birthday present.(4)I could not make him change his mind.(5)We finished our homework.(6)He got up very late.(7)There is some milk in the bottle.(8)The boy cried.主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语+宾语+状语主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+状语 there be 句型主语+谓语THANKTHANK YOUYOU