瑞典TA平衡阀授课课件.ppt

1、China September 20041Tour and AnderssonThe Three Hydronic Conditionsfor an accurate control in HVAC systems精确控制精确控制HVAC系统的三个水力工况条件系统的三个水力工况条件Why and how to satisfy them in the simplest way为什么及如何用最简单的方法满足这些条件China September 20042空调系统的目的All HVAC installations should reach 2 fundamental objectives:所有空调

2、采暖系统应达到两个主要目的:To deliver the specified comfort level提供要求的舒适度 To reach the first objective,by consuming a minimum quantity of energy以最少的能耗达到以上目的Production冷热源Distribution输配系统Terminal units末端装置China September 20043理论和实践In theory,current technology makes it possible to achieve these 2 objectives理论上,现代控制

3、技术使实现这两个目标成为可能In practice,even the most sophisticated control systems lead often to reduced comfort at increased operation costs但实际上,即使是最复杂的控制系统也不能带来满意的效果,而且运行成本较高China September 20044奇怪的现象 Too hot in some parts,too cold in others 在某些地方太热,在某些地方太冷 Start up after a set-back difficult in some rooms 在一些

4、房间里回设之后的启动比较困难 Installed power is not deliverable 装机功率不能充分利用 Higher energy consumption than expected 比预期的能耗更高China September 20045奇怪的现象In most cases,solutions are to be found on the hydronic side在大部分案例中,我们可以从水系统找到答案China September 20046水力系统平衡简介为什么水力系统要平衡？采暖及空调系统中水力平衡的技术是节能及提高供冷或供热品质的关键常见的问题在供热或空调系统中

5、，由于种种原因，大部分输送环路及冷热源机组环路存在水力失调，使得流经终端用户及机组的实际流量与设计流量不符。多数水泵选型偏大或水泵运行在不合适的工作点处，导致水系统处于大流量、小温差运行工况，水泵运行效率低、热量输送效率低。各用户处室温不一致、不稳定，近热源处室温偏高，远热源处室温偏低。近冷源处室温偏低，远冷源处室温偏高。对热源或冷源机组来说，机组达不到其额定出力，使实际运行的机组台数超过按负荷要求的台数。China September 20047水力系统平衡的好处？采暖及空调系统中水力平衡的技术是节能及提高供冷或供热品质的关键提高舒适度 保证室温达到设计要求，短时间内达到设定温度流量分配合理

6、 水力平衡阀可以吸收超量压差，还可以控制及设定系统所需的流量节约能量，降低运行费用 在空调系统中温度每降低1C，会造成能耗升高15%。在供热系统中温度每升高1 C，会造成能耗升高10%。水力系统平衡简介China September 20048为什么水力系统要平衡？采暖及空调系统中水力平衡的技术是节能及提高供冷或供热品质的关键水力系统平衡简介China September 20049水力平衡系统的几种方法？水力失调分为静态水力失调与动态水力失调。静态水力失调是指由于设计、施工、设备材料等原因导致的系统管道特性阻力数比值与设计要求的系统管道特性阻力数比值不一致，从而使系统各户的实际流量与设计要求

7、流量不一致，引起的水力失调，叫做静态水力失调。静态水力失调是稳态的、根本性的，是系统本身所固有的，是暖通空调水系统中水力失调的重要因素。通过在管道系统中增设静态水力平衡阀，在系统初调试过程中对系统管道特性阻力数比值进行调节，使其与设计要求一致，当系统总流量达到设计流量时，各空调单元也同时达到设计流量。水力系统平衡简介China September 200410水力平衡系统的几种方法？水力失调分为静态水力失调与动态水力失调。动态水力失调是指系统实际运行过程中当某些阀门开度变化引起水流量改变时，系统的压力产生波动，其他用户的流量也发生改变，偏离系统要求流量，从而引起的水力失调，叫做动态水力失调。动

8、态水力失调是动态的、变化的，不是系统本身所固有的，在系统运行的过程中产生的。通过在管道系统中增设动态水力平衡设备，当其它用户阀门开度发生变化时，通过动态水力平衡设备的屏蔽作用，使自身的流量不发生变化，末端流量不互相干扰。水力系统平衡简介水力系统平衡简介China September 200411水力循环系统的三个条件The design flow must be available at all terminal units in design conditions所有末端装置必须都能够达到设计流量The differential pressure across the control val

9、ves must not vary too much.通过控制阀的压差不能有太大的变化The water flows must be compatible at system interfaces.一二次环路水流量必须一致China September 200412第一个水力工况条件The design flow must be available at all terminal units in design conditions所有末端装置必须都能够达到设计流量第一个水力工况条件第一个水力工况条件China September 200413“实用性”优于同程系统 对于需要安装同程管道的同程

10、系统，因为系统的不平衡较大的单元将得到更多的流量。只有在所有单元尺寸相等的情况下同程回路可达到平衡同程回路中各单元尺寸不一致不平衡同程管道China September 200414 自动流量平衡阀淘汰了同程管的使用，节余资金的同时提升系统的工作表现。“实用性”优于同程系统自动平衡的异程回路同程回路连接不同型号的单元更好的工作状态减少管路和投资China September 200415在亚洲通常还在使用同程系统+手动平衡“实用性”优于同程系统自动平衡的异程回路在同程系统应用手动平衡更好的工作状态减少管路和投资China September 200416手动平衡阀的安装Branch Balan

11、cingValvesRiser BalancingValvesMain BalancingValveChina September 200417输配系统010203040506070809010011012013050100150200250300FlowEmissionAt start-up,the first circuits are in overflow to the detriment of the last ones.在刚开始启动时,最近的回路发生过流而损害了最后的回路的流量.The start-up time will be longer for the last circuit

12、s.最不利环路的启动时间将相对较长.An overflow does not necessarily mean an increased heat output.过流并不会成比例增加热量的输出China September 200418输配系统When a plant is balanced,start-up can be achieved as required by design.当系统平衡时，起动将很快很好地达到设计所需的要求When a plant is unbalanced,it must be started earlier.当系统不平衡时，必须更早地开始工作（开机）.0-2-1h

13、oursExtra start-up timeunbalancedRoom temp.balanced24CChina September 200419输配系统In many cases,the control system does not control the two-way valves any longer:在许多情况下，控制系统根本不能很好地控制两通阀门Start-up起动Sudden load variation负荷突然变化Weird set-point at the thermostat温控装置的不理想设置China September 200420输配系统 Each user

14、 adjusts the thermostat set-point according to his own feeling of comfort.每个用户按照他自己的感觉和舒适度来调节温控器的设置点.This often leads to an uncontroled system.这经常导致系统的不平衡.Balancing allows to obtain the right room temperature everywhere.平衡将使每个房间获得舒适的温度20242322212726251718 1916%rooms 室内Room temperature 室内温度 CUnbalanc

15、ed不平衡Unbalanced,Supply t DecreasedBalanced平衡China September 200421不舒适的成本The cost of 1C too high room temperature in winter:6 to 11%在冬季室温每升高在冬季室温每升高1度的成本度的成本:百分之百分之6到到11The cost of 1C too low room temperature in summer:12 to 18%在夏季室温每降低在夏季室温每降低1度的成本度的成本:百分之百分之12到到1820242322212726251718 1916Unbalanced

16、,Supply t decreasedBalanced平衡Unbalanced不平衡Room temperature 室内温度 C%rooms 室内China September 200422 AMETALTM alloy AMETALTM 合金 Stem with EPDM O-ring颈部EPDM的O型圈Fast and easy to access self-sealing measuring nipples自密封测量口Draining cock泄水口Shut offValve关断阀Fixedorifice固定孔板Valve with removedhandwheel手轮可卸Drain泄

17、水阀All in one STAD、STAD囊括所有功能Mechanicalmemory机械式记忆装置STAD平衡阀China September 200423STAD平衡阀Spring for mechanical play tightening弹簧压紧装置Handwheel withdigital indication(80 setting positions)数字手轮（80个开度位置）Draining kit can be installed during operation使用中可安装泄水装置China September 200424STAF 手动平衡阀160，240或者320位的数

18、字式手轮，机械式记忆设置位置。快速方便的连接测量头自平衡阀芯China September 200425TA-CBI 仪表流量，压差以及温度测量快速设置计算机内置平衡法：TA平衡法 可与计算机通讯，配合TA Select II软件编辑平衡数据 数据记录（流量，压差以及温度）最多记录24000个数据The advanced balancing instrument 先进的平衡仪器先进的平衡仪器China September 200426TA-CMI 仪表 Flow,Dp and temp.Measurement 流量，压差以及温度测量 Viscosity correction(Glycol)粘度

19、修正（乙二醇）Wireless communication 无线通讯The hydraulic multimeter多功能水力测量仪表多功能水力测量仪表China September 200427平衡选型软件Calculation/Suggestion计算Info/technical documentation技术规格书List of selected products选择结果Project/TA-CBI data项目/TA-CBI 数据TA Select IIChina September 200428平衡选型软件TA Select II:Editing TA-CBI measured/lo

20、gged dataTA Select II：编辑：编辑CBI测量测量/记录的数据记录的数据China September 200429Through balancing,many operational problems may be detected:通过平衡,许多运作问题可能被发现 Filters or valves clogged 过滤器或阀门阻塞 Terminal units or exchangers wrongly mounted 终端单元和热交换器的错误安装 Pipe damaged or not connected as expected 管道损坏或安装错误 Shut-off

21、valves partially shut 截止阀不能关紧 Check valves or pumps installed back-to-front 止回阀或泵安装方向错误Balancing exposes these flaws while they can still be cheaply repaired.平衡诊断出了这些缺陷，而且它们能被轻易的改正诊断的要点Diagnostics is the 2nd main use of balancing Diagnostics is the 2nd main use of balancing valves.valves.系统诊断是使用平衡阀的

22、另一个主要原因系统诊断是使用平衡阀的另一个主要原因China September 200430为什么要平衡?Adjusting the design flows in all terminal units in design conditions(when all control valves are fully open),while creating minimum additional pressure drops.调整每个末端的流量至设计流量（当控制阀全开时），同时产生最小的额外压差1)Open a fortune cookie.2)Have a method.China Septem

23、ber 200431各式各样的平衡方案1001001001001003 kPa11 kPa10 kPa15 kPa22 kPa20 kPa15 kPa6 kPa2 kPa5 kPa4 kPa3 kPa10010010010010010010010010010010 kPa25 kPa=43 kPa=50 kPa=65 kPa1.2.3.20 kPa15 kPa20 kPa18 kPa17 kPa22 kPa29 kPa33 kPa32 kPa37 kPa44 kPaChina September 200432分割成单元China September 200433分割成单元Simplifying

24、 the drawing is essential最关键的是简化系统图China September 200434分割成单元=1234China September 200435 Proportional method 比例法比例法 adapted from air system balancing methodologies 采用空气系统平衡方法 not optimal in pressure drops 系统压降方面不是最佳 Compensated method(Pr.Robert Petitjean)补偿法 designed for application with balancing

25、valves 专门为设有平衡阀的系统而设计 optimal in pressure drops 系统压降最优 TA Balance method(Pr.Robert Petitjean)TA平衡法 fully computerized:automatic determination of the index valve 全电脑计算；自动判断最不利环路 optimal in pressure drops 系统压降最优系统平衡方法China September 200436平衡显示了最佳的设置点Minimum pressure drops in the balancing valves(with

26、the Compensated Method and TA-Balance)使通过平衡阀的压降最小（补偿法以及TA平衡法）All the pump head in excess islocated in the main valve所有过多的压头都位于主阀上Re-open the main valveand adjust the pump speed重新开启主阀，调整泵速123China September 200437实际案例Pfizer pharmaceutical production unit nearby Tours(France)图尔斯（法国）附近的辉瑞制药工厂 Installed

27、 cooling capacity of 5.4 MW(3 chillers in cascade)总冷量5.4MW（3台冷冻机并联）Total design flow:773 m/h 总设计流量：773 m/h Problem:production alarms!问题：生产线问题 80 TA balancing valves from STAD 15/14 to STAF 200 80个TA平衡阀，从STAD 15/14 到 STAF 200 Audit of plant with TA Circuit based on a first measurement campaign 利用TA C

28、ircuit 做系统评估 Presettings calculated with TA Circuit TA Circuit 计算出结果后进行预设定 Viscosity corrections checked with TA Select II 利用TA Select II进行粘度修正 Full balancing performed using TA-Balance on one TA-CBI 利用一台TA-CBI仪器完成了系统平衡的调试China September 200438实际节约能耗Industrial plant5.4 MW cooling capacity889 m/h335

29、kPa pump headAFTERBalancing平衡后773 m/h(-13%)270 kPa pump head(-20%)Pumping power saving 电力节约:39 kWSavings 节约:17200/yearBEFOREBalancing平衡前China September 200439实际案例Berlaymont Brussels 布鲁塞尔布鲁塞尔(Belgium比利时比利时)European Union Commission building欧盟总部欧盟总部242000 m;3000 people70 interpreter rooms for simultan

30、eous translation70个同声翻译室China September 200440实际案例Berlaymont Brussels 布鲁塞尔布鲁塞尔(Belgium比利时比利时)8.7 MW cooling capacity:7.2MW centrifugal-glycolised water;1.5 MW absorption 8.7 MW 制冷量：7.2MW 离心机;1.5 MW 溴化锂吸收式制冷 Ice storage capacity:324 tons of ice/day.畜冰量：324吨/天 7.8 MW heating capacity 7.8 MW 供热量 8 floo

31、rs with 1200 cooling ceiling units per floor 8层楼，每层楼1200个左右末端 13000 TA balancing valves(STAD 10 to STAF 300)总共13000个左右TA平衡阀（STAD 10 to STAF 300）9730 TA terminal control valves+actuators 9730个TA末端控制阀以及执行器 Presettings calculated with TA Circuit TA Circuit 计算出结果后进行预设定 Full air and hydronic balancing ac

32、hieved by The CommTech Group 由CommTech 集团进行全面的空气以及水力平衡 Hydronic balancing by 2 technicians with 2 TA-CBI 2位工程师用2台CBI完成了整个系统的水力平衡China September 200441第二个水力工况条件The differential pressure across the control valves must not vary too much.通过控制阀的压差不能有太大的变化第二个水力工况条件第二个水力工况条件China September 200442对非线性特性进行补偿

33、10090807060504030201000 10 20 30 40 50 60 709010080Flow in%Lift h in%10090807060504030201000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70901008010090807060504030201000 10 20 30 40 50 60 709010080Heat output in%=+Heat output in%Flow in%Lift h in%Cooling/heating coilControl valveControl is easy!供冷/供热盘管调节阀控制非常容易！China Septemb

34、er 200443两通调节阀阀权度The available Dp on a fully shut two-way control valve depends on the load conditions(i.e.on the opening of all other control valves).两通阀全关时资用压差取决于负荷情况（即取决于所有其它调节阀的开启度DDPPControl valve fully Control valve fully open and design flowshutThe available D Dp at one given location is:某一点的

35、资用压某一点的资用压 min.at design conditions,最小值：发生于设计工况下 max.for the min.total flow in the plant pump head.最大值：发生于系统流量最小情况下 水泵扬程设计流量下调节阀全开时调节阀全关时China September 200444在现实条件下控制阀阀权度经常远远不能满足要求 现实条件下,两通阀的尺寸选择过大以及根据系统要求流量变化而变化的压差导致阀权度远达不到要求 在较低的系统要求下,只有很少的流量和管道摩擦力,导致作用于控制阀的压差增大 一个很小的室温的变化可观的增加输出能量 结果=振荡控制Control

36、 valve EQM5020100102030405030406070Power output%60708090100Design100Lift%80900.50.25China September 200445两通调节阀阀权度Control valve authority should not be lower than 0.25控制阀阀权度不应低于0.25行程流量China September 200446压差的变化2qP D01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 01 0 01 1 01 2 01 3 05 01 0 01 5 02 0 02 5 03 0 0FlowHea

37、t output50%power20%flow4%pressuredropAt 50%of the heat output,the flow in the plant is only 20%of the design value and the pressure drops are reduced to 4%.All the available pump head applies itself on the 2-way control valves.在50%热输出时，系统中流量只有设计流量的20%，压降降至设计压降的4%。所有的水泵资用压头作用于两通调节阀上。100%China Septemb

38、er 200447控制质量下降Modulating control becomes ON/OFF!FlowFlowOpeningOpeningPower50%9%34%50%开度调节型控制变成了开关型！调节型控制变成了开关型！功率流量开度流量China September 200448过低的阀权度使调节控制工作如开/关阀!变化的压差造成的过低的阀权度导致昂贵的两通阀的工作状态象便宜的开/关阀门 结果:温度高低波动TemperatureSet pointTimeTemperatureSet pointTimeTheoryRealityChina September 200449压差的变化The

39、differential pressure must be locally stabilised to ensure stable and accurate modulating control.则必须对压差进行就地控制以确保稳定和精确的调节型控制。How to determine in which plants differential pressure variations will significantly affect the controllability?head pumpDesign circuit remotemost theof pDesign DC怎样判断在哪些系统中压降

40、的变化将显著影响控制能力？C 设计水泵扬程设计水泵扬程最不利环路设计压降最不利环路设计压降China September 200450工作过程+-+-DPSTAPSTADFlow measurementDifferential pressureadjustmentDH流量测量压差调节China September 200451工作过程pBpA=pA-pB=Circuit Dp for design flowDp STAPDp STAD Spring pushes to open the STAP.Secondary diff.pressure Dpl applies itself on the

41、 membrane:二次侧压差p1作用于膜片上：When Dpl increases,the STAP shuts.当pl增加时，STAP关闭。When Dpl decreases,the STAP opens.当pl减小时，STAP打开。在设计流量下环路压降弹簧驱动打开STAP。pBpAChina September 200452 压力A通过与STAF的泻水口(1)STAP的出水口(2)相连的毛细管传导 压力B作用于阀芯隔膜(3)的另一侧 当作用于阀芯隔膜(3)压差(AB)大于设定弹簧拉力时,阀将逐渐关小只到到达新的平衡点(4)(3)AB(2)DpLH(1)(2)(4)BASTAP如何工作C

42、hina September 200453STAP安装在支路STAPSTAD,STAM or STAFChina September 20045470 kPa66 kPa62 kPa58 kPa54 kPa110 kPa32 kPa70 kPa66 kPa62 kPa58 kPa4 kPa54 kPa74 kPa102 kPa304208 kPa820122016202020304820122016202020203030303030303030qA=30/54=0.56=30/70=0.43133 kPa132 kPa131 kPa130 kPa129 kPa143 kPa8 kPa133

43、kPa132 kPa131 kPa130 kPa1 kPa129 kPa134 kPa141 kPa123152 kPa253545551253545555123123123123qTqA123123123123123=30/129=0.23=30/133=0.23平衡阀门平衡阀门设计流量设计流量(100%)50%设计流量设计流量部分流量时典型阀权度 手动平衡China September 200455115 kPa111 kPa107 kPa103 kPa99 kPa115 kPa87 kPa83 kPa79 kPa75 kPa71 kPa87 kPa115 kPa3049205320572

44、06120652030212520292033203720203030303030303030qA=30/71=0.42=30/115=0.26150 kPa149 kPa148 kPa147 kPa146 kPa150 kPa143 kPa142 kPa141 kPa140 kPa139 kPa143 kPa150 kPa45454545451304454545455131132133134138139140141qA137=30/139=0.22=30/150=0.20自动平衡自动平衡(动态动态)设计流量设计流量(100%)50%设计流量设计流量部分流量时典型阀权度 自动平衡China S

45、eptember 200456110 kPa106 kPa102 kPa98 kPa94 kPa110 kPa82 kPa76 kPa74 kPa70 kPa66 kPa30402042042042020301216202020242028202030303030303030304444485644444=30/66=0.45=30/60=0.5143 kPa142 kPa141 kPa140 kPa139 kPa143 kPa136 kPa135 kPa134 kPa133 kPa132 kPa5479511158687274767855545352535252511181838611111

46、555555555=30/66=0.45=30/61=0.49压差控制器压差控制器(STAP)安装于各个安装于各个环路环路设计流量设计流量 100%50%设计流量设计流量部分流量时典型阀权度 STAP安装在支路China September 200457STAP安装在各个盘管STAD,STAM or STAFSTAPChina September 20045897 kPa93 kPa89 kPa85 kPa81 kPa97 kPa69 kPa65 kPa61 kPa57 kPa53 kPa20414202045420204942020534202037420209420201342020174

47、2020214202025420=20/27.9=0.72=20/24.4=0.82126 kPa125 kPa124 kPa123 kPa122 kPa126 kPa119 kPa118 kPa117 kPa116 kPa115 kPa594123595123596123597123592124582127585125587124589123590123=20/24.4=0.82=20/27.9=0.72压差控制器压差控制器(STAP)安装于各个控制阀安装于各个控制阀 设计流量设计流量 100%50%设计流量设计流量部分流量时典型阀权度 STAP安装在各个环路China September

48、200459 Stabilisation of the differential pressure applied on the control valves.稳定控制阀两端的压差 Ensures stable and accurate modulating control.确保稳定及精确的调节型控制 Reduces the risk of noise in terminal unit control valves.降低末端调节阀产生噪音的危险 Allows the shutting of 2-way control valves even for high pump heads.即使水泵压头

49、很高,两通阀也能关闭 Dynamic balancing 动态的平衡 Simple procedure.平衡步骤简单 Ideal for staged projects.对分期实施的项目效果更好差压控制器的好处China September 200460第三个水力工况条件The water flows must be compatible at system interfaces.一二次环路水流量必须一致第三个水力工况条件第三个水力工况条件China September 200461TA Autoflow 自动平衡阀AC&YR 型15 50mm易于拆卸的阀芯,用于小口径管道WS 对夹型50 3

50、50mm使用多个80mm的阀芯,用于大口径管道。China September 200462TA Autoflow自动平衡阀 AC 型 15 50mm 防脱锌(DZR)铜合金阀体,英制标准螺纹接口。阀芯的筒体和弹簧由等级300的不锈钢制成。弹簧阀芯阀芯测量点测量点 关断关断(球阀球阀)接盘管的连接盘管的连接末端接末端China September 200463全“自动”操作 自动流量限制式平衡阀芯。平衡阀由工厂预设，避免在施工现场调整。China September 200464TA Autoflow TA Autoflow 自动平衡阀自动限制流量自动平衡阀自动限制流量China Septem