中译英技巧语篇衔接和连贯课件.ppt
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1、第十章第十章汉英翻译中的衔接与连贯汉英翻译中的衔接与连贯在在HallidayHalliday和和HasanHasan看来看来,衔接衔接是一种非结构性语篇意义关系是一种非结构性语篇意义关系,它侧重于句间不同成分之间的它侧重于句间不同成分之间的语义联系。他们把形成衔接的语义联系。他们把形成衔接的非结构性意义关系分为五种类非结构性意义关系分为五种类型型:照应、替代、省略、连接照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接。和词汇衔接。Reference-personal referenceReference-personal reference我赤裸裸来到这世界,转眼间(我)也将赤我赤裸裸来到这世界,转眼间(我)
2、也将赤裸裸的回去罢?但(我)不能平的,裸裸的回去罢?但(我)不能平的,(我我)为为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊?什么偏要白白走这一遭啊?I have come to this world,stark-naked;I have come to this world,stark-naked;am I to go back in a blink in the same am I to go back in a blink in the same nakedness?It is not fair though:why nakedness?It is not fair though:why should I
3、have made this trip for should I have made this trip for nothing!(nothing!(张培基,张培基,20192019:74)74)Demonstrative Reference这这(些些),),那那(些些)-to refer to person or)-to refer to person or objectsobjects这儿这儿,那儿那儿,这里这里,那里那里-to refer to the-to refer to the location in spacelocation in space这会儿这会儿,那会儿那会儿-to r
4、efer to the location-to refer to the location in timein time这么这么,那么那么,这样这样,那样那样-to refer to quality,-to refer to quality,state and degreestate and degreeHe has his own positive opinion on all matters;not an unwise one,usually,for his ownends;and will ask no advice of yours.它对于所有的事情都有明确的主见。就达到目的而言,其见
5、解往往并非愚鲁之见。Here we know that repetition is the phenomena that English tries to avoid but stronglyfavored by Chinese.SubstitutionSubstitution1)Efforts on the part of the developing 1)Efforts on the part of the developing nations are certainly required.nations are certainly required.SoSo is a is a re-o
6、rdering of priorities to give re-ordering of priorities to give agriculture the first call on national agriculture the first call on national resources.(Takashi Oka:The Hungry World)resources.(Takashi Oka:The Hungry World)发展中国家作出努力当然是必须的。调整重点让发展中国家作出努力当然是必须的。调整重点让农业优先占有自然资源也当然是必须的。农业优先占有自然资源也当然是必须的。
7、2)Darcy took up a book;Miss Bingley 2)Darcy took up a book;Miss Bingley did the samedid the same.(J.Austin:Pride and.(J.Austin:Pride and Prejudice)Prejudice)达西拿起一本书来。彬格莱小姐达西拿起一本书来。彬格莱小姐也拿起一也拿起一本书来本书来。(蔡基刚蔡基刚,2019:10),2019:10)EllipsisEllipsisHe has no work to do-tyrannical insects to obey.The earthwo
8、rm has his digging;the bee her gathering and building;the spider her cunning network;the ant her treasury and accounts.它无所事事,因为它不受任何残暴的虫子的摆布。蚯蚓要挖土打动,蜜蜂要采蜜筑窝,蜘蛛要巧织迷网,蚂蚁要聚财盘宝。2)Reading make a full man;Conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.(F.Bacon:Of Studies)读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。(王佐良译)4)4)夺取
9、这个胜利,已经是不要很久的时间和不夺取这个胜利,已经是不要很久的时间和不要花费很大的力气了;巩固这个胜利,则是要要花费很大的力气了;巩固这个胜利,则是要很长的时间和要花费很大的力气的事情。很长的时间和要花费很大的力气的事情。To win this victory will not require much To win this victory will not require much time and efforts,but to consolidate it time and efforts,but to consolidate it will.will.ConjunctionConju
10、nction他小的时候,他妈叫他去买红塘,他买了白糖回来。One day,when he was a child,his mother sent him out to buy her some brown sugar,but he returned with some white sugar instead.(张培基,2019:18)(Adversative)14)14)人是很有趣的,往往在接触一个人时首先人是很有趣的,往往在接触一个人时首先看到的是他或她的优点。看到的是他或她的优点。Human beings are interesting Human beings are interesti
11、ng in thatin that they tend to first see good in a new they tend to first see good in a new acquaintance.acquaintance.15)15)男孩哭得心都快碎了,当问及他时,他说男孩哭得心都快碎了,当问及他时,他说饿极了,有两天没吃了。饿极了,有两天没吃了。The boy who was crying as if his heart The boy who was crying as if his heart would break,said,when I spoke to him,wou
12、ld break,said,when I spoke to him,that he was very hungry that he was very hungry because because he dad he dad had no food for two days.had no food for two days.词汇衔接词汇衔接 重复重复 泛指词泛指词 同义词同义词 反义词反义词 上下义关系上下义关系 搭配搭配同义词同义词例一:(中华民族洗雪了百年耻辱,振奋了民族精神,)感到无比的骄傲和自豪。相对于英语而言,在一般语篇中汉语的同义词并列现象比较多,它们译成英语后往往只用一个词便可以表
13、达意义译文:we are very proud of it.同样同样,单个英语单词也可以译成并列单个英语单词也可以译成并列的同义词来加强生动性。的同义词来加强生动性。例二:We must have this ambition.译文:我们就是要有这个雄心壮志You will need to take some tools You will need to take some tools with you;you can get a hammer,a with you;you can get a hammer,a saw and a screwdriver from big saw and a s
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