专业英语化合物的英文命名课件.ppt
- 【下载声明】
1. 本站全部试题类文档,若标题没写含答案,则无答案;标题注明含答案的文档,主观题也可能无答案。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
2. 本站全部PPT文档均不含视频和音频,PPT中出现的音频或视频标识(或文字)仅表示流程,实际无音频或视频文件。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
3. 本页资料《专业英语化合物的英文命名课件.ppt》由用户(晟晟文业)主动上传,其收益全归该用户。163文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对该用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上传内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知163文库(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!
4. 请根据预览情况,自愿下载本文。本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
5. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007及以上版本和PDF阅读器,压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 专业 英语 化合物 英文 命名 课件
- 资源描述:
-
1、化合物的英文命名Nomenclature of compounds 一 无机物的命名 (Inorganic compounds)1 元素与单质的命名 “元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”,有时为了区别,在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此,单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称,同时又是单质的名称。S-block Element IA H Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium K Potassium Rb Rubidium Cs Cesium Fr FranciumIIA Be BerylliumMg Magnes
2、iumCa CalciumSr StrontiumBa BariumRa Radium P-block ElementVIA VIIA 0 He HeliumO Oxygen F Fluorine Ne NeonS Sulfur Cl Chlorine Ar ArgonSe Selenium Br Bromine Kr KryptonTe Tellurium I Iodine Xe XenonPo Polonium At Astatine Rn Radon IIIA IV A V A B Boron C Carbon N Nitrogen Al Aluminium Si Silicon P P
3、hosphorus Ga Gallium Ge Germanium As Arsenic In Indium Sn Tin Sb Antimony Tl Thallium Pb Lead Bi Bismuth Common Transition Elememt Fe:iron Mn:manganese Cu:copper Zn:zinc Hg:mercury Ag:silver Au:gold2化合物的命名化合物的命名 化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读,这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用前缀(1)mono-,(2)di-,(3)tri-,(4)tetra ,(5)penta-
4、(6)hexa-,(7)hepta-,(8)octa-,(9)nona-,(10)deca-,但是在不会引起歧义时,这些前缀都尽可能被省去。Naming metal ions(cations)for metal oxides,bases and salts 1.Single valence ions Cations name=Element for example:Na+Sodium Al3+Aluminum K+Potassium Ca2+Calcium2.Multivalence ions Cations name=Element(N)For example:Fe2+Iron(II)or
5、Ferrous Fe3+Iron(III)or Ferric Cr2+Chromium(II)Cr3+Chromium(III)Mn4+Manganese(IV)Mn2+Manganese(II)对于有变价的金属元素,除了可用前缀来表示以外,更 多采用罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态,或用后缀-ous-ous表示低价,-ic-ic表示高价。如 FeO:iron(II)oxide 或 ferrous oxide Fe2O3:iron(III)oxide或ferric oxide Cu2O:copper(I)oxide 或cuprous oxide CuO:copper(II)oxide或cupric
6、oxideNaming nonmetal ions(anions)1.Monatomic anions Anions name=Elements root-ide For example:Cl-Chloride O=Oxide Br-Bromide OH-Hydroxide I-Iodide CN-Cyanide S=Sulfide H-Hydride 2.Polyatomic oxyanions (1).Acid radicals for normal salt(正酸根-ate)Anions name=Central Elements root-ate for example:ClO3-Ch
7、lorate IO3-Iodate PO43-Phosphate NO3-Nitrate SO42-Sulfate CO32-Carbonate (2).Acid radicals for meta-salts(亚酸根-ite)Anions name=Central elements root-ite for example:ClO2-Chlorite IO2-Iodite PO33-Phosphite NO2-Nitrite SO32-Sulfite (3).Acid radicals for hypo-salts(次酸根-ite)Anions name=Hypo-Central eleme
8、nts root-ite for example:ClO-Hypochlorite IO-Hypoiodite PO23-Hypophosphite(4).Acid radicals for persalts(高酸根Per-ate)Anions name=Per-central Elements root-ate for example:ClO4-Perchlorate IO4-Periodate MnO4-Permanganate Naming compounds 1.Metal oxide Metal oxide=Cation+oxide for example:FeO Iron(II)o
9、xide (Ferrous oxide)Fe2O3 Iron(III)oxide (Ferric oxide)Fe3O4 Ferroferric oxide Pb3O4 Trilead tetroxide Na2O2 Sodium peroxide2.Nonmetal oxide Nonmetal oxide=n-Nonmetal element+n-oxide for example:CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide SO3 Sulfur trioxide N2O3 Dinitrogen trioxide P2O5 Diphosphorus pent
10、oxide N2O4 Dinitrogen tetroxide (tetra-,mono-后缀中的a,o在后一o之前省去)有些物质常用俗称,如NO:nitric oxide N2O:nitrous oxide 非金属氢化物 除了水和氨气使用俗称water,ammonia以外,其它的非金属氢化物都用系统名称,命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。(1)对于卤族和氧族氢化物,在化学式中写在前面,因此将其看成与另一元素的二元化合物。举例:HF hydrogen fluoride HCl hydrogen chloride HBr hydrogen bromide HI hydrogen iodid
11、e H2S hydrogen sulfide H2Se hydrogen selenide H2Te hydrogen telluride (2)对于其它族的非金属氢化物,在化学式中写在后面,可加后缀-ane,氮族还可加-ine 举例:PH3:phosphine或phosphane AsH3:arsine或arsane SbH3:stibine或stibane BiH3:bismuthane CH4:methane SiH4:silane B2H6:diborane 无氧酸 命名规则:hydro-词根-icacid 举例:HCl:hydrochloric acid H2S:hydrosulfu
12、ric acid3.Bases Base=Metal cation+hydroxide for example:Al(OH)3 Aluminum hydroxide NaOH Sodium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 Barium hydroxide Co(OH)2 Cobalt(II)hydroxide 4.盐盐(Salts)(1).正盐正盐(Normal salt):根据化学式从左往右分别读出阳离子和阴离子的名称。Normal salt=Cation+anion for example:HgSO4 Mercury(II)sulfa
13、te Hg2SO4 Mercury(I)sulfate KNO3 Potassium nitrate Na2CO3 Sodium carbonate NaClO Sodium hypochlorite FeSO4 iron(II)sulfate KMnO4 potassium permanganate(2)酸式盐酸式盐:(Acidic salts)同正盐的读法,酸根中的读做hydrogen,氢原子的个数用前缀表示。Acidic salt=Cation+hydrogen+anion for example:NaHSO4 Sodium hydrogen sulfate Na2HPO4 Disodi
14、um hydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Ca(HSO4)2 Calcium bisulfate NaHCO3 Sodium hydrogencarbonate 或 Sodium bicarbonate(3).Basic salts Basic salt=Cation+hydroxy-anion for example:Cu2(OH)2CO3 Dicopper(II)dihydroxycarbonate Ca(OH)Cl Calcium hydroxychloride Mg(OH)PO4 Magnesium hydrox
15、yphosphate(4).复盐复盐(Mixed salts):同正盐的读法。Mixed salt=Cation+cation+anionfor example:NaKSO3 Sodium potassium sulfiteCaNH4PO4 Calcium ammonium phosphateAgLiCO3 Silver lithium carbonate NaNH4SO4 Sodium ammonium sulfateK N a C O3:p o t a s s u i m s o d i u m c a r b o n a t eNaNH4HPO4:sodium ammonium hydr
16、ogenphosphate 5)5)水合盐水合盐:结晶水读做water或hydrate如 AlCl36H2O:aluminum chloride 6-water 或 aluminum chloride hexahydrate AlK(SO4)212H2O:aluminium potassium sulfate 12-water5.Acids(1).Per-,hydro-,normal acid(its salt-ate,-ide)Acid=Central elements root-ic+acid for example:H2CO3 Carbonic acid H2SO4 Sulfuric a
17、cid H3PO4 Phosphoric acid HNO3 Nitric acid HClO4 Perchloric acid HCl Hydrochloric acid(2).Meta-and hypo-acid(its salt-ite)Acid=Central elements root-ous+acid for example:H2SO3 Sulfurous acid H3PO3 Phosphorous acid HNO2 Nitrous acid HClO Hypochlorous acid HClO2 Chlorous acid 含氧酸与含氧酸根阴离子 采用前后缀的不同组合显示不
18、同价态的含氧酸和含氧酸根阴离子,价态相同的含氧酸及含氧酸根阴离子具有相同的前缀,不同的后缀。高某酸 per-ic 正酸 ic 亚酸-ous 次酸 hypo-ous高某酸根 per-ate 正酸根 ate 亚酸根-ite 次酸根hypo-ite其它的前缀还有 ortho-正 meta-偏 thio-硫代举例:HClO4 perchloric acid ClO4-perchlorate ion HClO3 chloric acid ClO3-chlorate ion HClO2 chlorous acid ClO2-chlorite ion HClO hypochlorous acid ClO-h
19、ypochlorite ion H2SO4 sulfuric acid H2SO3 sulfurous acid HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrous acid HPO3 metaphosphoric acid S2O32-thiosulfate ion 命名时先命名阳离子部分,最后命名阴离子部分,阴离子配体以字母顺序列出,中心阳离子价态一般以罗马数字在名称后标出。KBF4 potassium tetrafluoroborate(III)K4Fe(CN)6 potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)Cu(NH3)4SO4 Tetraamminecoppe
20、r(II)sulfate Co(H2O)2(NH3)2(CO2)NO3 Diammine diaquacarbonatocobalt(III)nitrate络合物的命名(Naming coordination complex)Naming coordination complex 1.Ligands(1).Negative ions as ligands Ligand=Elements root-o for example:CN-Cyano NO2-Nitro F-Fluoro NO3-Nitrato Cl-Chloro CO3=Carbonato Br-Bromo CH3COO-Acetat
21、o O=Oxo H-Hydrido OH-Hydroxo -O2CCO2-Oxalato (2).Neutral molecules as ligand Ligand=Radical name for example:NH3 Ammine CO Carbonyl H2O Aqua CH3NH2 Methylamine H2NCCNH2 Ethylenediamine2.Complex ions(1).Neutral complex or complex ions with positive charge Complex ion=n-Ligand-metal ion(N)for example:
22、Ag(NH3)2+Diamminesilver(I)Cu(NH3)42+Tetraamminecopper(II)Co(NH3)3(NO2)3 Triamminetrinitrocobalt(III)ionsmoleculesCN-cyanoH2OaquaOH-hydroxoNH3ammineCH3COO-acetatoCOcarbonylNO3-nitratoCH3NH2methylamineNO2-nitroF-fluoroCl-chloroBr-bromoCO32-carbonato常见配体的名称(2).Complex ions with negative charge Complex
23、ion=n-Ligand-metals root-ate(N)for example:Fe(CN)64-Hexafluoroferrate(II)BF4-Tetrafluoroborate(III)AlF63-Hexafluoroaluminate(III)AuCl4-Tetrachloroaurate(III)3.Naming complex Complex=Cation+anion for example:LiAlH4 Lithium tetrahydroaluminate(III)Ag(NH3)2Cl Diamminesilver(I)chloride K4Fe(CN)6 Potassi
24、um hexacyanoferrate(II)Cu(NH3)4SO4 Tetraamminecopper(II)sulfate Ni(CO)4 Tetracarbonylnickel(0)Exercise H2SO4 HCl HNO3 HNO2 HCN Na2S CuSO4 Fe(NO3)3 HClO4 KCN NH4Cl NaClO NaOH Mn(OH)2 Fe2O3 P2O5 H2O2 K2Cr2O7 Cu2(OH)2CO3 CaHPO4 PtCl42-Ag(NH3)2Cl K4Fe(CN)6 Exercise H2SO4 HCl HNO3 HNO2 HCN Na2S CuSO4 Fe(
25、NO3)3 HClO4 KCN NH4Cl NaClO NaOH Mn(OH)2 Fe2O3 P2O5 H2O2 K2Cr2O7 Cu2(OH)2CO3 CaHPO4 PtCl42-Ag(NH3)2Cl K4Fe(CN)6 AnswerH2SO4 sulfuric acid HCl hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acidHNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidHCN hydrogen cyanide or hydrocyanic acid Na2S sodium sulfideCuSO4 copper(II)sulfate or
展开阅读全文