（英语语法）动词及时态、语态课件.ppt

1、第5讲 动词的时态第1页，共28页。第第5讲讲 动词的时态动词的时态概念（时间与时态）时态是一种语言的手段，因语言的不同而有区别。英语时态以动词形式变化表示句中谈到的动作、状态的时间关系和说话的时间。（十一种）第2页，共28页。第3页，共28页。4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范

2、性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。第4页，共28页。2.现在进行时现在进行时 第5页，共28页。第6页，共28页。3.一般过去时一般过去时第7页，共28页。第8页，共28页。4.过去进行时（略）过去进行时（略）第9页，共28页。第10页，共28页。第11页，共28页。2)-Have you _ been to our town before?-No,its the first time I _ here.A.

3、even,come B.even,have comeC.ever,come D.ever,have come 答案D.ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。This is the largest fish I have ever seen.It is/was the first time+that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his let

4、ter for almost a month.第12页，共28页。1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,last week，ago,in1980,in October,just now,具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning,tonight,this April,now,once，before,already,recently，lately现在完成时的时间状语f

5、or,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always,不确定的时间状语第13页，共28页。3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，

6、电影的内容已经知道了。）Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）Who hasnt handed in his paper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)第14页，共28页。第15页，共28页。小窍

7、门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。1)(对)Tom has studied Russian for three years.=Tom began to study Russian three years ago,and is still studying it now.2)(错)Harry has got married for six years.=Harry began to get married six years ago,and is still getting married now.显然，第二句不对，它应改为

8、Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.第16页，共28页。第17页，共28页。第18页，共28页。用于条件句时，be going to表将来 will表意愿If you are going to make a journey,youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of t

9、he mirror.be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.(主观安排)第19页，共28页。1）概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-其构成是had+过去分词构成。那时以前 那时现在 2）用法a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。She said(that)she had never been to Paris.b.状语从句

10、 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.c.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.第20页，共28页。第21页，共28页。1)如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远用现在时。At that time,people did not know that the eart

11、h moves.He told me last week that he is eighteen.2)宾语从句中的助动词ought,need,must,dare 时态是不变的。He thought that I need not tell you the truth.第22页，共28页。第23页，共28页。第24页，共28页。第第6讲讲 动词语态动词语态 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；The cat caught the mouse.主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。The mouse was caught by the mouse第25页，共28页。1）若宾语补足

12、语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词。feel,hear,help,listen to,look at,make,observe,see,notice,watchThe teacher made me go out of the classroom.-I was made to go out of the classroom(by the teacher).We saw him play football on the playground.-He was seen to play football on the playground.2）情态动词+b

13、e+过去分词，构成被动语态。Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.第26页，共28页。3）.believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understandIt is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that 众所周知It is thought tha

14、t大家认为It is suggested that据建议It is taken granted that 被视为当然It has been decided that 大家决定 It must be remember that务必记住的是It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.第27页，共28页。4）.be supposed to1.be said to 据说He is supposed to have stolen$1,000.2.计划，安排The train was supposed to arrive at 11:30,but it was 40 minutes late.3.be not supposed to 表示不允许等Youre not supposed to park here.5）.动词get代替beThere was a fight at the pub,but fortunately nobody got hurt.Did any of these houses get damaged in the storm last night?第28页，共28页。