动词及动词短语课件.pptx

1、栏目索引总纲目录考点1 动词的种类考点2 动词的基本形式考点3 动词短语试真题试真题练易练易栏目索引总纲目录考点1 动词的种类考点2 动词的基本形式考点3 动词短语诠考点诠考点学易学易思维导图考点清单栏目索引试真题练易考点考点1 1 动词的种类动词的种类1.(2017云南)Youd better more time talking with your parents so that they can understand you better.(A)A.spendB.takeC.costD.pay2.(2016云南)Nowadays,some robots are very human-lik

2、e.They walk and dance.(A)A.can B.mustC.needD.have to试真题练易栏目索引试真题练易3.(2016曲靖)Mom,must we come back at nine oclock?Oh,dear,.You can come a little later.(C)A.you cant B.you mustntC.you needntD.you couldnt栏目索引试真题练易考点考点2 2 动词的基本形式动词的基本形式4.(2017昆明)To fight (fight)bad people,the Monkey King uses a magic st

3、ick.5.(2017昆明改编)Western children became interested in reading (read)this story.6.(2016昆明)Now shes not shy anymore and enjoys singing (sing)in front of crowds.栏目索引试真题练易7.(2018昆明)The museum teaches (teach)people about the history and de-velopment of toilets.It also encourages governments.8.(2018昆明)Ive

4、 finally realized why my grandpa loves drinking tea and collecting (collect)tea sets.栏目索引试真题练易考点考点3 3 动词短语动词短语9.(2017云南)Tom,the baby is sleeping.Please the radio a bit.(D)A.turn on B.turn offC.turn up D.turn down10.(2017曲靖)The idea of the Belt and Road China,but it belongs to the world.(A)Aes from B

5、es outCes upDes back栏目索引试真题练易11.(2016云南)As long as all the Chinese people pull together,our China Dream will .(A)Ae trueBe outCe up De down12.(2016昆明)High technology is used in EURO 2016 to the matches are fair enough in France.(B)A.make up B.make sureCe outDe over栏目索引试真题练易13.(2016曲靖)Several earthqu

6、akes have around the world in 2016.(B)A.taken care ofB.taken placeC.taken a rest D.taken away14.(2017武威)The boy likes planes very much,and he often goes to see planes land and .(B)A.take care ofB.take offC.take after D.take down栏目索引试真题练易15.(2017河北)Grandfather lives with us.We all him.(C)A.look at B.

7、look forC.look afterD.look like栏目索引诠考点学易思维导图思维导图 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点1 1 动词的种类动词的种类动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词分为四类,即实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。(一一)实义动词实义动词实义动词也叫行为动词,有实际意义,能独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语,可细分为:及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.);按是否具有延续性,又可分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。考点清单考点清单栏目索引诠考点学易1.及物动词和不及物动词及物动词和不及物动词(1)及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整。及物动词常

8、用于下面三种句型中:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语如:He reached Paris the day before yesterday.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语如:They asked me to go fishing with them.栏目索引诠考点学易主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语如:Please hand me the book over there.满分必记满分必记带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加to或for,构成“及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”结构。妙计口诀妙计口诀巧记带双宾语的及物动词:“七给”“一带”“

9、to”不少,“买”“画”“制作”“for”来了。栏目索引诠考点学易“七给”(give、pass、lend、write、show、send、hand)和“一带”(bring),在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加to;“buy”“draw”“make”在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加for。(2)不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整,无须接宾语。如:We waited until Mom came.栏目索引诠考点学易满分必记满分必记有些动词既可以作及物动词,又可以作不及物动词。如:The little girl sings well.The little girl is singing an English

10、 song.2.延续性动词和短暂性动词延续性动词和短暂性动词(1)延续性动词延续性动词也称作持续性动词,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以长时间延续下去或产生持久的影响。英语中的延续性动词比较多,如:study、work、stand、lie、know、walk、keep、have、栏目索引诠考点学易wait、watch、sing、read、sleep、live、stay等。如:You can keep the book for two weeks.(2)短暂性动词短暂性动词也称为非延续性动词、终止性动词或瞬间动词,表示瞬间动作,即动作一经发生立即结束,不能和表示一段

11、时间的状语连用。这类动词常见的有begin、buy、close、come、die、fail、find、finish、go、join、kill、leave、lend、lose、sell、start、stop、borrow等。如:May I borrow your book,Mary?栏目索引诠考点学易(二二)连系动词连系动词连系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。连系动词的分类可见下表:类别功能例词状态系动词表示主语所处的状态be持续系动词表示主语继续或保持某种身份或状态keep,remain,stay,stand,lie表象系动词表示判断

12、seem,appear感官系动词表示人体感官的系动词look,feel,smell,taste,sound变化系动词表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态become,get,go,fall,run,grow终止系动词表示主语已经终止动作prove,turn out栏目索引诠考点学易满分必记满分必记(1)一般情况下,连系动词没有被动语态。(2)表示状态的连系动词一般不用于进行时;变化系动词表示“渐渐”时可用于进行时。如:Its getting warmer and warmer.(三三)助动词助动词助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全,不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或连系动词一起构成谓语。此外

13、,它们还可以用来构成否定句、疑问句或强调句等。英语中常见的助动词可见下表:栏目索引诠考点学易助动词功能例句be构成进行时态I am riding a bike.构成被动语态It was broken.have构成完成时态I have known him for years.do构成疑问句、否定句Do you come from Britain?加强语气Do be careful!代替主要动词He sings as well as I do.构成倒装So do I.shall/will构成一般将来时态,shall用于第一人称,will用于各种人称I shall go to Japan next

14、week.They will meet me at the airport.should/would构成过去将来时态,should用于第一人称,would用于各种人称I said I should never see you again and it would be a decision.栏目索引诠考点学易(四四)情态动词情态动词情态动词主要用于表明说话者对某一行为的态度和观点,主要包括推测、判断、需要、可能、各种意愿等。情态动词不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语,没有人称和数的变化。英语中常见的情态动词可见下表:栏目索引诠考点学易情态动词用法例句can表示能力,意为“能、会”The

15、 little boy can speak English well.表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句She cant be at home now because I saw her out just now.表示请求、允许,意为“可以”Can I borrow your English book?couldcan的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力Lang Lang could play the piano well when he was young.在疑问句中表示委婉的请求Could I have one more apple?may表示征求对方意见,意为“可以”May

16、 I come in?表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”He may know my phone number.mightmay的过去式,表示请求、许可,语气比may更委婉He asked if he might go home.表示推测,常用于肯定句,意为“可能、也许”(可能性比may小)It might rain tomorrow.must表示主观看法,意为“必须、应该”You must do your homework now.表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句,表示“一定”The book must be Marys because her name is on its cover

17、.should意为“应该”,表示要求和命令,也可以表示劝告或建议We should protect the wild animals.You ought not to shout at them.ought to栏目索引诠考点学易情态动词用法例句need表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑问句中You neednt say sorry to him.Need I stay here?hadbetter意为“最好”,表示建议,其否定形式为had better notWed better tell him the truth.续表栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练1.(2018重庆B卷)The cake

18、delicious.Id like to have another one.(A)A.tastes B.looksC.soundsD.feels2.(2018天津)Must I come before 6:30 tomorrow?No,you .You can come a little later.(D)A.mustntB.cantC.couldntD.neednt栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点2 2 动词的基本形式动词的基本形式英语中动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、一般现在时的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。形式构成例词动词原形不带to的动词不定式形式be,do,have,come一

19、般现在时的第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加-sworkworks,readreads以s、o、x、sh、ch结尾的动词,后加-esgogoes,washwashes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i 再加-esflyflies,studystudies过去式与过去分词(规则变化)一般在动词原形后直接加-edworkworked,looklooked在以-e结尾的动词后只加-dcloseclosed,likeliked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i 再加-edstudystudied,carrycarried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母再加-edst

20、opstopped,planplanned栏目索引诠考点学易形式构成例词现在分词 一般在动词原形后直接加-ingsleepsleeping,waitwaiting以不发音的-e结尾的动词,去e再加-ingsmilesmiling,movemoving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母再加-ingsitsitting,digdigging,planplanning少数以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ingdiedying,lielying续表栏目索引诠考点学易满分必记满分必记(1)第三人称单数有个别的变化不规则,如havehas,beis等。(2)词尾-s和-es的

21、读音规则是:在s、x、z、sh、ch后的es读作z,其余的读作z。(3)词尾-ed的读音规则是:在清辅音后读作t,在元音和浊辅音后读作d,在辅音t或d后读作d。栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练3.(2018长春)Nowadays there more heroes in China.We admire them a lot.(B)A.isB.areC.wasD.were4.(2017五华一模)Hed better enough vocabulary if he wants to im-prove his English.(D)A.to memorizeB.memorizesC.memoriz

22、ingD.memorize栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点3 3 动词短语动词短语(一一)常见的动词短语常见的动词短语以动词为中心词构成的短语称为动词短语。初中阶段常见的动词短语主要有下列六种形式:1.动词动词+介词介词这类动词短语后跟宾语时,无论宾语是名词(词组)还是代词,都须置于介词之后。如:look after、shout at、talk about等。2.动词动词+副词副词这类动词短语后跟名词(词组)作宾语时,宾语置于副词前后均可;后跟人称代栏目索引诠考点学易词作宾语时,宾语须置于动词和副词之间。如:put on、pick up、work out等。3.动词动词+副词副词+介词介词如:do

23、away with、go back to、go on with等。4.动词动词+名词名词如:lose heart、lose patience、save face等。5.动词动词+名词名词+介词介词如:take care of、take part in等。栏目索引诠考点学易6.动词动词+介词介词+名词名词如:have.in mind、put.into effect、keep.in mind等。(二二)常见的实义动词常见的实义动词/动词短语辨析动词短语辨析1.不同的不同的“说说”动词区别搭配say侧重说话的内容,带宾语say sth.speak强调说话的能力,开口说话,演讲,说某种语言等speak

24、 Chinese;speak to sb.tell“告诉”,着重把一件事通知或告诉别人;叫某人做某事tell the truth;tell a lie;tell a story;tell sb.(not)to do sth.talk指谈话,强调与人交谈,有对答的含义talk to/with sb.;talk about sth.栏目索引诠考点学易2.不同的不同的“看看”动词区别look强调“看”的动作。单独使用时用来引起对方的注意;接宾语时与at连用see强调“看”的结果,意为“看见、看到”watch强调“专注地看”,有欣赏的意味,常用于看电视、看球赛等read强调“阅读”,常用于看书、看报等

25、栏目索引诠考点学易动词(短语)区别listen强调“听”的动作。单独使用时用来引起对方的注意;接宾语时与to连用hear强调“听”的结果,意为“听见、听到”hear of听说某人/某事物的情况hear about听到关于某人/某事物的消息,通常和hear of互换使用hear from指“收到的来信”,与get or receive a letter from 同义,其宾语是sb.3.不同的不同的“听听”栏目索引诠考点学易4.不同的不同的“穿穿”5.不同的不同的“花费花费”It takes sb.time/money to do sth.Sb.spends time/money on sth.

26、动词(短语)区别put on“穿上”,强调动作,是短暂性动词wear“穿着,戴着”,表状态,是延续性动词。可用于进行时dress“给某人穿衣”,后面只能跟sb.,不能跟衣物(dress sb./oneself)dress in既可以指动作也可以指状态try on“试穿”have.on=be wearing,无进行时和被动语态栏目索引诠考点学易或Sb.spends time/money(in)doing sth.Sth.costs(sb.)money.Sb.pays money for sth.6.不同的不同的“带带”take 带走/拿走,把sb./sth.从说话者处带到别处。bring 带来/

27、拿来,把sb./sth.从别处带到说话者处。7.不同的不同的“借借”borrow 指“借入”,borrow sth.from sb.。lend 指“借出”,lend sth.to sb.=lend sb.sth.。栏目索引诠考点学易keep指“借”时是延续性动词,后跟时间段。8.不同的不同的“到达到达”get to+地点。arrive at+小地点;arrive in+大地点。reach+地点(后面若是地点副词,如home、here、there等,则get和arrive不能再加介词)。栏目索引诠考点学易搭配含义注意look after照顾与take care of同义look for寻找强调动

28、作,find强调结果look up查找强调查字典、参考书等look out小心与take care、be careful同义look over检查常用于医生检查病人的病情9.look的搭配的搭配栏目索引诠考点学易10.fight、win和和beat的区别的区别fight“搏斗;打架”,强调动作。win“在中获胜;赢得(比赛、奖品等)”,强调结果。如:win the game。beat“打败(某人、某队等)”,强调结果。如:beat sb.。11.forget、leave、lose和和miss的区别的区别forget意为“忘,忘记”,后接sb.或sth.,通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用。le

29、ave意为“把某物落在了某地”。常用结构为:leave sth.+地点状语。栏目索引诠考点学易lose意为“丧失,遗失,丢失,失去”,含有失去或不再拥有的意思。常用结构有:lose sb./sth.;lose ones work(失业);lose ones life(丧生);lose ones way(迷路);lose ones voice(失声)。miss意为“错过”,含有失去或不再拥有的惋惜之意,常用结构有:miss sth.;miss doing sth.。12.注意以下动词的过去式、过去分词的不同注意以下动词的过去式、过去分词的不同raiseraisedraised(“举起”,及物动词

30、)riseroserisen(“升起”,不及物动词)栏目索引诠考点学易lieliedlied(说谎)lielaylain(躺)hanghangedhanged(吊死,绞死)hanghunghung(悬挂)栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练5.(2018云南)We can some information about this city on the Internet.(A)A.look up B.look likeC.look after D.look forward to6.(2018云大附中一模)If you want to know more about Tibet,please the

31、 book The Tibet Code.(A)A.look throughB.look aroundC.look after D.look out栏目索引诠考点学易7.(2018昆明官渡区二模)The World Cup is coming.We are it.Im sure well have a great time.(B)A.looking afterB.looking forward toC.looking for D.looking at8.(2018昆明)Stephen Hawking,a great scientist,had a strong will(意志).His serious illness never him living a meaningful and colorful life.(D)A.learned;fromB.protected;fromC.saved;from D.stopped;from