2019年杭州师范大学考研专业课试题718综合英语.DOC

1、杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 招 生 考 试 命 题 纸杭 州 师 范 大 学2019 年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题 考试科目代码： 718 考试科目名称： 综合英语 说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。I. Cloze（每小题1分，共30分）Fill in the blanks with a function word.One of the greatest advances in modern technology has been the invention of computers. They are already widely used in indus

2、try and in universities and the time may come when it will be possible _ (1) ordinary people to use them as well. Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. They can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousands of unrelated facts in order.

3、 These machines can be put _ (2) varied uses. For instance, they can provide information _ (3) the best way _ (4) prevent traffic accidents, or they can count the number _ (5) times the word and has been used _ (6) the Bible. Because they work accurately and _ (7) high speeds, they save research wor

4、kers years of hard work. This whole process _ (8) which machines can be used to work _ (9) us has been called automation. In the future, automation may enable human beings _ (10) enjoy far more leisure than they do today. The coming of automation is bound _ (11) have important social consequences. S

5、ome time ago an expert on automation, Sir Leon Bagrit, pointed out that it was a mistake to believe that these machines could think. There is no possibility that human beings will be controlled _ (12) machines. Though computers are capable of learning_ (13) their mistakes and improving on their perf

6、ormance they need detailed instructions _ (14) human beings in order to be able to operate. They can never, as it were, lead independent lives, or rule the world _ (15) making decisions _ (16) their own. Sir Leon said that in the future, computers would be developed which would be small enough to ca

7、rry _ (17) the pocket. Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information. Computers could be plugged _ (18) a national network and _ (19) used like radios. For instance, people going on holiday could be informed about weather conditions; car drivers could be given alterna

8、tive routes when there are traffic jams. It will also be possible to make tiny translating machines. This will enable people who do not share a common language to talk _ (20) each other _ (21) any difficulty or to read foreign publications. It is impossible to assess the importance _ (22) a machine

9、of this sort, for many international misunderstandings are caused simply through our failure _ (23) understand each other. Computers will also be used in hospitals. _ (24) providing a machine _ (25) a patients symptoms, a doctor will be able to diagnose the nature of his illness. Similarly, machines

10、 could be used to keep a check _ (26) a patients health record and bring it up to date. Doctors will therefore have immediate access _ (27) a great many facts which will help them in their work. Book-keepers and accountants, too, could be relieved_ (28) dull clerical work, for the tedious task of co

11、mpiling and checking lists of figures could be done entirely _ (29) machines. Computers are the most efficient servants man has ever had and there is no limit _ (30) the way they can be used to improve our lives.II. Reading Comprehension（每小题2分，共60分）There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage

12、is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.Passage 1Alan Brooker and Loren Teague are authors who have a book due out soon. You

13、probably wont find their titles on the shelves of your local bookstore. Their prose is published in computerized, digital bits. They are authors publishing e-books (short for “electronic books” or books published only on the Internet, and not in paper form).Theyre not getting big fat advances from p

14、ublishers. Not even a small cheque. Instead, Brooker will get 35 percent of each e-book sold, and Teague will get 30 percent. Thats way above what either could expect in royalties if their titles were published in the familiar format, as beautifully bound bits of trees.The usual author royalty is an

15、yway between ten and fifteen percent of a books selling price. But the large percentage royalty for an e-book will come from a much smaller price e-books sell online for somewhere between $2.50 and $7 a copy, compared to the bookstore retail price of between $US 10 and $90 depending on the size and

16、quality of the publication.But how many e-book copies can the authors expect to sell in an electronic market which is still in its infancy? The best-selling e-author of 1999, Leta Nolan Childers, sold just over 6,000 copies of her book The Best Laid Plans. “Im expecting to sell more than I would in

17、the traditional local market, simply because the US market is so much bigger,” says Teague, whose novel, Jagged Greenstone, was runner-up in the UK Romantic Novelists Association New Writers Award.Email, e-commerce, e-authors, e-books, eeeargh! The whole world is on a technological treadmill. Surely

18、 not books? The pleasure of reading isnt just in the way it allows escape into other worlds. Physical books are a tactile, visual experience. Theres nothing like the anticipation of a new book in your hands, the appeal of a cover, and the smell of ink and paper, not to mention a small frisson of gui

19、lt at all those murdered trees. You can curl up in an armchair, or in bed, with a good book. But surely it will not be the same with a small electronic device, even if it is the size of a paperback and the weight of a hardback, and has a small button that turns the page.Even if you like the idea, yo

20、u first have to have Softbook and the Rocket e-book hand-held electronic readers with high resolution screens, the ability to store several books at once, but unless you have the small reading devices, that means reading books on a large computer screen, and that definitely doesnt lend itself to a l

21、ate-night reading experience in bed.So far, those are the two forums for e-publishing, a field still the focus of the technologically infatuated. Teague still meets responses such as that of the librarian in her home town of Nelson. “When I told her about them (e-books), she just looked at me blankl

22、y,” says Teague, laughing. Or the response of the unnamed executive from a top publishing house who said of e-book publishing: “Isnt that for failed authors?”But the Bigs are moving in. F, which has partnered with Adobe, will let anyone sell digital books on its website and is negotiating with publi

23、shers such as Macmillan and McGraw-Hill to find new ways of packaging their titles. Best-selling authors like mystery thriller writers Patricia Cornwell and Jonathan Kelleman are now posting electronic titles on the Internet. The website www. also displays only e-books that have never been published

24、 in paper form.Recently, top-selling horror story author Stephen King wrote and published his first e-book, Riding the Bullet, a 66page “ghost-story in the grand manner”. It was published only on the Internet on the website of American publishers Simon & Schuster who charged visitors $2.50 to downlo

25、ad it. In the first week, 450,000 people visited the site, before other sites copied it and made it available without charge its typical of the Internet, that something will always be copied for free.Computer giant Microsoft and leading US bookstore chain now plan to create a giant e-bookstore. Micr

26、osoft is also leading a push to standardize formats for online books to allow them to be downloaded to any computer. Steve Riggio, vice chairman of Barnes and Noble, can see a time in the near future when there will be an electronic version of virtually every book in print.For unknown authors, e-boo

27、ks offer a better chance to get published. Fatbrain allows any would-be author to store a manuscript online for just $1 a month. For publishers, it could mean a whole new headache because already established authors could cut out the middleman and release titles straight to their audience, although

28、there will still be a role for the publishing houses in editing and marketing.Small book publisher Hazard Press, however, is excited by the possibilities. Managing director Quentin Wilson believes that it will be especially invaluable for selling the companys back catalogue because it wont require a

29、 print run of thousands just a quick electronic format.With the kind of heavyweights now backing e-publishing, its a matter of when, not if, the phenomenon rolls into town. Does it mean the death of books as we now know them? What happens when electronic readers are as cheap as dirt, or when media c

30、onglomerates give them away to help to sell their vast archives of material? Would you rather pack a box of discs next time you move to a new house, instead of seemingly endless cartons of books? There is still a romance to books that its hard to see their electronic cousins replacing.“I dont think

31、weve reached anything like the version of e-books that will probably come about within a year,” says Wilson. “And I dont see the actual physical book disappearing. But I do see the future including the downloading of a particular book in a formatted file of some kind. Its inevitable.” In the way tha

32、t horses remained after the advent of the car, books wont disappear entirely for book lovers. They will simply become a new form of recreation. “Nothing beats a beautifully produced book,” says Wilson.1. You are not likely to find Alan Brooker and Loran Teagues forth-coming book on the shelves of a

33、bookstore because _.A. all the copies are out of stockB. all the copies are sold outC. their work has not aroused readers interestD. their work is not published in the traditional way2. According to the author, how many times of money can a copy of a book make in the traditional print compared with

34、the computerized version?A. 2 to 3 times. B. 4 to over 10 times. C. 10 times. D. 90 times.3.Which of the following is obviously NOT in agreement with the authors idea of what readers can enjoy when reading paper books?A. The fascinating coverB. The aromatic smell of ink and paperC. Curling up in an

35、armchair or lying in bedD. A miraculous sense of delight at changing wood into paper4.If a publisher would like to put out some books of enigma and excitement, it is most likely to contact _.A. Patricia Cornwell and Jonathan KellemanB. Alan Brooker and Loren TeagueC. Stephen KingD. Quentin Wilson5.

36、The concluding remark of the passage fully demonstrates a publishers confidence that _.A. e-books will dominate readershipB. traditional books will disappear entirelyC. books will continue on condition that they are of good qualityD. books will be good-lookingPassage 2The first thing I want to insis

37、t on is that reading should be enjoyable. Of course, there are many books that we all have to read, either to pass examinations or to acquire information, from which it is impossible to extract enjoyment. We are reading them for instruction, and the best we can hope is that our need for it will enab

38、le us to get through them without tedium. Such books we read with resignation rather than with alacrity. But that is not the sort of reading I have in mind. The books I shall mention in due course will help you neither to get a degree nor to earn your living. They will not teach you to sail a boat o

39、r get a stalled motor to run, but they will help you to live more fully. That, however, they cannot do unless you enjoy reading them.The “you” I address is the adult whose avocations give him certain leisure and who would like to read the books which can without loss be left unread. I do not address

40、 the bookworm. He can find his own way. I wish to deal only with the masterpieces which the consensus of opinion for a long time has accepted as supreme. We are all supposed to have read them; it is a pity that so few of us have. But there are masterpieces which are acknowledged to be such by all th

41、e best critics and to which the historians of literature devote considerable space, yet which no ordinary person can now read with enjoyment. They are important to the students, but changing times and changing tastes have robbed them of their savour and it is hard to read them now without an effort

42、of will. Let me give one instance: I have read George Eliots Adam Bede, but I cannot put my hand on my heart and say that was with pleasure. I read it from a sense of duty; I finished it with a sigh of relief.Now of such books as this I mean to say nothing. Every man is his own best critic. Whatever

43、 the learned say about a book, however unanimous they are in their praise of it, unless it interests you, it is no business of yours. Dont forget that critics often make mistakes the history of criticism is full of the blunders the most eminent of them have made, and you who read are the final judge

44、 of the value to you of the book you are reading. This, of course, applies to the books I am going to recommend to your attention. We are none of us exactly like everyone else, only rather like, and it would be unreasonable to suppose that the books that have meant a great deal to me should be preci

45、sely those that will mean a great deal to you. But they are books that I feel the richer for having read, and I think I should not be quite the man I am if I had not read them. And so I beg of you, if any of you who read these pages are tempted to read the books I suggest and cannot get on with them

46、, just put them down; they will be of no service to you if you do not enjoy them. No one is under an obligation to read poetry or fiction or the miscellaneous literature which is classed as belles-lettres. (I wish I knew the English term for this, but I dont think there is one.) He must read them fo

47、r pleasure, and who can claim that what pleases one man must necessarily please another?But let no one think that pleasure is immoral. Pleasure in itself is a great good, all pleasure, but its consequences may be such that the sensible person eschews certain varieties of it. Nor need pleasure be gro

48、ss and sensual. They are wise in their generation who have discovered that intellectual pleasure is the most satisfying and the most enduring. It is well to acquire the habit of reading. To acquire the habit of reading is to construct for yourself a refuge from almost all the miseries of life. Almost all, I say, for I would not go so far as to pretend that to read a book will assuage the pangs of hunger or still the