后现代主义疗法课件.ppt
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1、Theory and Practice of Counseling and PsychotherapyPsych422Chapter13:Postmodern Approach(solution-focused brief therapy and narrative therapy)QuestionsnIf persons see therapists,in general,what is/are the expectation(s)from their therapist?nIf persons sees therapists for their problem,what is/are th
2、e final goals after completing the therapy sessions?View of Human Nature nAssume that realities are socially constructed.There is no absolute reality.nView people are healthy,competent,resourceful,and have the ability to construct solutions and alternative stories to enhance their lives.nHelp client
3、s recognize their competencies and build on their potential,strengths,and resources.Key Concepts of Solution-Focused Brief TherapynTherapy grounded on a positive orientation-people are healthy and competentnDownplay“past”,while highlight“present and future”nView people are healthy,competent,and reso
4、urceful,and have the ability to construct solutions to enhance their lives nTherapy is concerned with looking for what is workingnTherapists assist clients in finding exceptions to their problemsnThe therapy process is to focus on creating solutions rather than talking about the problemsBasic Assump
5、tions of Solution-Focused TherapynPeople can create their own solutionsnSmall changes lead to large changesnThe client is the expert on his or her own lifenThe best therapy involves a collaborative partnershipnA therapists not knowing afford the client an opportunity to construct a solutionTherapeut
6、ic Goals nBelieve clients have the ability to define their goals and the resources required to solve their problemsnFocus on small,realistic,and achievable changesnSmall change leads to big changenRemain goal-directed and future-orientednE.g.,what has changed since last session?nTalk about solutions
7、 instead of talking about problemsTherapists function and Role nNo knowing position:clients as experts about their own lives.nCreate a collaborative relationshipsnCreate a climate of mutual respect in which clients are free to create and explore solutionsnHelp clients to explore what they would like
8、 things to be different,how to make a difference,and what signs to indicate the changes are happening.Relationship Between Therapist and ClientnThe therapeutic relationship is an important factor for change to occur.nSolution-focused brief therapy is designed to be brief,so therapist must shift the
9、focus as soon as possible from talking about problems to exploring solutionsnHelp clients to use their strengths and resources to construct solutions Three Kinds of Relationships in Solution-Focused TherapynCustomer-type relationship:client and therapist jointly identify a problem and a solution to
10、work toward.Realize personal efforts is required.nComplainant relationship:a client who describes a problem,but is not able or willing to take an active role in constructing a solution.Expect other person to change.nVisitors:clients who come to therapy because someone else thinks they have a problem
11、.Disagree they have a problem.Techniques Used in Solution-Focused Brief TherapynPre-therapy change:What have you done since you made the appointment that has made a difference in your problem?nException questions:Direct clients to times in their lives when the problem did not exist.Techniques Used i
12、n Solution-Focused Brief TherapynMiracle question:If a miracle happened and the problem you have was solved overnight,what would be different in your life?nScaling questions:On a scale of zero to 10,where zero is the worst you have been and 10 represents the problem being solved,how would you rate y
13、our anxiety right now?Techniques Used in Solution-Focused Brief TherapynFormula first session task:ask clients to observe about what happens in your life(relationship,family)that you want to continue to happen nTherapist feedback to clients:therapists provide summary feedback for clients-compliment
14、what clients have done toward effective solutions,provide rationale for the suggestions,and suggest a homework assignmentCase discussionnMary feels that she must win everyones approval.She has become a“super nice guy”who goes out of her way to please everyone.Rarely does she assert herself,for fear
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