情态动词用法总结课件.ppt
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1、2021/7/261(最新整理)情态动词用法总结2021/7/2622021/7/263情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征2)情态动词不能单独做谓语情态动词不能单独做谓语,后面只能接动词后面只能接动词原形,原形,ought to和和have to除外,除外,。3)情态动词没有人称情态动词没有人称,数的变化数的变化,但有些情态但有些情态动词动词,如如can、will、have to、may等有过去式。等有过去式。1)情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气,对)情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气,对某一动作或状态的某种态度。某一动作或状态的某种态度。2021/7/2641)Some of us can
2、use the computer now,but we couldnt last year.2)Can she be in the computer center?3)I though what he said could not be true.4)Can/Could I use your dictionary?5)Could you lend me a hand?1.1.表能力表能力,意为意为“能,能够能,能够”,cancan指现在,指现在,couldcould指过去。指过去。3.表示表示“请求请求”“允许允许”(表请求时,口语中常用表请求时,口语中常用 could 代替代替 can 使语
3、气更委婉,回答时用使语气更委婉,回答时用can)2.表示推测,意为表示推测,意为“可能可能”“”“或许或许”,用于疑问句或,用于疑问句或否定句,否定句,cant和和couldnt意为意为“不可能不可能”。1.can 与与could2021/7/2654.can 用于疑问句或否定句中时,表惊异、用于疑问句或否定句中时,表惊异、不相信等,意思是不相信等,意思是“可能、能够可能、能够”。6)How can you believe such a liar like him?5.cant/couldnt have done 表示对过去情况的否定推表示对过去情况的否定推测测,意为意为“过去不可能做过某事过
4、去不可能做过某事”7)Susan cant have written a report like this.8)She cant have gone to school,it is Sunday.6.can/could have done表对过去的推测,意为表对过去的推测,意为“过去可过去可能做了某事能做了某事”。could have done还可以表示还可以表示对过去能做对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜,意为而未做的事情感到惋惜,意为“本能够做某事可事实上本能够做某事可事实上未做未做”9)Its a pity.Your class could have got the first prize.
5、10)Where can Mary have gone?2021/7/266can表示表示“能够能够”时与短语时与短语be able to同义,同义,但但can只用于一般现在时或过去时,而后只用于一般现在时或过去时,而后者可用于各种时态。另外,者可用于各种时态。另外,can表示个人表示个人有某种能力,而有某种能力,而be able to表示某人通过努表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事,相当于力、克服困难做成某事,相当于succeed in doing sth.;can/be able to 2021/7/267 Michael _ be a policeman,for hes much too
6、 short.A.neednt B.cant C.should D.may2.Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?A.can B.should C.may D.must3.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh,did you?You _ with Barbara.A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed My sister
7、 met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon,so he _ your lecture.A.couldnt have attended B.neednt have attended C.mustnt have attended D.shouldnt have attendedBAAA2021/7/2685.Theres someone outside.Who _it be?A.can B.need C.may D.must6.-Is Jack on duty today?-It _ be him.Its his turn tomorrow.
8、A.mustnt B.wont C.cant D.neednt7.It is usually warm in my hometown,but it _be rather cold sometimes.A.can B.need C.dare D.must8.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly,but everyone _ get away.A.were able to B.would C.was able to D.couldACAC2021/7/2692.may 与与might1.表示表示“许可许可”或或“请求请求”,有,有“可以可以”
9、的意思,口语中的意思,口语中 常用常用 might 代代 may,表示委婉语气。表示委婉语气。否定回答时用否定回答时用“must not”表表“禁止,阻止禁止,阻止”,不用不用“may not”.“may not”表示表示“可能不可能不”。Eg:1)-May I watch TV after supper?-Yes,you may./No,you mustnt.2)Today is Sunday.She may not in her office now.2.表示可能性。表示可能性。意为意为“或许,可能或许,可能”might 比比 may 可能性小。可能性小。Eg:1)The girl mig
10、ht be sleeping this time of day.2)They may be in the library now.2021/7/26104.may/might as well+动词原形动词原形“还是还是的好的好”“不妨干某事不妨干某事”Eg:You may as well go and have a look.3.may/might have done 表示对过去发生过的事情的推测,表示对过去发生过的事情的推测,意为意为“可能已经做过某事可能已经做过某事”Eg:I cant find my sunglasses.I may/might have left them in you
11、r office.2021/7/26111.Sorry Im late.I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.might B.shouldC.can D.will2.Peter _ come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.A.must B.may C.can D.willAB2021/7/26123.will 与与would 1.用于第二人称的疑问句中,表用于第二人称的疑问句中,表“请求、建议请求、建议”等,用等,用 would 比用比用will
12、 委婉,客气些委婉,客气些Eg:1)Will you lend me your book?2)Would you like a cup of tea?2.用于表示意志或意愿,意为用于表示意志或意愿,意为“会,愿意会,愿意”。will 指现在,而指现在,而 would 指指 过去。过去。用于否定句中,表示用于否定句中,表示“不会、不肯、不乐意不会、不肯、不乐意”。Eg:1)I wont do that again.2)They said that they would help us.3)No matter what I said,he wont listen to me.2021/7/2613
13、3.表示习惯性动作。表示习惯性动作。译作译作“总是、惯于总是、惯于”,will 指现在指现在常常,常常,would 指过去常常。指过去常常。Eg:1)This man is strange.He will sit for hours without saying anything.2)Mary will keep asking some silly questions.3)Every evening,she would sit by window,deep in thought.4)We would sit around Grandpa after supper,listening to hi
14、s stories.2021/7/2614 If you _ wait here for another 5 minutes,our manager will come back.A.should B.will C.need D.must2.When he was there,he_ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A.would B.should C.had better D.might BA2021/7/26154.should与与ought to1.ought to比比should语气更重。两者都用于表劝
15、告、建议。语气更重。两者都用于表劝告、建议。意为意为”应该、应当应该、应当”。但在疑问句中常用但在疑问句中常用should。ought to的否定式为的否定式为oughtnt to或或ought not to。Eg:I should help her because she is in trouble.You ought to take care of the baby.Should I open the window?What should we do next?2.两者都可表示推测,表示很大的可能性。两者都可表示推测,表示很大的可能性。意为意为“可可能、按理该能、按理该”Eg:1)Its
16、7 oclock,he should be at home.2)They should have arrived by now.2021/7/26163.ought to/should have done 本应该干某事可事实未干本应该干某事可事实未干 oughtnt to/shouldnt have done本不该干某事可事实本不该干某事可事实 却干了却干了Eg:You should have invited me to the party yesterday.You are right.I Should have thought of that.You shouldnt have eaten
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