专升本写作句型练习课件.pptx

1、第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化不同的思想内容当然应该用不同的句式来表达而同一思想内容也可以不同的思想内容当然应该用不同的句式来表达而同一思想内容也可以用不同句式来表达句式不同，表达的效果就不同一篇文章中如果用不同句式来表达句式不同，表达的效果就不同一篇文章中如果反复使用同一句式，就会显得单调乏味，毫无生气，写作时一定要注反复使用同一句式，就会显得单调乏味，毫无生气，写作时一定要注意句式的变换，避免单一重复意句式的变换，避免单一重复1.1.长句和短句变换长句和短句变换长句使文章富有气势，却容易产生语法错误或造成理解障碍；长句使文章富有气势，却容易产生语法错误或造成理解障碍；短句不容易出错，但是短

2、句的堆砌容易让人感觉语言技巧不成熟，短句不容易出错，但是短句的堆砌容易让人感觉语言技巧不成熟，不老练不老练在实际写作中，一味地采用长句或短句都是不可取的，要注在实际写作中，一味地采用长句或短句都是不可取的，要注意长短句的交错使用意长短句的交错使用通常简单而又实用的长短句交错方法是：以简单句为基础，配通常简单而又实用的长短句交错方法是：以简单句为基础，配以适当的并列句和复合句简单句可长可短，一般要加些附属成分，以适当的并列句和复合句简单句可长可短，一般要加些附属成分，如分词短语，不定式短语，介词短语，副词短语等如分词短语，不定式短语，介词短语，副词短语等第1页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句

3、式优化1.1.短句变长句短句变长句 原文原文 Lies do harm to those who are being told lies.Lies also do harm to those who tell them.优化优化 Lies not only do harm to those who are being told lies,but also do harm to those who tell them.受汉语思维习惯影响，很多考生往往会直接将脑子里的意思议程英受汉语思维习惯影响，很多考生往往会直接将脑子里的意思议程英语，而忽略句与句之间的联系，导致写出来的句子无法体现英语作为语，

4、而忽略句与句之间的联系，导致写出来的句子无法体现英语作为“形形合语言合语言”的特点因此，在平时写作时，考生要注意前后句之间的联系，的特点因此，在平时写作时，考生要注意前后句之间的联系，用恰当的连接词将简单句连接起来，组成准确地道的复杂长句增加文章用恰当的连接词将简单句连接起来，组成准确地道的复杂长句增加文章的气势的气势一长句和短句变换一长句和短句变换第2页，共25页。1.1.短句变长句短句变长句 原文原文 Teenagers are pressured by school work.They are also encouraged by their peers.Under such circu

5、mstances,they resort to smoking.But sometimes they feel a little guilty.优化优化 Pressured by school work.and encouraged by their peers,teenagers often resort to smoking,though they feel a little guilty sometimes.原文原文 Usually,a fact is defined as a truth.The truth can be tested by observation or experim

6、entation.优化优化 Usually,a fact is defined as a truth,something that can be tested by observation or experimentation.第3页，共25页。1.1.短句变长句短句变长句4 4 原文原文 When I turned right on the corner,a motorbike knocked into a small car.The motorbike was red.There were two persons on the motorbikes.The car was yellow.T

7、he motorbike fell down.The two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured.The driver came out of the car at once,and asked about the two persons injuries.As soon as I saw that,I made a telephone call to 110.the traffic police arrived in a short time.4 4 优化优化 When I turned right on the corner,a r

8、ed motorbike with two persons knocked into a small yellow car.Immediately,the motorbike fell down,and the two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured.At that time,the driver came out of the car,and asked about the two persons injuries.Seeing this,I dialed 110.in a short time,the traffic polic

9、e arrived.第4页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化一长句和短句变换一长句和短句变换2.2.长句变短句长句变短句 原文原文 His father,who is a salesman,became a millionaire overnight.优化优化 His father,a salesman,became a millionaire overnight.长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想，但如果片面最求复杂句式，长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想，但如果片面最求复杂句式，反而会显得华而不实，累赘反而会显得华而不实，累赘写作中句子的长短应根据表达的需要而定，有话则长，无话则写作中

10、句子的长短应根据表达的需要而定，有话则长，无话则短短句不仅指句子长度较短，也指句子内部结构精练，简洁是写作短短句不仅指句子长度较短，也指句子内部结构精练，简洁是写作的一个重要原则，用词累赘则是写作的忌的一个重要原则，用词累赘则是写作的忌第5页，共25页。2.2.长句变短句长句变短句 原文原文 He didnt have enough experience,which is the reason why he didnt do the work well.优化优化 He didnt do the work well for lack of experience.原文原文 Perhaps they

11、 basically distrusted our capacity to judge correctly.优化优化 They distrusted our judgment.第6页，共25页。1.1.短句变长句短句变长句4 4 原文原文 A basic reason for divorce is that some people are not really ready for marriage,perhaps because they are still establishing themselves in their careers and havent had enough time

12、to get to know themselves and many members of the opposite sex,but family pressures make them feel that something is wrong with them since they are not married,and so they marry in haste without knowing each other well.4 4 优化优化 A basic reason for divorce is that some people are not really ready for

13、marriage.As they are still establishing themselves in their careers,they havent had enough time to get to know themselves and many members of the opposite sex.However,family pressures make them feel that something is wrong with them since they are not married.So they marry in haste without knowing e

14、ach other well.第7页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化与汉语相比，英语更注重动作本身，而不是动作的执行者，因此在英语中与汉语相比，英语更注重动作本身，而不是动作的执行者，因此在英语中被动语态的使用相对多一些，但这并不表明要以为地追求被动语态的使被动语态的使用相对多一些，但这并不表明要以为地追求被动语态的使用事实上，什么时候用主动，什么时候用被动，主要是由陈述对象而用事实上，什么时候用主动，什么时候用被动，主要是由陈述对象而定英语写作特别强调陈述对象的一致性，因此在选择主动和被动时一定定英语写作特别强调陈述对象的一致性，因此在选择主动和被动时一定要慎重要慎重1.1.主动变

15、被动主动变被动 原文原文 We should pay more attention to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country.优化优化 More attention should be paid to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country.二主动句和被动句变换二主动句和被动句变换第8页，共25页。2.2.长句变短句长句变短句 原文原文 When the prime minister arrived at t

16、he airport,hundreds of reporters surrounded him immediately.优化优化 When the prime minister arrived at the airport,he was immediately surrounded by hundreds of reporters.原文原文 The employees elected Mr.li chairman of the committee last week.优化优化 Mr.li was elected chairman of the committee by the employee

17、s last week.第9页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化 原文原文 Not how much you read but what you read really matters.优化优化 It is not how much you read but what you read that really matters.三强调句和倒装句变换三强调句和倒装句变换2 2 原文原文 By making good use of internet we can make a difference in our life.2 2 优化优化 Only by making good use of

18、 internet can we make a difference in our life.适当运用强调句和倒装句可以起到突出，强调的作用，达适当运用强调句和倒装句可以起到突出，强调的作用，达到较强的修饰效果，给读者留下深刻印象到较强的修饰效果，给读者留下深刻印象第10页，共25页。1.1.短句变长句短句变长句3 3 原文原文 We have grown so old because the birthrate fell earlier in western and northern Europe than elsewhere,rather than because of any chang

19、e in the death rate.3 3 优化优化 It is because the birthrate fell earlier in western and northern Europe than elsewhere,rather than because of any change in the death rate,that we have grown so old.第11页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化 原文原文 When I look into the future,I will try my best to serve my fellow students

20、if I am lucky to be president of the student union.优化优化 Looking into the future,I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky to be president of the student union.四非谓语句和从句变换四非谓语句和从句变换非谓语动词包括不定式动名词现在分词和过去分词使非谓语动词包括不定式动名词现在分词和过去分词使用非谓语动词可以在有限的空间内表达更多的信息，使句子用非谓语动词可以在有限的空间内表达更多的信息，使句子结构紧凑

21、，逻辑严密结构紧凑，逻辑严密第12页，共25页。1.1.短句变长句短句变长句2 2 原文原文 The law can punish those who produce or sell fake commodities.2 2 优化优化 The law can punish those producing or selling fake commodities.3 3 原文原文 Because one of my parents is laid off,my family wont possibly afford all my expenses at college.3 3 优化优化 With

22、one of my parents being laid off,my family wont possibly afford all my expenses at college.第13页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化 原文原文 Some students dont like having roommates.Because every person has his or her own way,they think several people living together causes some unpleasantness.We have the chance to ad

23、just the subtle relationship.优化优化 Some students dont like having roommates.they think several people living together causes some unpleasantness because every person has his or her own way.We have the chance to adjust the subtle relationship.五松散句和掉尾变换五松散句和掉尾变换松散句主要用来陈述观点和罗列事实，因此文中绝大多数句松散句主要用来陈述观点和罗列事

24、实，因此文中绝大多数句子都是松散句，正是由于这个缘故，偶尔使用掉尾句会起到子都是松散句，正是由于这个缘故，偶尔使用掉尾句会起到突出的效果，但如果频繁的使用掉尾句，则会使文章的意思突出的效果，但如果频繁的使用掉尾句，则会使文章的意思表达不够直接名了，给读者做作的感觉表达不够直接名了，给读者做作的感觉第14页，共25页。1.1.短句变长句短句变长句2 2 原文原文 A new pattern of urban living has emerged in most big cities,as many of urban dwellers have moved to the suburban ring

25、s in search of cleaner air,greater privacy and a higher quality of life.2 2 优化优化 As many of urban dwellers have moved to the suburban rings in search of cleaner air,greater privacy and a higher quality of life,a new pattern of urban living has emerged in most big cities.第15页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化）jus

26、t as,so(正如正如，也一样也一样)e.g.just as food is necessary to life,so are books to our spirit.六比较句变换六比较句变换表示相似性表示相似性2）share/have in common(在在方面有共同点方面有共同点)e.g.china and the u.s.have some interests in common in foreign trade area.3）bear similarities/resemblances to (和和具有相似之处具有相似之处)e.g.lots of ancient construct

27、ions bear striking resemblance to that in other parts of the world,which discloses the similarity in human civilization.第16页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化六比较句变换六比较句变换5）vice versa/the verse is true(反之亦然反之亦然)e.g.if you are friendly to others,they will hold hospitable attitude towards you and vice versa.6）no le

28、ss()than/no more()than(不比不比多强多强)e.g.the father is an ambitious man,the sons ambition is no less than the father.4）the same is true of/with (也是如此也是如此)e.g.people who are financially dependent will be bullied by the rich ones.And the same is true with countries.7）as as (和和一样一样)e.g.some of the doctors a

29、re paid almost twice as much as the nurses.第17页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化）the opposite of (与与恰恰相反恰恰相反)e.g.he hopes that his wife can give birth to a male inheritor to such a large fortune;whereas his wifes wish is just the opposite of his.六比较句变换六比较句变换2表示差异性表示差异性2）it is just the other way round,(，相反，相反，)e

30、.g.he is not your friend.It is just the other way round.He is your rival.第18页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化六比较句变换六比较句变换4）less()than(比比少差）少差）more()than(比比多强多强)e.g.more and more people are buying new cars than ever before.3）different/differ from in that (和和的不同之的不同之处在于处在于)e.g.his character is different from his

31、 brother in that he is introvert.2表示差异性表示差异性第19页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化）表转折）表转折but,however,nevertheless,instead,on the other hand 七松散到紧凑变换七松散到紧凑变换如果遗篇文章只具有意义上的连贯，而形式上比较松散，就很难突出如果遗篇文章只具有意义上的连贯，而形式上比较松散，就很难突出主题，较好的表达作者的意图为了能使文章主题明确，线索明了，主题，较好的表达作者的意图为了能使文章主题明确，线索明了，而句式富有变化，句与句之间，段与段之间需要一定的连接手段，写而句式富有变化，

32、句与句之间，段与段之间需要一定的连接手段，写作中常用的连接手段有：作中常用的连接手段有：2）表让步）表让步although,though,despite,even so,even if/though,regardless of,in spite of 使用过度性词语使用过度性词语第20页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化六比较句变换六比较句变换4）表举例或列举）表举例或列举For example,for instance,as an illustration,such as 3）表层进）表层进first,to begin with,furthermore,besides,moreove

33、r,in addition,whats more,also and then,and equally important,last but not the least）表总结）表总结in summary,in a word,in brief,in conclusion,to conclude,in short,on the whole 第21页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化六比较句变换六比较句变换）表比较和对比）表比较和对比While,whereas,likewise,similarly,equally,in comparison with,compared with,on the

34、 contrary,in the contrast,by contrast）表强调）表强调Indeed,of course,in particular,above all,most important,in fact 第22页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化六比较句变换六比较句变换例：例：Walters goal in life was to become a successful surgeon.First,though,he had to get through high school,so he concentrated all his efforts on his studi

35、es in particular,biology,chemistry,and math.Because he worked constantly on these subjects.Walter become proficient in them;however,Walter forget that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen.As a result,during his junior year of high school,Walter failed both English and Latin

36、.Consequently,he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule.Finally,on June 6,Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.第23页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化七松散到紧凑变换七松散到紧凑变换与段落中句与句之间的连贯一样，一篇文章中各段落之间也需要以一定的方式与段落中句与句之间的连贯一样，一篇文章中各段落之间也需要以一定的方式来明确各段间的逻辑关系来明确各段间的逻辑关

37、系,从而使整篇文章形成一个统一连贯的整体从而使整篇文章形成一个统一连贯的整体.段与段之段与段之间除了借助一些篇章层次上的连接词语外间除了借助一些篇章层次上的连接词语外,如如:however,similarly,therefore,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast,in conclusion,in short等，还经常需要使用一些表示过度的句子来确保其连惯性等，还经常需要使用一些表示过度的句子来确保其连惯性2使用过度性句子使用过度性句子例：例：every student will be faced with the same questi

38、on when he passes the college entrance examination:should he choose a good major or a good university?Angers differ as for different groups of people.Some students give priority to a good major.What they cherish is a specialty they like most.In their mind,第24页，共25页。第一章第一章 句式优化句式优化七松散到紧凑变换七松散到紧凑变换英语中

39、比较习惯用代词来代替上下文提到的人和事物，从而增强上下文英语中比较习惯用代词来代替上下文提到的人和事物，从而增强上下文的连贯性，并避免重复，使语言更加简洁明了的连贯性，并避免重复，使语言更加简洁明了例：例：Installing monitor cameras is good for residents and neighborhood.First of all,as what the advocates claim,it is an effective approach to improve the security situation.Consequently the guards can easily know what is going on in the districts from the screens of the monitor cameras.利用代词指代上下文提到的事物利用代词指代上下文提到的事物第25页，共25页。