新核心大学英语听说教学教程3答案解析课件.ppt

1、Unit 1 The Age of RobotsUnit 2 Nuclear RadiationIn this unit you will:1.learn about nuclear radiation and the consequences resulting from a nuclear crisis;2.familiarize yourself with the words and expressions related to the theme of the unit;3.learn to recognize main ideas and understand the purpose

2、 of a lecture;4.enhance listening skills through non-theme related audio and video materials;5.learn to use proper expressions and sentence structures to get conference information from the registrar.Learning objectives Section I Science Report I Section II Science Report II Section III Science Repo

3、rt III1.Are you exposed to radiation everyday?2.What is the physical process of nuclear radiation?Lead-in questions:Unit 2 Part I Section I Lead-in questionsWord Bankproton/prtn/n.质子质子neutron/njutrn/n.中子中子weld/weld/v.接合，焊接接合，焊接uranium/jurenim/n.铀铀fission/fn/n.裂变裂变CANDU(Canadian Deuterium Uranium rea

4、ctor)n.加拿大重水铀反应堆加拿大重水铀反应堆moderator/mdret(r)/n.减速剂减速剂deuterium/djutrm/n.重氢重氢calandria/klndri/n.排管式容器排管式容器coolant/kulnt/n.冷却剂冷却剂Unit 2 Part I Section I Word Bankturbine/tban/n.涡轮机涡轮机domesticate/dmestket/v.训化训化ingenuity/ndnjuti/n.聪明才智聪明才智radioactivity/rediktvti/n.放射性放射性low frequency低频低频submerge/sbmd/v.

5、湮没湮没opaque/pek/adj.不透明的不透明的disrupt/dsrpt/v.扰乱扰乱off spring/fspr/n.后代后代respiratory/rsprtri/adj.呼吸的呼吸的pneumonia/njumni/n.肺炎肺炎Unit 2 Part I Section I Word Bankbone marrow骨髓骨髓juggle/dl/v.耍弄耍弄mortality rate死亡率死亡率Three Mile Island三里岛三里岛invariable/nveribl/adj.始终如一的始终如一的Unit 2 Part I Section I Word BankNotes

6、Unit 2 Part I Section I Notes1.Three Mile Island Accident The Three Mile Island accident was a core meltdown in Unit 2(a pressurized water reactor manufacturedby Babcock&Wilcox)of the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station in Dauphin County,Pennsylvania near Harrisburg,United States in 1979.Th

7、e power plant was owned and operated by General Public Utilities and Metropolitan Edison(Met Ed).It was the most significant accident in the history of the USA commercial nuclear power generating industry,resulting in the release of approximately 2.5 million curies of Task 1 Watch the video clip and

8、 then decide whether the following statements are true or false.1.The nuclei of certain elements,such as uranium,are stable and can be split apart in the process known as fission.2.Fission will occur when neutrons are moving too quickly.3.Deuterium has a neutron in its nucleus.4.Heavy water is more

9、effective as a moderator than light water.5.A normally operating reactor will not leak any amount of radioactivity.FF_T_T_F_Unit 2 Part I Section I Task 1TaskTask 2 Watch the video clip for the second time and then complete the following sentences.Task1.The capacity to penetrate through otherwise op

10、aque substances.The capacity to ,to .2.Radiation causes things other than fatal cancers or in live-born offspring.3.I think the number being counted by the Council on Economic Priorities,around nuclear commercial plants in the States have to do with pneumonia-type deaths.disrupt biological processes

11、 _kill cancer cells_serious transmittable genetic disease_nine thousand deaths a year_Unit 2 Part I Section I Task 24.But these are used to explore the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.5.The overall excess mortality the accident,conservatively,was 50,000 extra deaths.the same types of st

12、atistical techniques_probably attributable to_Unit 2 Part I Section I Task 21.How is radiation produced?2.How can one guarantee the safe operation of a nuclear power plant?3.How many different types of radiation does this video imply there are?What are they?Task 3 Watch the video clip again and give

13、 a short answer to each of the following questions.TaskThe reactor produces radiation as it generates heat._Personnel must be well trained,so that they can master this complex technology._3,low frequency radiation,high frequency radiation,nuclear radiation._Unit 2 Part I Section I Task 34.Does a nuc

14、lear power plant affect the mortality rate in the surrounding areas?【Script】According to the statistics released by Dr.Bertell,living near nuclear plant means more exposure to elevated levels of radiation,which largely,in turn leads to more death tolls._Unit 2 Part I Section I Task 3ScriptUnit 2 Par

15、t I Section I Script The atom:in the center surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons,lies the nucleus.There,protons and neutrons are welded together by unimaginably powerful forces,but the nuclei of certain elements,like uranium,are unstable and can be split apart in the process known a

16、s fission.In fission,a nucleus absorbs a stray neutron and splits apart.Heat and radiation are released alongwith more neutrons.If the right material is arranged correctly,a chain-reaction is produced.If the neutronsare moving too quickly,fission will not occur.A Word Bankevacuation/vkjuen/n.撤离，疏散撤离

17、，疏散seal/sil/v.密封密封carbon dioxide二氧化碳二氧化碳filter/flt(r)/n.过滤器过滤器squat/skwt/v.蹲下蹲下dacha/dt/n.（俄语）（乡间）房屋（俄语）（乡间）房屋vent/vent/v.通风通风suffocate/sfket/v.使使窒息而死窒息而死kit/kt/n.成套设备（工具）成套设备（工具）fallout/flat/n.（核爆炸后的）放射性坠尘（核爆炸后的）放射性坠尘Unit 2 Part I Section II Word BankNotes1.Richard E.Besser Richard E.Besser,MD,(bor

18、n 1959)is an ABC News Medical editor and formerly the acting director of the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR).2.emergency kit A list of supplies or items prepared(usu.in a suitcase)to help you evacuate in case of emer

19、gency,such as a flashlight,battery-operated radio,food,water and blankets.Unit 2 Part I Section II Notes1.Which of the following best explains“shelter in place”?A.To find a house in which to live.B.To be protected by the door.C.To place carbon dioxide and ice in its original place.D.To get indoors q

20、uickly and seal the area off.2.Which of the following is NOT true of Dr.Bessers demonstration?A.It involved taking carbon dioxide and ice and placing them under the door.B.It showed that a basic door can be of great help to keep radiation out.C.The gas really came through the basic door.D.The door n

21、eeded a plastic.Task 1 Watch the video clip and choose the best answers to the questions below.TaskUnit 2 Part I Section II Task 13.How long can one stay in a sealed room before ventilating it?A.3 days.C.3 minutes.4.What is the first priority if nuclear radiation is released?A.To evacuate first befo

22、re the disaster.B.To have a radio.C.To prepare three days water.D.To shut the door.5.Following the guidelines reduces radiation exposure to of what one would experience outdoors.A.5%C.25%B.3 hours.D.3 days and 3 hours.B.15%D.55%Unit 2 Part I Section II Task 11.How should one seal the door?2.Why does

23、 a basic door offer little help?3.What is the purpose of the test?4.What emergency supplies should homeowners keep?Task 2 Watch the video clip for the second time and give a short answer to each of the following questions.TaskTake a basic plastic sheet,ideally pre-cut,and use it to cover the door on

24、 all sides.Make sure that the gas has no way to come in._It allows gas to come through._To test whether following the guidelines will effectively keep radiation(of toxic gasses)out._Water,food,and a radio to follow broadcasting instructions._Unit 2 Part I Section II Task 2Task 3 Watch the video clip

25、 again and speak for two minutes on the topic.Prepare to answer one or two questions from classmates or the teacher after the presentation.For Reference:Unit 2 Part I Section II Task 3Task In this television program,Dr.Besser gives useful advice on how to keep safe when faced with nuclear radiation.

26、In such an emergency,the immediate goal is to evacuate as quickly as possible.However,if there is not enough time to get out of the radiation zone,one should seek shelter in place,which would reduce radiation exposure substantially.There are several rules to follow in order to seal the door.First,pr

27、epare Suggested questions and answers:1.What does“shelter in place”mean?2.What if oxygen starts running out in the sealed room?3.What if the water is not drinkable?It means getting inside quickly and sealing off the area from dangerous gasses or radiation._One cannot keep the door sealed all the tim

28、e.After three hours,one has to vent it to let some oxygen in to avoid suffocation._The best way is to store as much drinking water as possible._Unit 2 Part I Section II Task 3【Script】ScriptUnit 2 Part I Section II ScriptHolder:So lets talk about the people in the evacuation zone around that stricken

29、 nuclear plant,still so many there,told to seal themselves off inside their homes.The people here in the U.S.asking what to do if a nuclear crisis happens in this country,and Dr.Richard Besser,you decided to take a really closer look at this.Doctor B:Thats right,Robin,you know,the goal is to get out

30、 of the radiation zone as quickly as possible.But if there wasnt time to evacuate,you may be told to do whats called shelter in place.That means toget inside fast and seal off the area from whatever is Word Bankwrestle/resl/v.奋力对付奋力对付international nuclear event scale核事件分级核事件分级anomaly/nmli/n.异常事物异常事物

31、meltdown/meltdan/n.核反应堆核心熔毁核反应堆核心熔毁prompt/prmpt/v.促使促使deployment/dplmnt/v.部署部署Ukraine/jukren/n.乌克兰乌克兰radius/reds/n.半径半径Harrisburg/hrsbg/n.哈里斯堡（美国宾西法尼亚州首府）哈里斯堡（美国宾西法尼亚州首府）sicken/skn/v.使愤怒使愤怒graze/rez/v.放牧放牧Unit 2 Part I Section III Word BankNotes1.Bob Woodruff Robert Warren“Bob”Woodruff(born August 1

32、8,1961)is an American television journalist.His career in journalism dates back to 1989,and he is widely known for succeeding Peter Jennings as co-anchor of ABC News weekday news broadcast,World News Tonight in January 2006.Later the same month he was critically wounded by a roadside bomb in Iraq.2.

33、International Nuclear Event Scale The International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale(INES)was introduced in 1990 by the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)in order to enable prompt communication of safety significance information in case of nuclear accidents.Unit 2 Part I Section III Notes1

34、.Level 1-3 2.Level 4 3.Level 5 4.Level 6 5.Level 7 Task 1 Watch the video clip and match the levels in the left column with the descriptions in the right column.Taska.an accident:minor release of radioactive material,high probability of significant exposureb.incidents:ranging from anomaly to serious

35、 incidentc.a serious accident:a significant release of radioactive material,requiring planned counter-measuresd.an accident:a limited release of radioactive material,requiring some counter-measures,a few deathse.the worst nuclear power plant accident in history,major release of radioactive materials

36、1.b 2.a 3.d 4.c 5.e_Unit 2 Part I Section III Task 1Task 2 Watch the video clip for the second time and choose the best answers to the questions below.1.How large is the evacuation radius from the reactor now?A.12 miles.B.More than 12 miles.C.Less than 12 miles.D.25 miles.2.What do people in the tow

37、n about 25 miles north of the nuclear facility fear?A.Shortages of food and water.B.Shortages of money.C.Aftershocks.D.A significant release of radiation.Unit 2 Part I Section III Task 2Task3.Which of the following statement is NOT true about the governments orders?A.The government ordered everyone

38、to leave.B.The government came door to door to give the orders.C.The government informed the local residents of the severity of the radiation levels.D.The government told the local residents to leave within a month.Unit 2 Part I Section III Task 24.What did the government finally acknowledge?A.The n

39、uclear leak is of minor importance.B.The government can control the situation.C.The governments counter-measures proved to be effective.D.The government failed to control this serious situation.5.All the following information about dairy farmer Kenichi Hasegawa（长谷川健一长谷川健一）is true EXCEPT_.A.he lost h

40、is livelihood B.he cannot sell his milk C.he loves his hometown D.he has been poisoned by the radiationUnit 2 Part I Section III Task 2【Script】ScriptUnit 2 Part I Section III Script In the wake of Japans earthquake disaster,the country wrestles to keep its damaged nuclear powerplants under control.O

41、fficials around the world are carefully monitoring radiation levels,using whatscalled the“International Nuclear Event Scale”.Introduced in 1990 as a way to consistently engagenuclear events and communicate that threat to the public,the scale is made up of seven levels.The firstthree are called“incid

42、ent levels”,and range from anomaly to serious incident.Starting at level four,theevents are termed accidents.Level four is an accident with local consequences,meaning a minor release Understanding Lectures:Recognizing the Main Idea and Main PurposeUnderstanding Lectures:Recognizing the Main Idea and

43、Main Purpose When a lecture starts,the first thing to do is to identify the topic,scope,and purpose of the lecture as soon as possible,in other words,to distinguish the overall ideas and general concepts from specific points.This will help one retain and remember details,making note-taking easier.To

44、 differentiate the information,learners need to follow the lecturers stream of ideas by activating the schemata(the knowledge of the subject matter and world),and looking for clues and discourse markers,in the lecturers words.Unit 2 Part IIThis approach will alert learners to the importance of key i

45、nformation,e.g.“Today,I want to talk about”,“Now,lets move on to”,“One of the special features is that.”,“One reason is that Another problem is Other factors that could be contributing to include”Sometimes,it is necessary to determine purposes and attitudes which are usually embedded in statements o

46、f intention,e.g.“What I intend to show today”,“Today I am going to take up the subject of”,“The topic Id like to introduce”,“Now let me look at this from a different point of view”,“Now let us consider”and“We may here review the factors that”Unit 2 Part II Aside from listening attentively,actively,a

47、nd alertly,learners can also make full use of audio-visual aids to understand the main ideas and points of the lecture(see slide 1),and take notes accordingly.Unit 2 Part IILectures-Contents1.Introduction to radiation detection2.Sources of radiation3.Radiation interactions4.Pulse processing electron

48、ics-I.(basics and signal shaping energy)5.Pulse processing electronics-II.(timing,Coincidences,position,particle identification)6.Uncertainty/error analysis,data reporting7.Counting statistics/dead time8.Gas-filled detectors:Introduction&ion chambers9.Proportional counters,GM counters.10.Position se

49、ntitive gas detectors:Drift detectors and time projection chamberUnit 2 Part II11.Semiconductor detectors,p-n junction diodes12.Ge and Si detectors13.Alternative solid-state detectors14.Miscellaneous detector types15.Gamma-ray spectroscopy and applications16.Scintillation detectors17.Slow neutron de

50、tection18.Fast neutron detection19.Neutron dosimetry20.Subcritical assembly21.Invited lectureSpring 2009 Radiation detection&Measurements 10(slide 1:about nuclear radiation)Unit 2 Part IITypical questions What is the main idea/main point/subject/topic of this lecture?What does the lecture mainly con