2012年杭州师范大学考研专业课试题716综合英语(一).doc
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1、杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸杭 州 师 范 大 学 2012 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题 考试科目代码: 716 考试科目名称: 综合英语(一)说明:1、命题时请按有关说明填写清楚、完整; 2、命题时试题不得超过周围边框; 3、考生答题时一律写在答题纸上,否则漏批责任自负;I. Cloze(每小题1分,共20分)Fill in the blanks with proper words (the first letter is given).Sigmund Freud was born in Moravia but moved to Vienna wi
2、th his parents at the age of four. He is known as the (1)i_ of psychoanalysis, a method of treating people with (2)m_ or physical illnesses. During (3)t_ the patient is made to examine what he can remember about his (4)p_ life which may have caused the illness. Freuds theory was that these past (5)e
3、_ have been repressed, or held back, in the unconscious mind.One way of explaining the (6)c_ of the conscious and the (7)s_ mind, is to think of an iceberg, one tenth of which is (8)v_ on the surface of the sea, but the other nine-tenths of which lie (9)h_ in the deep, dark waters.By bringing the su
4、bconscious experiences to the surface and out into the conscious mind, the patient and (10)d_ can analyze all the different parts, which make up the (11)p_ psychological condition. In other words, they analyze or examine any (12)a_ complexes that the patient may have. This (13)a_ analysis of past ex
5、periences, Freud believed, would help to (14)c_ the patient. Freuds major (15)w_ is called The Interpretation of Dreams. In it Freud presents the theory that the unconscious mind tries to (16)r_ consciousnesses during sleep, through the (17)p_ of dreaming. Through (18)s_ and (19)i_, almost like a fi
6、lm, dreams express our unconscious fears and (20)d_. The analysis of dreams could help us to understand our waking lives.II. Reading Comprehension(共40分)Part A (每小题2分,共30分)Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. TEXT 1Study requires a students undiv
7、ided attention. It is impossible to acquire a complex skill or absorb information about a subject in class unless one learns to concentrate without undue stress for long periods of time. Students with Attention Deficit Disorder (A. D. D.) are particularly deficient in this respect for reasons which
8、are now known to be neurobiological and not behavioural, as was once believed. Of course, being unable to concentrate, and incapable of pleasing the teacher and oneself in the process, quickly leads to despondence and low self-esteem. This will naturally induce behavioural problems.It is estimated t
9、hat 3-5% of all children suffer from Attention Deficit Disorder. There are three main types of Attention Deficit Disorder: A. D. D. without Hyperactivity, A. D. D. with Hyperactivity (A. D. H. D.), and Undifferentiated A. D. D.The characteristics of a person with A. D. D. are as follows:a. has diffi
10、culty paying attentionb. does not appear to listenc. is unable to carry out given instructionsd. avoids or dislikes tasks which require sustained mental efforte. has difficulty with organizationf. is easily distractedg. often loses thingsh. is forgetful in daily activitiesChildren with A. D. H. D. a
11、lso exhibit excessive and inappropriate physical activity, such as constant fidgeting and running about the room. This boisterousness often interferes with the educational development of others. Undifferentiated A. D. D. sufferers exhibit some, but not all, of the symptoms of each category.It is imp
12、ortant to base remedial action on accurate diagnosis. Since A. D. D. is a physiological disorder caused by some structural or chemically-based neurotransmitter problem in the nervous system, it responds especially well to certain psychostimulant drugs, such as Ritalin. In use since 1953, the drug en
13、hances the ability to structure and complete a thought without being overwhelmed by non-related and distracting thought processes.Psychostimulants are the most widely used medications for persons with A. D. D. and A. D. H. D. Recent findings have validated the use of stimulant medications, which wor
14、k in about 70-80% of A. H. D. D. children and dults (Wilens and BIederman, 1997). In fact, up to 90% of distractibility in A. D. D. sufferers can be removed by medication. The specific dose of medicine varies for each child, but such drugs are not without side effects, which include the reduction in
15、 appetite, loss of weight, and problems with falling asleep.Not all students who are inattentive in class have Attention Deficit Disorder. Many are simply unwilling to commit themselves to the task at hand. Others might have a specific learning disability (S. L. D.). However, those with A. D. D. hav
16、e difficulty performing in school not usually because they have trouble learning, but because of poor organization, inattention, compulsion and impulsiveness. This is brought about by an incompletely understood phenomenon, in which the individual is, perhaps, best described as “tuning out” for short
17、 to long periods of time. The effect is analogous to the switching of channels on a television set. The difference is that an A. D. D. suffers is not “in charge of the remote control”. The child with A. D. D. is unavailable to learn something else has involuntarily captured his or her whole attentio
18、n. It is commonly thought that A. D. D. only affects children, and that they grow out of the condition once they reach adolescence. It is now known that this is often not the case. Left undiagnosed or untreated, children with all forms of A. D. D. risk a lifetime of failure to relate effectively to
19、others at home, school, college and at work. This brings significant emotional disturbances into play, and is very likely to negatively affect self-esteem. Fortunately, early identification of the problem, together with appropriate treatment, make it possible for many victims to overcome the substan
20、tial obstacles that A. D. D. places in the way of successful learning.1. The number of main types of A. D. D. is _.A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 42. Attention Deficit Disorder _.A. is a cause of behavioural problemsB. is very common in childrenC. has difficulty paying attentionD. none of the above3. Wilens and
21、Biederman have shown that _.A. stimulant medications are usefulB. psychostimulants do not always workC. hyperactive persons respond well to pshchostimulantsD. all of the above4. Children with A. D. D._.A. have a specific learning disabilityB. should not be given medication as a treatmentC. may be sl
22、ightly affected by sugar intakeD. usually improve once they become teenagers5. Psychostimulant drugs can be given to A. D. D. sufferers to assist them _.A. with the reduction in appetite B. to lose weightC. to fall asleep D. with the completion of desired thought processTEXT 2The Planning Commission
23、 asserts that the needed reduction in acute hospital beds can best be accomplished by closing the smaller hospitals, mainly voluntary and proprietary. This strategy follows from the argument that closing entire institutions saves more money than closing the equivalent number of beds scattered throug
24、hout the health system.The issue is not that simple. Larger hospitals generally are designed to provide more complex care. Routine care at large hospitals costs more than the same care given at smaller hospitals. Therefore, closure of all the small hospitals would commit the city to paying considera
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