2015年电子科技大学考研专业课试题二外英语(仅日语方向).pdf
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1、共 11 页 第 1 页 电子科技大学电子科技大学 2015 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目:考试科目:244 英语英语(二外二外 仅日语方向仅日语方向)注:无机读卡,所有答案必须写在答题纸上,写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。注:无机读卡,所有答案必须写在答题纸上,写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。Part I Reading Comprehension(40%)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
2、statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Passage One Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.People in California love to talk about“zero-emissions vehicles,”b
3、ut people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from.Power plants most all use fire to make it.Aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells,we get our electricity from generators.Generators are fueled by something usually coal,oil,but also by heat
4、generated in nuclear power plants.There are a few wind farms and geothermal plants as well,but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other words,those“zero-emissions”cars are likely coal-burning cars.Its just the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean.It is not.Its as if
5、the California Greens are covering their eyes “If I cant see it,its not happening.”Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle;a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it.But when you take that gas(or another fuel)and first use it to make electricity,you waste a nice part of that energy
6、,mostly in the form of wasted heat at the generator,through the transmission lines,etc.A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones.If our electricity came mostly from
7、 nukes,or geothermal,or hydro,or solar,or wind,then an electric car truly would be clean.But for political,technical,and economic reasons,we dont use much of those energy sources.In addition,electric cars batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill(垃圾填埋场).And f
8、inally,when cars are the polluters,the pollution is spread across all the roads.When its a power plant,though,all the junk is in one place.Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated,but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.共 11 页 第 2 页 1.What does“cl
9、ueless”mean in paragraph 1?A)The California Greens are covering their eyes.B)People in California love to talk about zero-emissions vehicles C)People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cells D)People there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal,oil
10、,etc.2.According to the passage,why the California Greens hold the idea“If I cant see it,its not happening.”?A)They prefer not to realize the fact those clean cars are likely coal-burning cars.B)They do believe that the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean.C)They tend to hold that electri
11、city is a nice part of energy.D)They tend to maintain that gasoline is a good way to run a vehicle.3.The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run _.A)not less than 25 miles.B)more than 25 miles.C)no less than 25 miles.D)not more than 25 miles.4.Compared with cars using gas,electr
12、ic cars _ A)do not burn fuel and more environmental.B)are toxic and it is difficult for nature to clean it up when their batteries are buried in one spot.C)are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated D)are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill.5.It
13、can be inferred from the passage that _.A)Being green is good and should be encouraged in communications B)Electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something.C)Zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment.D)Electric cars are now the dominant veh
14、icle compared with gasoline-powered cousins.Passage Two Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.German Chancellor(首相)Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent,but his legacy(遗产)includes many of todays social insurance programs.During the middle of the 1
15、9th century,Germany,along with other European nations,experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization.Motivated in part by Christian compassion(怜悯)for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the soc
16、ialist labor movement,Chancellor Bismarck created the worlds first worker s compensation law in 1884.共 11 页 第 3 页 By 1908,the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers compensation insurance.Americas injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law,but they
17、 still faced a number of tough legal barriers.For example,employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace.The first state workers compensation law in this country passed in 1911,and
18、the program soon spread throughout the nation.After World War II,benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living.In fact,real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s,and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a famil
19、y of four.In 1970,President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers compensation.Two years later,the commission issued 19 key recommendations,including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states average weekly wages.In
20、fact,the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today.But,as most studies show,every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims.And wi
21、th so much more money floating in the workers compensation system,its not surprising that doctors,and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.6.The worlds first workers compensation law was introduced by Bismarck _.A.for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor mo
22、vement B.out of religious and political considerations C.to speed up the pace of industrialization D.to make industrial production safer 7.We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe _.A.met growing resistance from laborers working at machines B.resulted in the developm
23、ent of popular social insurance programs C.was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidents D.required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace 8.One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 19th century was that _.A.the
24、y had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident B.Americas average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of living C.different states in the U.S.had totally different compensation programs D.they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of la
25、w 9.After 1972,workers compensation insurance in the U.S.became more favorable to workers so that _.A.the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically B.more money was allocated to their compensation system 共 11 页 第 4 页 C.there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claims D.the num
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