2013年杭州师范大学考研专业课试题243二外英语.doc

1、杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸杭 州 师 范 大 学 2013 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题 考试科目代码： 243 考试科目名称： 二外英语 说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。Part I Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）（20%）Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet. Fo

2、r questions I - 7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the in

3、formation given in the passage.Learn to Behave When Lost in the WoodsLions and tigers and bears, oh, my!It can happen to even an Eagle Scout: The trail disappears, directions get confused, and a sudden turn in the weather forces you away from familiar landmarks. All of a sudden, the thin chain betwe

4、en you and civilization has broken. Youre not just Getting Away From It All. youre lost. But take heart: Losing your way doesnt have to mean losing your head. Follow the tips in this tutorial to minimize the danger to yourself, and to keep yourself from getting even more lost. Youll notice that the

5、title of this passage is not “Learn to Get Un-Lost” but “Learn to Behave When Lost in the Woods”. The goal here is not to turn you into a wilderness orientation expert (or a survival expert), but to make it as easy as possible for others to find you safe and sound.“Be Prepared” is the Boy Scout mott

6、o, and if you dont believe in making some kind of preparations, you have no business being out in the woods in the first place. Being lost doesnt kill people; its the doings without (food, clothing, shelter, medical attention) that does them in.Whether packing for an afternoon picnic or a weeklong h

7、iking, observe the Rule of Change: Prepare not only for the weather conditions that exist when you start out, but for the weather that weather can turn into. You dont need to take an umbrella when youre hiking Death Valley (unless you want some shade), but you should cram a rainhat in your pack in Y

8、osemite, even the forecast calls for sunshine. You dont need a parka for that day trip, but your clothing should add up to several layers: Put them on or peel them off as the temperature dictates.You should always, always bring matches or a lighter. Put them in your backpack right nowgo on, well wai

9、t and dont take them out when you clean out your pack (do, however, check to make sure theyre still serviceable). Always bring more water than you expect to drink-and dont drink it just because you have it. If your mouth is thirsty, you can moisten it with a single mouthful; you dont need to chug do

10、wn the bottle.The best way to avoid getting lost is (obviously) to keep to a trail, so resist the temptation to walk off into the virgin wild unless you know exactly what youre doing. Besides being environmentally unfriendly and often illegal, straying from the trail is flirting with danger. Just as

11、 you can drown in an inch of water, you can get hopelessly lost in five minutes of pathless wandering. Theres just one more inflexible rule: Dont leave for the outdoors unless theres someone who ll notice you havent returned. You dont have to post a formal itinerary at the rangers office, but at lea

12、st mention to a friend or family member where youre going and when you expect to be back. For the price of a phone call, you can keep getting lost from becoming a permanent disappearance. Step OneDon t PanicFirst of all, get a grip on yourself. Take ten slow, deep breaths (actually count them) if yo

13、u do feel panicky. Its normal to feel scared, but keep in mind that all youve lost is a bit of information. An unknown patch of forest isnt inherently more dangerous than a known patch. Its just unknown to you.Begin by acknowledging that youre lost-or if youre with one or more other people, by gentl

14、y creating the consensus that youre lost. Some folks tend to deny the situation, right up to the point where they march off a cliff. Dont let macho (or macha) attitude endanger everyone.There are two common reactions youll want to avoid. One is panic, which usually triggers the flight response in hu

15、mans. Running wildly around, even for a few minutes, could get you irretrievably lost (if not injured). The other reaction is overcompensation: Deciding that its time to play Robinson Crusoe of the Redwoods and trying to build a cabin, search for food, and lay in a cord of wood before nightfall. You

16、 may end up spending a night or so in the wild, but conserve your energy. Tired people dont think as well as rested ones, and they require more food and water to keep going.Step Two- Judge the SituationNow that youre calm, collected and-not in denial, sit down and think things through. How long have

17、 you been lost? Mentally trace your thoughts back to the last point where you definitely knew your location. How long ago was that? In what general direction have you been traveling since then?If you have a compass, use it now to give your directional sense some bearings: We came from that away and

18、thats Northwest, but we started walking South-so the trail must have slowly looped., and so forth. Even if you dont have a compass, try to approximate this kind of location-sense while your memories are fresh. If you dont have a compass, see Step 3.Now you have some decisions to make:If you havent b

19、een lost long and seem to be in relatively safe terrain (not surrounded by rockslides or thorn bushes, for instance), you may decide to retrace your steps. If so, skip to Step 3.If the circumstances suggest that further wandering may be dangerous (night is falling, cliff edges abound), then you may

20、want to stay out and wait for rescue. If so, skip to Step 5.Step Three - Retrace your Steps (if appropriate) If youve decided to try and undo your error, then hike in the direction from which you came, keeping careful track not only of orientation but of time. If youve been lost for ten minutes but

21、a ten-minute walk doesnt return you to your trail, youre just getting more lost. In such a case, pause and return to your original location, then try again.When retracing: Try tracking yourself. You werent on a trail, so you probably left tracks you can follow in reverse. One handy trick is to frequ

22、ently look over your shoulder as youre retracing-the idea is to recreate the view you had when you were walking there in the first place. Looking back might refresh your memory of a particular landmark, or help you recognize familiar terrain. If you dont have a compass: To be certain you wont stray

23、from your intended direction, line up three landmarks in the direction you want to go, all following a straight line from your line of sight. Then walk in a beeline (i. e., as straight as possible), keeping the landmarks in sight.Leave a sign: As you go, its a good idea to leave markers, or a sign,

24、to help potential rescuers locate you. Ways to leave a sign include dragging a heavy stick, propping up sticks or rocks in unnatural ways or making a flag from a stick and some trash or a cloth.Step Four-Try to Pick up a Trail (if appropriate)Cant find your trail? If youve opted to stay mobile, you

25、might want to pick up any old trail.any path that probably leads to somewhere, if only to a better path. In that case:Keep in mind that trails are usually in logical places, i.e. where the land will be more traversable. Search next to creeks or rivers, on or below ridges, and across meadows.Holding

26、an eye to your present location, wander around in the immediate area, say 50 yards/meters in all directions. Like looking over your shoulder (see Step 3), the change in perspective may jog your memory. If youre not alone you can range even further.Designate one person as the stay-put “anchor”, and h

27、ave the others wander around within earshot. Have the anchor shout out periodically-yelling out the time every minute on the minute is a good idea.1. This tutorials goal is to turn you into a wilderness orientation expert or a survival expert.2. It is essential that you always bring matches, a light

28、er and a knife in your backpack and dont take them out when you clean out your pack.3. According to the passage, if its daytime, it is unnecessary to build a fire.4. Give your friends or family members a phone call and tell them your return time, or you will lose the chance of being found in case yo

29、u get lost in the woods.5. If you get lost, you should keep calm because all that youve lost maybe just a bit of information.6. One of the common reactions when you get lost is fear, which may cause you running around wildly.7. When you calm down a little bit, try to think twice and discuss how to f

30、ind another way.8. If youre lost for ten minutes but a ten-minute walk doesnt return you to your trail, youd better stop and . 9. The passage in Step Three suggests that its a good idea to leave markers, or a sign to . 10. Step Four mentions that trails are usually in logical places, try to seek tra

31、ils near . Part II Vocabulary and Structure （30%）Directions: Choose the best answer you think fit to fill in the gaps of each sentence with the items given. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.11. Polar bears prefer to hunt seals on land or ice but may _ them from under water. A. ne

32、ar B. stalk C. swim D. approach12. After settling in the destination, Henry took me to a _ restaurant for our anniversary. A. fancy B. expensive C. elaborate D. fussy13. The working conditions in my new job are excellent, but _, I am not impressed. A. for instance B. for example C. for the rest D. a

33、bove the rest14. On the record I have just played, the first song _ from all the others. A. stands for B. stands out C. stands up to D. stands up for 15. I was shocked by his choice, but _ it seems to me that he didnt really have much alternative.A. on reflection B. under consideration C. under refl

34、ect D. on no consideration16. He dare not ride any longer because he keeps falling off his bike. So his friends _ him and called him a coward. A. behave B. act C. direct D. mocked17. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _ when judging my examination.A. regard B. counting C. account D.

35、observation 18. The singers style _ jazz and country music, creating a completely new tune. A. deals B. corresponds C. agrees D. mingles 19. At first the new boy was at the bottom of the class, but he soon _ with the others.A. pull down B. pull in C. pull out D. pull up 20. At the party we found tha

36、t shy girl _ her mother all the time. A. clinging to B. clinging on C. clinging with D. clinging in21. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he_ himself .A. had injured B. injured C. injure D. would injure 22. There is a lot of work to do. The garden requires _ and the grass wants _. A. b

37、eing taken care of, being cut B. to take care of, to cut C. taking care of, cutting D. to take care of, being cut23. They proposed _ anything until the police got there. A. not to do B. not doing C. to do D. doing 24. There is a possibility that, _ a sudden loud noise, these animals could be frighte

38、ned. A. being there B. there was C. there having been D. should there be25. If law and order _, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. A. are not preserved B. is not preserved C. were not preserved D. have not been preserved26. She can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework, _ hard she

39、tries. A. for B. whatever C. however D. because 27. Jane was very busy last week. Otherwise she _ to see you. A. came B. would come C. had come D. would have come 28. Our modern civilitzation must not be thought of as _ in a short period of time. A. being created B. to have been created C. having be

40、en created D. to be created 29. _ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. A. For now B. Since that C. Now that D. By now30. Do you remember _ to Professor Smith during your last visit? A. being introduced B. to be introducedC. having introduced D. to have been introduce

41、dPart III Reading Comprehension （Read in Depth）（30%）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your ch

42、oices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.Nowadays, is it possib

43、le to tell a persons class just by looking at him? Physical details _31_ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often looked unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often _32_, sporting types who were used to

44、a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such _33_ would no longer be so true. The clothes people choose to wear, however, do provide information about their _34_. The most obvious way in which is for the amount of money spent on them. Expensive clothes

45、look expensive and show their wearer have money. Clothes can provide other _35_ as well. The upper classes _36_ to be less interested in fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colors, made of natural material like wool, leather or cotton. Lower working class people often choose clothes

46、in bright colors, made of man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are missing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is _37_. Clothes are _38_ at a price within most peoples reach. New clothes make the wearer feel good, and show some _39_ of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class people who want to look _40_ and feel important. They want people to look at them.A) available B) background C) different D) tall E) totally F) takenG) descripti